In fact, there are too many commercial and non-commercial ones.
This is the typical system given in the encyclopedia.
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Typical system
UNIX UNIX is a powerful multi-user and multi-task operating system, which supports multiprocessor architecture and belongs to time-sharing operating system according to the classification of operating systems. UNIX was originally created by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at 1969 in the development of Bell Labs at&T.
Unix (Unix-like operating system refers to various traditional Unix (such as SUN's System V, BSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris) and various systems similar to traditional Unix (such as Minix, Linux, QNX, etc.). Although some of them are free software and some are commercial software, they all inherit the characteristics of the original UNIX to a considerable extent, have many similarities, and all abide by POSIX specifications to a certain extent. Since Unix is a registered trademark of Open Group, it refers to the operating system that abides by the behavior defined by this company. Unix-like usually refers to the original.
Unix and Unix-like Genealogy Trees
Operating systems before Unix contain more functions. Unix-like systems can run under a variety of processor architectures, and have a high utilization rate on server systems, such as workstations in universities or engineering applications.
Some Unix variants, such as HP-UX of HP and AIX of IBM, are designed only for their own hardware products, while SUN's Solaris can be installed on their own hardware or x86 computers. Mac OS X of Apple Computer is a micro-kernel BSD system derived from NeXTSTEP, Mach and FreeBSD***. This OS replaced the MAC OS of non-Unix family in the early days of Apple Computer. Linux Linux is a multi-user and multi-task operating system introduced by 199 1 in the 20th century. It is fully compatible with UNIX. Linux was originally a kernel program of an operating system developed by Linux Torvaids, a student of computer science department of Helsinki University in Finland, on the basis of UNIX. Linux is designed to be used more effectively on Intel microprocessors. Later, at the suggestion of richard stallman, it was released under the GNU General Public License and became a Unix variant of free software. Its biggest feature is that it is a free and open source operating system, and the open source code and kernel source code can be freely disseminated. [4]
After several years' efforts, the free and open source Linux system has gradually eroded the professional fields of patented software in the past, such as the previous calculation.
The IRIX system of ──SGI, a computer animation giant, has been replaced by Project No.9 and Inferno system designed by Linux family and Bell Labs R&D team, both of which are used in distributed expression environment. they don't
Unlike other Unix systems, I choose to bring my own graphical user interface. Plan 9 was not popular at first.
A popular Linux distribution-Ubuntu desktop
Because it was not free software when it was first introduced. Later, after the release of Lucent Public License, a free and open source software license, a large number of users and communities began to emerge. Inferno has been sold to Vita Nuova and distributed under the license of GPL/MIT. Linux has various distributions, usually GNU/Linux. As a personal computer operating system or a server operating system, Linux has become the mainstream operating system on the server. Linux is also widely used in embedded systems, and Android operating system based on Linux kernel has become the most popular smartphone operating system in the world. Mac OS X Mac OS X is the latest MAC OS version of Apple Macintosh operating system software. Mac OS is a set that runs on Apple.
Mac OS X desktop
fruit
Operating system on Macintosh series computers. Mac OS is the first successful graphical user interface in the business field. The Macintosh team includes Bill Atkinson (Bill
Atkinson), Jeff Ruskin and andy hertzfeld. Mike OS x 20065438+0
Launched for the first time in the mall. It consists of two main parts: Darwin, based on BSD source code and Mach microkernel, similar to Unix.
Open source environment, adopted by Apple Computer, and further developed in cooperation with independent developers; And a copyrighted GUI developed by Apple Computer Company, named Aqua. Windows is a successful operating system developed by Microsoft. Windows is a multitasking operating system. It uses a graphical window interface, and users can perform various complicated operations on the computer by clicking the mouse. [4]
Microsoft
Windows series operating system is a graphical operating system based on MS-DOS designed by Microsoft for IBM machines. Current Windows system, such as Windows.
Both 2000 and Windows XP were created in modern Windows.
NT kernel. The NT kernel is borrowed from OS/2 and OpenVMS. Windows can run on 32-bit and 64-bit Intel and AMD processors, but it is too early.
Version can also run on DEC Alpha, MIPS and PowerPC architectures.
Although the market share of Windows declined due to people's increasing interest in open source operating system, by 2004, Windows operating system had occupied the whole world.
90% of the desktop operating system market.
Windows system is also used for low-level and middle-level servers, and supports some functions such as database service of web service. Recently, Microsoft has spent a lot of R&D funds to enable Windows to run large enterprise programs.
Windows 8(3 sheets)
Windows XP was released on 200 1 year1October 25th, service pack 2 was released on August 24th, 2004, and the latest service pack 3 was released on April 24th, 2008. Microsoft's last operating system, Windows Vista (development code Longhorn), was released on June 30th, 2007. Windows Vista has added many functions, especially system security and network management, and it has a gorgeous interface Aero Glass. But on the whole, its reputation in the global market is not very good. The latest Windows 8 Microsoft was officially launched in June 20 12, and Microsoft announced that it would start the touch revolution. IOS iOS operating system is a handheld device operating system developed by Apple. Apple's earliest Mac was on June 9, 2007.
iOS 6
Announced at the World Congress, the system was originally designed for iPhone, and later applied to iPod touch, iPad and Apple TV.
On apple products. IOS and apple's Mac OS
Like the X operating system, it is also based on Darwin, so it belongs to a Unix-like commercial operating system. Initially, this system was called iPhone.
OS, until the WWDC conference on June 7, 20 10 announced its name change to iOS. As of 20111,according to the data of konas, iOS has occupied the global smartphone system.
The total market share is 30%, and the US market share is 43%. Android Android is an open source operating system based on Linux, which is mainly used for portable devices. There is no unification yet.
Android system (2 pieces)
Many people in Chinese mainland use "Android" or "An Zhi" as their names. The Android operating system was originally developed by Andy Rubin, and initially mainly supported mobile phones. In 2005, it was acquired and funded by Google, and open handset alliance was established to develop and improve it, and gradually extended to tablet computers and other fields. 20 1 1 In the first quarter, the global market share of Android surpassed Saipan system for the first time, ranking first in the world. According to the data of 20 12, 165438 10, Android accounts for 76% of the global smartphone operating system market and 90% in China. [5] Chrome OS Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system developed by Google, which has developed a cloud operating system closely integrated with the Internet.
Chrome OS desktop
Run the Web application at runtime. Google released the operating system on July 7th, 2009, and on June 9th, 2009 165438+ 10/9, launched the corresponding open source project in the name of Chromium OS, and opened the Chromium OS code. [6] Unlike the open source Chrome OS, the compiled Chrome OS can only be used on the specific hardware of the Google partner.
Chrome OS also supports Intel.
X86 and ARM processors, the software structure is extremely simple, which can be understood as a Chrome browser running a new window system on the kernel of Linux. For developers, the network is
It is a platform, all existing web applications can run perfectly in Chrome OS, and developers can also develop new web applications for it in different development languages. Gleasy Gleasy is a cloud service platform for individuals and enterprise users. It can log in through web pages and clients. At first glance, it is very close to the PC operating system, including cloud applications such as instant messaging, email, OA, network disk and office collaboration. Users can also install their own cloud applications through the app store. [7]
Gleasy consists of three levels in terms of "system": basic environment, system application, application store and open platform.
The basic environment is the basic environment for running and managing cloud applications, including Gleasy desktop, account management, G-currency recharge and consumption, and message center. [8]
The application of the system mainly includes online editing tools such as chat (instant messaging), letter (mailbox), disk (file cloud storage and online editing), contacts (business cards, friends' messages, personal homepage), notepad, forms, and auxiliary tools such as picture viewer and PDF reader.