From 1985 to 2003, the total number of patent applications accepted in China was more than 300,000, ranking first in the world. However, the conversion rate of patented technology owned by China is less than 10%, and the patent achievements of non-service inventors are even less sought after. On the one hand, enterprises are eager for patented technology, on the other hand, the conversion rate of achievements is low and industrialization cannot be realized. Today, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in China is still difficult, and the situation of non-post inventors is even more difficult.
"Beggar" in Science and Technology
According to the information held by the reporter, in Jilin Province, of the 760 patented inventions, more than 700 have not achieved economic benefits; Nearly 3,500 of the 5,000 inventors are heavily in debt. In the past 20 years, more than 50,000 patents have been registered in Hunan Province. At least 6,000 technical inventors are short of money, and 4,000 people are heavily in debt because of their inventions.
Why do patent inventors get poorer and poorer?
It is understood that under the current scientific and technological management system, many job inventors are unable to trade freely because they have fixed units, and their units (mostly scientific research institutions) lack the enthusiasm to actively participate in market transactions.
According to industry insiders, it involves many links to complete the whole transaction process and let buyers finally complete product marketing. These links include patent technology identification, technology comparison, production equipment investment, market prospect analysis and so on. If there is a problem in any link, both parties to the transaction will give up all their efforts.
This uncertainty in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements brings great risks to both parties to the transaction. This kind of risk can't be borne by individuals. Scientific research units are reluctant to trade because they are afraid of risks, and often seal scientific and technological achievements in their units.
In fact, the transaction of scientific and technological achievements may experience many failures, complicated legal disputes and unpredictable expenses. Scientific and technical personnel are not professional managers and negotiators. With the business knowledge possessed by patent holders and developers, it is quite difficult to fulfill the whole contract. Faced with these additional costs, scientific research institutions often prefer to seal up the results rather than take too much risk. In the case of unpredictable transaction costs and expected market returns, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can only be a chance, and failures lead to high debts from time to time.
Wang Yan, a member of the Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference and assistant to the president of the Hunan Academy of Science and Technology Research and Development, said frankly that the transformation of scientific and technological achievements has fallen into a strange circle. People engaged in scientific research and invention not only can't get rich, but some people are poor because they are engaged in research and development. "This problem doesn't just happen to individuals. Many enterprises, universities and scientific research units are generally faced with the problem of shortage of funds for research and development of new technologies. Some people joked that they are' beggars' in the scientific and technological community. "
Helping the poor is not a good thing.
Over the years, due to the defects in the cultivation of science and technology market system and misunderstandings, China's patent technology transformation has remained at a low level for a long time. Although the investment in scientific research funds is increasing every year, scientific research institutions still hope that the government can increase its support. When some enterprises and experts talk about the difficulties in transforming scientific and technological achievements, they always ask the government for money and policies.
In this regard, Feng, deputy director of the Regulation and Intellectual Property Department of the Policy, Regulation and System Reform Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said that the current policy orientation is being gradually adjusted, and the way of supporting enterprises will be gradually adjusted from direct financial support to emphasizing the creation of a more objective, fair and favorable competitive environment, emphasizing the independent innovation ability and self-development ability of enterprises. On the other hand, as the main body of the market economy, enterprises should also shift from relying mainly on government support to seeking market help more independently and actively. Feng believes that only enterprises with strong pioneering ability will have stronger market practice ability. That kind of "poverty alleviation" help is not good for enterprises. Enterprises that enjoy preferential policies will support them for a period of time, but as long as the preferential policies stop, enterprises may die in a short time, and those enterprises that survive on their own can stand the test of the market.
Wang also believes that the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements requires huge capital investment, and it is unrealistic to rely entirely on government support. Many state-owned enterprises and scientific research institutes are in trouble because the investment of enterprises and non-governmental organizations has not really started. "the transformation of scientific and technological achievements should be solved by using market principles more in management, rather than relying too much on the preferential policies of the government."
Industrial agglomeration control cost
According to experts' analysis, at present, there are a large number of domestic R&D institutions, and the results transactions are too scattered, which leads to the lack of market power of the results owners and the serious asymmetry of market information, making it difficult for investors to find the technology they need. "Research institutions lack incentives due to institutional problems, and each research institute faces a huge trading market. These factors are the fundamental reasons that restrict the transformation and trading of scientific and technological achievements. "
It can be seen that the obstacle to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is still the lack of market mechanism. How to speed up the construction of a system in which the state, enterprises and people actively participate in and jointly promote R&D industrialization? Wang believes that the solution is to gather the industries needed to form transactions and encourage enterprises to participate in organizing market transactions.
He analyzed that despite the strong market demand, there are too few sellers or too few market organizers engaged in results trading, resulting in a large demand for scientific and technological achievements but narrow space, and few real industrialization. Sometimes, a result has been waiting for more than ten years and no one cares. In this regard, the seller must effectively organize and provide products, services and communication tools according to the characteristics of the market; The buyer obtains reliable and complete information through the market organizer.
It is reported that the Shanghai Patent Office set up a "technology supermarket" in May this year to try to conduct centralized trading of scientific and technological achievements in a specific market.
Policies should focus on incentives and guidance.
Some experts in science and technology have felt that although the government has taken various measures to increase financial input, incentives and preferential policies in recent years, it has not well established a development model of scientific and technological transformation in line with China's characteristics.
Feng said that the current transformation policy of scientific and technological achievements still has the characteristics of the transition period of market economy, and the main support methods for enterprises are financial support and tax incentives. The future science and technology policy will shift from the decisive role of the government to giving full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, and the role of the government will mainly be to encourage and guide.
Experts in the industry suggest that in order to solve the current problem of scientific and technological achievements transformation, an integrated market for scientific and technological achievements transformation and industrialization should be established as soon as possible to form an environment where both buyers and sellers can realize transactions and transformation; Set up a special service company to trade scientific and technological achievements, and let the organizers of the scientific and technological market enter the market to organize the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In fact, such companies are basically the same as knowledge-based service companies in western developed countries; Provide more incentives for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, inventions and trading markets, and accelerate the transformation of achievements into productive forces.