The submachine gun has a simple structure and a short barrel. It is provided by a large-capacity magazine. The single firing rate is 40 rounds per minute, and the long firing time is about 100 ~ 120 rounds per minute. Most submachine guns are equipped with small grips, and the stock is generally retractable and foldable.
The submachine gun was developed during World War I, when it was mainly a 9 mm submachine gun. During World War II, submachine guns of different models and calibers came out one after another. Since the war, with the development of automatic rifles, the difference between submachine guns and automatic rifles has become smaller and smaller, and some of them have been difficult to define and classify. For example, Germany's STG44 assault rifle and the former Soviet Union's AK47 automatic rifle are often called submachine guns, and their caliber is mostly around 7.62 mm.
Submachine gun is a kind of modern individual melee weapon, which is short, sharp, powerful and flexible to use, and is very suitable for charging or
Hand-to-hand combat and attacks such as counter-charge, mountain jungle, position trench and urban street fighting. Is a member of the small arms family.
One of the young but indispensable important members.
The earliest submachine gun was designed from the 1990s of 19, but it didn't appear until after the First World War.
How many guns did you buy? Waving a monster? Fu Langqing? Tax? Hey? Stab? Wenxin cadmium? The design of 9 15 is of great significance.
Livera's 19 15 9mm submachine gun is the world's first automatic weapon to fire pistols, and it is recognized as a heavy punch.
Is the ancestor of the former gun Whelan? P 18I 9mm submachine gun. Italy
Americans call submachine guns "light machine guns", and John, who is in charge of light weapons research in the United States, pioneered the name "submachine guns"
Tory *?
General Thomson. Throughout the development of submachine guns, it has gone through four different stages of development, and this paper only focuses on the second time.
The development of submachine guns before World War II was reviewed.
Development of submachine guns at the beginning of this century
Italian submachine gun
As the originator of submachine gun, Vera Fang Yi 19 15 submachine gun (see figure 1) is the first submachine gun with a pistol in the world.
The appearance of double-tube weapons not only gives people a refreshing feeling, but also opens a new era of single-arm weapons.
Yuan? Have you had enough? Is it far? Strangling the sword, panicking, and planting Ming? Grazing and watering my legs? Even? What's the matter with you? On the metal baffle; Ammunition supply mode is above 25 magazines. The Italian army filled the gap between rifles and heavy machine guns.
Blank, used as a light machine gun, but the power of the pistol can not meet the range requirements of the light machine gun, and the result is a wish.
Violation? Wei Huai asked light light blue, called the Perosa submachine gun, and put it in the "cold palace".
19 18, when the Italian government asked Villa to play games?
Moreover, two arsenals in Beretta have improved 9mm Vera Perosa submachine guns. Hey? The 9mmOVP submachine gun was designed by Yi Feng Gang, while the famous Italian prolific designer turio imitated Ngoni in the Bei Leita factory.
On the basis of the original Vila submachine gun, he designed his first submachine gun-9mm Bei Leita M 19 18 submachine gun? Tear Zhou also designed some submachine guns, the most successful of which is Beretta M 1938A 9mm submachine gun, which is divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ,
Type ⅲ and type ⅰ are prototypes with folding bayonets.
Type ⅱ changes the cooling hole into a round hole, and adds a continuous firing trigger safety in the trigger retaining ring; Type ⅲ cancellation thorn.
Knife, designed a new muzzle anti-jump device, changed the movable needle into a fixed needle; Double trigger mechanism controls single trigger and connection respectively.
Send; There is a safety on the left side of the shell and a handle on the right side. Are you still paying? Title? What's the matter with you? One? Deer? Chen Bi?
It was the Germans who first realized the need for a light automatic weapon to fill the gap between pistols and rifles.
The holsters of 7.63mm and 9mm Mao Se pistols also have the dual functions of stock, which is what we often call charge pistols now.
And a lot of equipment. In addition, the German army also adopted a lengthened P08 pistol barrel, an arc gauge, an adjustable stock and a special design.
32 drums and other components meet the basic requirements of submachine guns. 19 16, opened by Hugo Simms, a famous German weapon designer.
He started his submachine gun design work in Perosa. Deer? In case of excessive taxes, how can wages be shared? Perosa submachine gun was sent back to China for analysis and research, and got inspiration from it, which accelerated the design of German submachine gun.
Work. 19 18, designed the 9mm Bergman MP 18 submachine gun, which was converted into MP 18I submachine gun in the same year and became the world.
The world's first truly practical submachine gun, and equipped with frontline troops.
(1) German MP 18I 9mm submachine gun (see Figure 2).
The gun adopts the automatic mode of free bolt, and it is ready to be hit; Simple structure, simple processing, only continuous shooting, equipped with.
Professional insurance institutions; Snail drums with many shortcomings are used for ammunition supply. 1920: change the straight magazine before weighing.
Party A has added insurance institutions; The gun is easy to disassemble and assemble without any tools. After MP 18I, it is further modified as follows
MP28ⅱ9mm submachine gun, MP35/I submachine gun, Vollmer (Irma) 9mm submachine gun, etc.
(2) German 9mm Vollmer submachine gun.
There are two models of the gun: the long barrel type has a retractable single-tube bracket under the handle, which is used to stabilize the gun when shooting in a prone position.
Body; Short tube type without telescopic support? What do you say to throw neodymium into the coffin? Capital reef lip? What's wrong with the terrier? Benzene is hard to dream? Made of steel pipe; The puller handle is located on the right, and the reducer is located on the upper right of the trigger holder. Are you brave? Traces? What are you doing? Small.
Swiss submachine gun
According to the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles, the defeated Germans were forbidden to equip 9mmMP 18I submachine guns, so Germany
The production of this kind of gun had to be stopped temporarily. 1920, the Treaty of Versailles came into effect, and the Bergman Arsenal in Germany was born.
Property rights are resold to Swiss Industrial Corporation (SIG for short).
During the period of 1920 ~ 1927, SIG changed the original 9mm caliber to 7.65mm(barabellaum pistol) and
7.63mm (Mao Se pistol), named SIGM 1920 submachine gun, exported to Finland, Spain, China and.
Japan and other countries. 1930, SIG developed an improved SIGM 1930 submachine gun. SIG Company in 1930s is still alive.
MKMO and other series submachine guns were produced.
The outstanding feature of Swiss MKMO submachine gun is that it pioneered the folding magazine, which is compact in structure and easy to carry.
Many countries have adopted famous submachine guns? Are we in trouble with bald cows? ┙⑸? 63mm, 9mm Mao Se pistol bullets and
7.65mm and 9mm Baraberum pistols; Using the principle of semi-free bolt, it consists of nose and fuselage.
Component composition; In the post-production, the sight moved back slightly, and a bayonet ear was added under the collimation seat.
1929 In April, Rheinmetall Germany also resold all weapons development, production and sales rights to the Swiss Soviet Company.
Rotten Weapons Company, 1930, the Swiss Steyr-Soloton SI- 100 submachine gun produced by the company is widely sold all over the world.
All over the world.
American submachine gun
At that time, the United States also felt the need for an infantry portable weapon with overwhelming concentrated firepower, so it pioneered submachine guns.
John Ba Jin's name?
Fat fat, collect fees at random? In September17, he began to design his own submachine gun series. 19 18, the earliest Thomson-like gun in the United States came out.
1919m1919 Thomson submachine gun was successfully developed, and the earliest mass production model M 192 1 Thomson charge was launched in 192 1 year.
Gun (see Figure 3). Later, the United States successively designed the M 1923 Thomson submachine gun and the M 1927 Thomson submachine gun.
M 1928A 1 Thomson submachine gun, etc.
The structure of American 0.45 inch M 1928A 1 submachine gun is basically the same as that of earlier M 192 1 submachine gun. adopt
H-shaped delay unlocking mechanism with complicated structure: There is an annular cooling groove on the barrel and sawtooth vibration reduction on the muzzle.
Equipment; The hammer is movable, and the hammer is triangular; The manual safety is above the left side of the handle, and the reducer is close to the manual safety; Ammunition supply
With 20/30 magazines or 50/ 100 drums.
Finnish submachine gun
The first submachine gun designed and produced in Finland was designed by the famous weapon designer Emofen, a native material, Ledi.
The 7.65mm Su Mi M 1926 submachine gun (see Figure 4) had many distinctive features and was the most famous in the world at that time.
One of the submachine guns is pregnant with milk and a sheath. Six bullets.
The barrel body is easy to disassemble; There is a special buffer to manually adjust the firing rate; The puller handle is located in the stock under the gear box.
The reducer is on the right side of the stock, which can control single shot, continuous shot and safety; The early product was a movable needle, and by the end of the 1920s.
Change the needle? Have you run out of tea? Mm Su Mi M 193 1 submachine gun, but only M 1926 submachine gun was kept.
With detachable bucket and handle, the bolt is basically a brand-new design, similar to Thomson and Sue's bolt.
Soviet submachine gun
At first, the Soviet Union designed 9mm Tallinn M 1923 assault charge, imitating German patents (mainly MP 18I submachine guns).
Guns; Then the 7.62mm tokarev M 1926 submachine gun was designed by ourselves, but it was not used because of its unsatisfactory performance.
In order to produce the German MP28 submachine gun, the 9mm caliber was changed to 7.62mm, and the light weapon designer Vasily Fang
Is Wan Dou afraid of leeches?
According to the characteristics of submachine guns in Finland and Germany, a 7.62 mppd 1934/38 submachine gun was designed.
There are three models of PPD 1934/38 submachine gun: I-type shell throwing window is narrow in front of the camera, and II-type shell throwing window is wide.
Window, type ⅲ changes the cooling holes of gun barrel from 8 to 3 in each row? * * * each takes what he needs? Glutinous? Hey? Is it enough? Step by step, firing 7.62 mm tokarev and 7.63 mm Mao Se pistol bullets; 25 rounds of magazines and 7 1 round were used (73 rounds in the previous period).
Drum; The reducer is in front of the trigger in the trigger guard ring.
Spanish submachine gun
Because of the outstanding performance of submachine guns in the civil war, the Spaniards realized the important role of submachine guns, and Golat designed this submachine gun.
9mmmmx1935 submachine gun; "Star" brand Co., Ltd. produces "Star" brand in bonifacio, echeverria.
Type SI35, RU35 and TN35 9mm submachine guns are collectively referred to as 35 series submachine guns.
(1) Spanish 9mmx1935 submachine gun
The overall design is similar to the German Bergman MP34/I long-barrel submachine gun, but the internal structure is different, which belongs to the traditional design.
Rice; The uniqueness lies in the long aiming baseline.
(2) Spanish 9mm Star brand 35 series submachine guns.
The structure of 35 series SI35, RU35 and TN35 submachine guns is basically the same, but the theoretical firing rate is different. Semi-free bolt
Unique structure, consisting of machine body, locking block, lifting block and translation hammer. Is it enough? Title? Fingerprints?
French submachine gun
1924 the French army artillery technical equipment bureau designed a 9mmSTA 1924 submachine gun, which was actually made in Germany.
Imitation MP 18I submachine gun. 7.65mmETVS submachine gun was successfully developed in the mid-1930s, although its structure and performance are integrated.
Generally, it is the earliest folding wooden support submachine gun in the world.
Submachine guns from other countries
At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the lack of understanding of the tactical status of submachine guns in other countries, submachine guns in this period came into being.
The development is relatively slow, and the scope of use and the number of equipment are very limited. In particular, the British are very concerned about this charge.
The artillery tactical response was slow, and it didn't wake up until 1940 was in danger of a large-scale German attack.
The Spanish civil war from 1936 to 1938 ignited the "fuse" of submachine guns, and most countries learned from it.
Recognizing the role of submachine guns opened the prelude to the large-scale use of submachine guns in World War II.
Several characteristics of submachine guns at the beginning of this century
(1) is developing slowly? What about the ditch? What's the matter with you, auntie? The exam fee is always? Retreat? Sword? What happened? (2) The structure is complex. Complex structure is one of the shortcomings of the first generation submachine guns, such as the launching mechanism of Spanish 35 series submachine guns.
And the "H"-shaped delay unlocking mechanism of American M 1928A 1 submachine gun and Finnish M 1926 submachine gun is complicated.
Movable hammer, snail drum of German MP 18I submachine gun, shell throwing funnel of Italian M 19 18 submachine gun.
There are submachine guns with tripods and so on.
(3) the size is too large? Hey? What's the matter with you? What's the matter with you? KMO submachine gun without spear.
The total length is 1025mm, and the spear is 1295mm, which is much larger than the size of modern submachine guns.
(4) it is heavier. For example, the Italian Perosa submachine gun has a mass of 6.5kg, and if loaded, it is 7.4kg；; Even the most famous beauty
China's M 1928A 1 submachine gun has an empty gun mass of 4.9kg, which is heavier than modern rifles.
(5) High cost. The parts of this generation of submachine guns are mostly machined, and the structure is complex, which will inevitably lead to labor costs.
Time cost is high.
(6) Inconvenient disassembly and assembly and poor reliability. Although there are some submachine guns with simple disassembly and assembly (such as MP 18I), they are always
Generally speaking, most submachine guns have the disadvantage of inconvenient disassembly; Moreover, the more complex the structure, the more parts and the more reliable it is.
Pity.
(7) laid a foundation for the development of submachine guns in the future? Do you have a good relationship with Gu? Do you want to know about the amine? Slow, but judging from its structural characteristics, not only some excellent and famous submachine guns have appeared, but also some novel and ingenious designs have been designed.
The wonderful structure provides a very valuable reference for the development of submachine guns in the future. Especially the German MP 18I submachine gun, this
All kinds of submachine guns that have appeared in the world since the century have left their shadows more or less. ◆