Nobel (Alfred bernhard), Swedish chemist. 1833 65438+1October 2 1 was born in Stockholm,1896 65438+February 10 died in San Remo, Italy. Nobel 1842 went to live in St. Petersburg, Russia with his family. 1850 went to Paris to study chemistry for one year, and then worked under J. Erickson in the United States for four years. After returning to St. Petersburg, he worked in his father's factory.
Nobel began to study nitroglycerin in 1859, but the factory exploded in 1864. In order to prevent accidents from happening again in the future, Nobel absorbed nitroglycerin in inert substances, which made it safer to use. Nobel called it Dana explosive and applied for a patent in 1867. 1875, Nobel mixed collodion (cellulose hexanitrate) with nitroglycerin to obtain a gelatinous substance, called explosive glue, which was more explosive than that explosive. 1876 was patented, and 1887 Nobel developed smokeless explosives. He also has many other inventions, which have been patented by manufacturers of rubber synthesis, leather and man-made fibers.
Nobel accumulated a lot of wealth by operating oil fields and producing explosives. When he died, he used most of his legacy as a fund. Every year, he used his interest (about 200,000 US dollars) to award the Nobel Prize to those who had made great contributions to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace in the previous year. It was awarded to 190 1 for the first time. From 65438 to 0968, the Nobel Prize in Economics was added, which was funded by the Swedish National Bank. The Nobel Prize is an award provided by a fund established according to A-B- Nobel's will (from 5 to 6 since 1969), which is awarded by 4 institutions (3 in Sweden and 0/in Norway) every year. 19011210, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death. In his will, Nobel stipulated that the prize would be awarded annually to "those who made the greatest contribution to mankind in the previous year" in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace. The Swedish bank added an economic science award in 1968, and presented the award in 1969 for the first time.
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