my country’s main measures to adjust the industrial structure are:
1. Continue to promote the adjustment and revitalization of key industries
2. Vigorously cultivate strategic emerging industries
3. Accelerate the development of the service industry and promote the coordinated development of regional economies
Analysis of countermeasures for the adjustment and upgrading of my country's industrial structure
1. Efforts to promote the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure.
Our country should consider the adjustment of our country's industrial structure more from the perspective of actively participating in the international division of labor. On the basis of making full use of the comparative advantages of the international division of labor, we should maximize our strengths and avoid weaknesses, and selectively and focusedly develop our country's regional and even regional industries. Industries with competitive advantages in the world. my country has a large population, high labor employment pressure, and relatively low wage levels. Therefore, in the short term, my country's labor-intensive processing industries have a relative competitive advantage. But in the long term, with the improvement of technology and informatization levels, our country should regard emerging industries with high and new technologies as its own advantageous industries and gradually improve its competitiveness. From a policy perspective, in the future development of my country's national economy, except for a few important industries, the industrial structure should be adjusted in accordance with the principles of advance and retreat, and what is done and what is not. At the same time, based on our own comprehensive strength and comparative advantages, in the process of industrial globalization, we should seize certain high-tech and high-value-added production links in a certain industry, occupy the commanding heights of certain aspects of technology and production, and based on this, Through the role of front chain and back chain, it will drive the rapid development of other industries. With the development of the world's emerging industries and the technological transformation of traditional industries, my country's comparative advantages include a number of industries with overall comparative advantages. A considerable part of the comparative advantages may not necessarily completely occupy a certain industry. It is more likely that By partially occupying certain production links in certain industries, we can carry out international cooperation and competition based on intra-industry division of labor. In addition, it is necessary to learn from international experience and adjust industrial policies in a timely manner based on changes in globalized industrial structure and competitiveness. The government should formulate targeted support policies for strategic industries in accordance with the theory of competitive advantage.
2. Continuously optimize the allocation of state-owned assets. State-owned enterprises should play a leading role in our country, but they do not necessarily have to become the mainstay of our country's economic composition. Therefore, we should appropriately shrink the front line of the state-owned economy through the flow and reorganization of state-owned assets, concentrate on developing the country's strategic industries, reform the allocation structure of state-owned assets, so that state-owned assets can be invested in key industries and key enterprises, and better utilize the state-owned economy. leading role in the national economy. First, the state-owned economy must maintain its monopoly in areas involving national security and social stability. Mainly refers to important national defense and military industries, aerospace industry, material reserve sectors and certain special sectors in agriculture. For these industries, the state-owned economy must always maintain an absolute monopoly to maintain national security and social stability. Second, the state-owned economy must maintain its dominant position in important infrastructure and important basic industries. For example, in industries such as electric power production and transportation, postal communications, oil and gas development, and mining, on the premise of maintaining the absolute dominance of the state-owned economy, non-state-owned economies can also be encouraged to gradually enter. The third is to focus on the development of some large enterprises and enterprise groups in the pillar industries of the national economy. Mainly refers to some industries including machinery, electronics, automobile manufacturing, petrochemicals and key engineering construction. Most of these industries are capital- and technology-intensive industries with high requirements for technical capabilities and significant economies of scale. In China, It is an industrial sector with fierce competition in the foreign market. The state-owned economy should actively develop a number of large enterprises and enterprise groups to improve the international competitiveness of our country's economy as a whole. Fourth, in high-tech industries, it is necessary to increase investment in state-owned capital and promote their rapid development. High-tech industries require large early-stage investments and high risks. At present, it is difficult to achieve comprehensive and rapid development solely by relying on the non-state-owned economy. However, these industries represent the direction of upgrading my country's industrial structure and are of great political and economic significance. The state-owned economy must be based on the overall interests of society and the long-term development of the national economy, and should actively invest, develop, guide, and drive other social capital into the industry. Fifth, for general competitive industries, the state-owned economy should compete equally with other ownership economies. Most industries in my country's national economy are generally competitive industries. For these industries, the government should open up all economic sectors and allow and encourage the state-owned economy to compete equally with other ownership economies.
3. Establish a public service-oriented government.
The so-called public service-oriented government refers to an organization that provides public products that private individuals or society are unwilling to provide, or are unable to provide. Citizens transfer part of their power to the government and support the government through taxes. The government must help citizens do things that citizens cannot do. How much should the government provide? How should it be provided? It must be decided by citizens through voting. The size and performance of the project must be determined through democratic procedures. After joining the WTO, the service functions of our government departments should be transformed into providing economic policies, information consulting, technical services, etc., starting from improving the external environment of enterprise production and operation, and building an external environment that is conducive to the development of industries and enterprises.
4. Actively and reasonably guide the flow of foreign investment. While actively introducing foreign investment, we must also guide relevant policies and measures to basically align the changes in foreign investment structure with the pace of my country's industrial structural adjustment and change the unreasonable tilt of the foreign investment structure. First, actively guide foreign businessmen to increase investment in the primary and tertiary industries, while relatively reducing foreign investment in the secondary industry. In order to improve the productivity of agriculture, in particular, we must improve the level of agricultural science and technology, promote the rapid development of the tertiary industry and the rapid improvement of productivity levels, in order to adapt to the requirements of optimizing and upgrading our country's industrial structure and promoting sustainable economic development. The second is to guide foreign investors to increase investment in technology-intensive industries while correspondingly reducing investment in general processing industries. The third is to guide foreign investment to flow more to some tertiary industry sectors with weak foundations. At present, foreign direct investment in my country's tertiary industry is mainly concentrated in real estate, services, commerce, transportation and other departments and industries. For the finance and insurance industry, sports and health, social welfare, scientific research and comprehensive technical services, As well as departments and industries such as education, culture and art, foreign investment is very small and the proportion is also very low. However, the development of these industries is not only related to the expansion of domestic demand, but also related to the improvement of the development level of other industries.
5. Promote technological innovation and the development of the information industry. In order to speed up the establishment and formation of the national innovation system, the government should work hard in six aspects: first, strengthen macro-control of the economy; second, actively establish and improve a technological innovation system with Chinese characteristics; third, continuously strengthen the government’s control of technology The fourth is to promote the establishment and formation of development strategies and mechanisms with independent innovation capabilities; the fifth is to increase the role of the government in venture capital and establish and improve the national venture capital guarantee system; the sixth is to promote intellectual property and patent systems Establish and improve to protect the legitimate rights and interests of intellectual property owners and patent owners. With its extensiveness and strong penetration, the information industry can fundamentally improve the labor productivity of traditional industries, save a lot of manpower, material and energy consumption, cause fundamental changes in the labor structure, product structure, technology structure, etc., and Promote the fundamental transformation of traditional industries. Many economists believe through empirical analysis that among the factors that promote the improvement of labor productivity in today's era, factors relying on the adoption of new technological achievements only account for about 5% to 20%, while factors relying on information technology account for 60%. % - about 80; for example, in the ten years from 1979 to 1990, 35% of the increase in labor productivity in the United Kingdom was attributed to the use of information technology, and 80% of the increase in German labor productivity was attributed to the use of information technology. In short, information technology and technological innovation have become an important driving force for global industrial structure adjustment and labor productivity improvement.