A rare explosion happened near the Nobel family residence in the east of the city. Nobel's big bungalow laboratory, with a loud noise, turned into rubble. All five people who participated in the experiment were killed. Amy, the youngest son of the old Nobel, was also killed in the explosion. The explosive power of explosives is unprecedented.
When the city hall announced the explosion, almost everyone in the city rebelled. It turned out that the Nobel family was studying a kind of nitroglycerin with strong explosive force, which exploded due to careless operation. Who wants to sleep next to the dynamite bucket? Angry neighbors almost drove the Nobel family out of the house. The city hall immediately issued an order prohibiting experiments in the city, otherwise the Nobel family would be expelled.
Old Nobel, who was seriously injured in the explosion, was paralyzed with anger. The three Nobel brothers-the three surviving brothers-fell asleep after serving their father and quarreled fiercely in the living room.
"For the sake of the whole family's life, let's give up this damn experiment!" The timid penis has a lingering fear.
"We must persist in success, or Amy will die in vain. Father will hate us for life! " The third insists on never giving in. Mr. Nobel's third son, later known as Alfred bernhard Nobel, was the founder of the Nobel Prize.
With Alfred's insistence and persuasion, the three Nobel brothers decided to join hands with Qi Xin to continue the research on explosives.
The government banned the manufacture of explosives in this city, so they had to move the equipment to a gondola on Lake Mara far from Stockholm. People say that the Nobel family is crazy. In fact, the Nobel family is an inventor family who is keen on science and technology and immersed in explosive research. From the old Nobel, small factory owners devoted themselves to technological inventions until Alfred created the immortal Nobel Prize. The Nobel family has gone through hardships and made outstanding contributions to the cause of science.
The Nobel family is in the prosperous period of Europe's transition from handicraft workshops to large machine production. From generation to generation, it is worthy of the great era that produced giants.
/kloc-in Europe in the 0/9th century, social development and progress were very rapid. Due to the increasing popularity of Watt steam engine, the demand for coal and iron in various countries has increased sharply, and coal is being dug everywhere to find minerals, so the mining industry needs more powerful tools. The wide application of technology has also caused the strength gap between countries. In order to compete for resources and markets, a series of wars often break out. The military also demanded the manufacture of powerful weapons, which prompted and attracted many chemists to develop explosives.
Explosives originated in China. As early as the Tang Dynasty in the 6th and 7th centuries, China people used nitrate, sulfur and carbon to make black powder. Later, through the expedition of Mongolian nomads and the transmission of the Silk Road, the formula for making gunpowder spread to Europe. China's black powder is too weak to meet the needs of European social development in the19th century. But it inspires people to develop new high-efficiency explosives.
1837, French chemist Beroz treated cotton with concentrated nitric acid to obtain nitrocellulose. When the chemist accidentally threw nitrocellulose into the fire, the violent combustion almost burned down the whole house.
1847, Italian chemist Sobolero accidentally mixed glycerin, a by-product of soap making, with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid to obtain an oily transparent liquid, namely nitroglycerin. Once, he heated a drop of nitroglycerin in a test tube, causing a strong explosion, hurting his hands and face, and others in the laboratory were also injured. He didn't realize that it was a great invention, but he was distressed that it often exploded and couldn't determine its chemical composition. Soon, he shelved his discovery.
/kloc-in the 1950s of 0/9, the Nobel family took over the banner of studying explosives and tamed high explosives first. Nobel Sr is an inventor devoted to science and technology. After the small factory he worked so hard to run in Sweden was destroyed by fire, he left his motherland, his wife and children and went to Russia to make a living. In Russia, the old Nobel runs a bleak enterprise, engaged in mechanical invention and explosive development. His research achievements have been appreciated by all sides in Russia, but the political turmoil of the Russian royal family has made his career unsustainable.
After returning to China, Nobel, who was nearly 60 years old, rallied and worked with his sons to develop explosives. Alfred inherited his father's indomitable character. When Alfred saw the explosive power of nitroglycerin, he decided to study this explosive seriously and use it in mine excavation and canal excavation. Since then, alfred nobel's life has been inextricably linked with the constant explosion.
Nobel first saw nitroglycerin in Petersburg, Russia. At that time, Professor Zinin, a Russian chemist, and Nobel sons and daughters who came for advice demonstrated the explosiveness of nitroglycerin. When a tiny amount of nitroglycerin exploded violently under the hammer, it left a deep impression on Nobel.
In order to control the explosion of nitroglycerin, we must first invent the detonating device. Nobel found through research that nitroglycerin must be heated to the explosion point or impacted by gravity if it is to explode. 1862, Nobel successfully detonated nitroglycerin with gunpowder. Nobel first put nitroglycerin in a glass bottle, then put a tin tube full of gunpowder, and then put it in a fire fuse.
Nobel will never forget the earliest safety explosion. In the early morning, the river is still filled with white fog. The Nobel brothers came to the river together. Alfred lit the fuse and threw it into the water. Suddenly, there was a harsh metal crash, and then the river rose several feet and the ground trembled. The first explosion proved that its explosive power was far greater than that of ordinary gunpowder, which successfully strengthened Nobel's determination to develop high explosives. However, the violent explosion not long after made them lose their youngest brother Amy and forced them to move to a boat on the lake for an experiment.
At this time, Nobel took advantage of the sensitive characteristics of mercury fulminate. When it was slightly hit or shaken, mercury fulminate exploded immediately and made a detonator. One day, Nobel conducted a detonation experiment at the lake Mara. People watching from a distance witnessed the scene in which Nobel broke free from the hands of death: the agile Nobel just gently installed the experimental device and turned back. Not far away, there was a loud bang, and the explosives set off thick black smoke and dust. People think that this Nobel must be finished. However, who knows that Nobel, whose face was covered with blood, ran out of the smoke and shouted excitedly: "The detonator test was successful!" "
After detonating high explosives with detonators, Nobel began to make nitroglycerin. The society is in urgent need of high explosives, and the products of Nobel Factory are in short supply. However, a series of big explosions made Nobel face a desperate situation.
Nitroglycerin will explode when it encounters severe vibration. At that time, people knew nothing about the danger of explosives. Dispose of nitroglycerin at will, not knowing that death is with you. Soon, police letters flooded into Nobel.
1 86565438+In February, a German businessman took 10 pound of nitroglycerin (1pound is about 0.45 kg) and stayed in a hotel in new york. Nitroglycerin suddenly exploded, blasting the roadbed into a deep pit more than one meter deep, and the public was frightened by it.
Sydney, Australia1March, 866, a warehouse exploded for storing two boxes of nitroglycerin, with loud noise and no tiles.
1in April, 866, the ship Europa in the Atlantic Ocean sank to the bottom of the sea due to nitroglycerin explosion, and everything was burned.
These tragic disasters not only caused hundreds of deaths, but also forced governments to ban the transportation, manufacture and storage of nitroglycerin ... The situation turned sharply, and people's words of panic, doubt, boycott and cursing flooded into Nobel, threatening to destroy the city. The determined Nobel was also anxious about it. But he didn't feel as regretful and at a loss as Sobolero who found nitroglycerin, and only prayed for God's forgiveness. He firmly believes that the superiority of new explosives will bring great benefits to industrial development and the immediate difficulties will be overcome!
How can we solve the safety problem of high explosives?
Nobel thought day and night, and finally came up with two safety measures, and finally solved the safety problem of nitroglycerin. One method is to add methanol liquid to liquid nitroglycerin and separate it when it is used. This method is complicated and laborious. Another method is to absorb nitroglycerin with solid matter. Nobel tried charcoal powder, sawdust, cement, brick ash and other materials, and made many blasting tests to judge its effect. Finally, he decided to choose porous diatomite produced in northern Germany because of its strong adsorption and stable chemical properties.
Nobel used diatomite to adsorb nitroglycerin to make solid explosives. After the successful trial production, Nobel personally went to various places to perform, and proved the power and safety performance of the new explosive with iron facts, so as to dispel people's doubts and save the bad influence.
1On July 4th, 867, the flat ground of the mine ore yard in northern England was crowded with business dignitaries and curious spectators. They leaned carefully behind the dam and looked forward in horror.
I saw some of Nobel's assistants light a bonfire with waste sleepers. Then, Nobel calmly put more than 65,438+00 pounds of explosives on the blazing fire. The onlookers were frightened. They know the power of restless nitroglycerin, and some people close their eyes in fear. ...
After a while, Nobel ran to the cliff on the edge of the storage yard. When he threw the 10 kg explosive box under a cliff twenty or thirty meters deep, many people were scared to lie behind the dam. Whether it is a fire or an impact, the new explosives are safe and sound. Nobel buried the explosive in an abandoned hole and detonated it with a detonator. Explosives blew away the rubble and the ground trembled. ...
The new explosives have won people's trust and reassured the users of Nobel explosives. Since then, Nobel explosives have been widely used in industry, mining and transportation, and the deafening explosion of Nobel explosives has sounded all over the world.
1896 12 10, the lonely Nobel passed away quietly in a health resort in western Italy. According to his will, the legacy of more than 33 million Swedish kronor was established as the Nobel Prize to reward scientists, doctors, writers and even pacifists who worked hard for the common interests of mankind.