The fourth industrial revolution is coming, and artificial intelligence has gradually entered reality from science fiction. Since 1956 first put forward the concept of artificial intelligence, the development of artificial intelligence has experienced ups and downs. With the breakthrough of core algorithms, the rapid improvement of computing power, and the support of massive Internet data, artificial intelligence finally ushered in a qualitative leap in the second decade of 2 1 century and became the focus of science and technology attracting worldwide attention. Since AIphaGo defeated Li Shishi on 20 16, the global excitement and worries about the development of artificial intelligence are inevitably intertwined.
Even so, countries all over the world have realized that artificial intelligence is the key stage of competition among countries in the future, so they began to deploy artificial intelligence development strategies in order to occupy the historical high point of a new round of scientific and technological revolution. For China, the development of artificial intelligence is a historic strategic opportunity, which is crucial to alleviate the pressure of population aging in the future, meet the challenge of sustainable development and promote the transformation and upgrading of economic structure.
This paper describes the development of artificial intelligence in China from the aspects of scientific and technological output and talent input, industrial development and market application, development strategy and policy environment.
Scientific and technological output and talent input
1. Paper output: The total number of artificial intelligence papers and the number of highly cited papers in China ranks first in the world. China's global share of papers in the field of artificial intelligence rose from 4.26% in 1997 to 27.68% in 20 17, far ahead of other countries. Colleges and universities are the absolute main force in the output of artificial intelligence papers. Among the top 100 universities in the world, 87 are universities. The output of artificial intelligence papers from top universities in China is outstanding all over the world. Moreover, China's highly cited papers show a rapid growth trend, surpassing the United States to become the first in the world in 20 13 years. However, in the global enterprise paper output ranking, only State Grid Corporation ranks among the top 20 in the world. From the perspective of discipline distribution, computer science, engineering and automatic control system are the disciplines with the largest distribution of artificial intelligence papers. The influence of international cooperation on the output of artificial intelligence papers is very obvious. The proportion of high-level papers published in China through international cooperation is as high as 42.64%.
2. Patent application: The number of patents in China is slightly ahead of that in the United States and Japan, and the performance of State Grid is outstanding. China has become the country with the largest number of artificial intelligence patents in the world, slightly ahead of the United States and Japan, which account for 74% of the total patents in the world. Global patent applications mainly focus on the subdivision directions such as speech recognition, image recognition, robotics and machine learning. Among the top 30 institutions in China with artificial intelligence patents, the performance of scientific research institutes is equivalent to that of universities and enterprises, and their technological inventions account for 52% and 48% respectively. The performance of major patentees in enterprises varies greatly. In particular, the artificial intelligence related technologies of China State Grid have developed rapidly in the past five years, and the number of patented technologies in China is much higher than that of other patentees, ranking fourth among global enterprises.