Carbon, carbon
& ampNbsp
Carbon and graphite materials are nonmetallic solid materials with carbon as the main element, in which carbon materials are basically composed of non-graphite carbon, while graphite materials are basically composed of graphite carbon. For simplicity, carbon and graphite materials are sometimes referred to as carbon materials (or carbon materials).
Carbon products can be divided into graphite electrode, carbon block, graphite anode, carbon electrode, paste, electric carbon, carbon fiber, special graphite, graphite heat exchanger and so on. Graphite electrodes can be divided into ordinary power graphite electrodes according to the allowable current density. High power electrode, ultra high power electrode. Carbon blocks can be divided into blast furnace carbon blocks, aluminum carbon blocks and electric furnace carbon blocks. According to the processing depth, carbon products can be divided into carbon products, graphite products, carbon fiber and graphite fiber. Carbon products can be divided into graphite products, carbon products, carbon fiber and special graphite products according to different raw materials and production processes. According to the ash content, carbon products can be divided into multi-ash products and low-ash products (the ash content is lower than 1%).
The national technical standards and ministerial technical standards of carbon products in China are classified according to different uses and different production processes. This classification method basically reflects the different uses and production processes of products, and is also convenient for accounting, so its calculation method also adopts this classification standard. The following introduces the classification and description of carbon products.
I charcoal and graphite products
(1) graphite electrode
It is mainly made of petroleum coke and needle coke as raw materials and coal tar pitch as binder through calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, graphitization and mechanical processing. It is a conductor that releases electric energy in the form of arc to heat and melt the charge. According to its quality index, it can be divided into ordinary power, high power and ultra-high power. The graphite electrode includes:
(1) universal power graphite electrode. It is allowed to use graphite electrode with current density lower than 17A//cm2, which is mainly used in common electric furnaces such as steelmaking, silicon smelting and yellow phosphorus smelting.
(2) Oxidation-resistant coated graphite electrode. The graphite electrode coated with anti-oxidation protective layer forms a protective layer which is both conductive and resistant to high-temperature oxidation, thus reducing the electrode consumption during steelmaking.
(3) High power graphite electrode. It is allowed to use graphite electrode with current density of 18 ~ 25a/cm2, which is mainly used for high-power electric arc furnace for steelmaking.
(4) Ultra-high power graphite electrode. It is allowed to use graphite electrode with current density greater than 25A//cm2. Mainly used in ultra-high power steelmaking electric arc furnace.
(II) Graphite anode
It is mainly made of petroleum coke as raw material and coal tar pitch as binder through calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, impregnation, graphitization and mechanical processing. It is generally used as a conductive anode of electrolytic equipment in electrochemical industry. Including:
(1) Various anode plates for chemical industry.
(2) Various anode rods.
(3) Special graphite
It is mainly made of high-quality petroleum coke as raw material and coal tar pitch or synthetic resin as binder through raw material preparation, batching, kneading, tabletting, crushing, re-kneading, molding, multiple roasting, multiple impregnation, purification, graphitization and processing. Generally used in aerospace, electronics and nuclear industry.
It includes spectrally pure graphite, high purity, high strength, high density and pyrolytic graphite.
(4) Graphite heat exchanger
An impermeable graphite products for heat exchange is made by processing artificial graphite into required shape and then impregnating and curing it with resin. It is a heat exchange device made of artificial impermeable graphite, which is mainly used in chemical industry. Including:
(1) block hole heat exchanger;
(2) radial heat exchanger;
(3) falling film heat exchanger;
(4) Tube heat exchanger.
(5) carbon electrode
Conductive electrode is made of carbonaceous materials such as anthracite, metallurgical coke (or petroleum coke) as raw materials, coal tar pitch as binder, and sintered without graphitization. It is not suitable for electric furnaces for smelting high-grade alloy steel. Including:
(l) Multi-ash electrode (electrode made of anthracite, metallurgical coke and pitch coke);
(2) Regenerated electrodes (electrodes made of artificial graphite and natural graphite);
(3) carbon resistor strips (i.e. carbon checker bricks);
(4) Carbon anode (prebaked anode made of petroleum coke);
(5) baking the electrode blank.
(6) carbon block
It is made of anthracite and metallurgical coke as main raw materials and coal tar pitch as binder through raw material preparation, batching, mixing, molding, roasting and processing. Among them, blast furnace carbon blocks are used as high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials to build blast furnace lining; The bottom carbon block, side carbon block and electric furnace carbon block are used in aluminum reduction cells and ferroalloy electric furnaces. Including:
(1) blast furnace carbon block;
(2) Carbon blocks of aluminum cans (bottom carbon blocks and side carbon blocks);
(3) electric furnace carbon block.
(7) Charcoal paste
It is made of petroleum coke, anthracite and metallurgical coke as main raw materials and coal tar pitch as binder. Some are used as electrode pastes of various continuous self-baking electric furnaces as conductive electrodes; Some are used as anode paste for continuous self-baking aluminum reduction cells and as conductive anodes; Some are used as fillers for blast furnace masonry and coarse joint paste and fine joint paste for refractory mud. Although the use of self-baking carbon blocks for blast furnace is different, the production process is similar to that of paste products, and they are temporarily listed as paste products. Including:
(1) anode paste;
(2) electrode paste (including standard and non-standard electrode paste);
(3) Base slurry (including base slurry with more ash and less ash);
(4) sealing paste (including sealing paste with more ash and less ash);
(5) Other slurry (including coarse seam slurry, fine seam slurry, self-baking carbon brick, etc.). ).
(8) Non-standard carbon and graphite products.
This refers to all kinds of special-shaped carbon and graphite products made from carbon and graphite products through further processing. Including shovel anode, fluoride anode and various special-shaped products such as crucibles, plates, rods and blocks.
(9) Impermeable graphite
This refers to all kinds of graphite special-shaped products made of resin and various organic substances, including the matrix block of heat exchanger.
(10) electric carbon products
This refers to carbon rods, brushes and other products.
Second, carbon fiber
Include all kinds of carbon fiber, graphite fiber, preoxidized fiber, carbon fiber cloth, carbon tape, carbon rope, carbon felt and their composite materials. Among them, carbon fiber is the fiber with carbon content higher than 93%. It is carbonized by polypropylene fiber, viscose filament and asphalt fiber. Heat-resistant fiber, carbonized fiber and graphite fiber can be made from low to high heat treatment temperature.