Artificial earthworm breeding equipment is simple and easy to manage. Generally, medicinal earthworm can be cultivated in the front and back of the house, yard, old wooden box, waste barrel, basin, bamboo basket, brick pond and nursery. Earthworms can also be cultivated in vegetable fields, orchards, nurseries and other places. , can benefit from dual use.
(2) seed selection
According to different regions, different needs and different conditions, different varieties of earthworms are selected. Generally, it is easy to breed and adapt to local soil and climate conditions. For example, in areas with many vegetable gardens, orchards and nurseries, green earthworm culture can be selected, combined with field planting, which can not only improve soil fertility, promote plant yield, but also harvest earthworm animal protein feed.
If there are more old houses, more wasteland and less land, and there are urban residents, you can choose red earthworm breeding, using amateur or auxiliary labor and organic waste for breeding.
(3) Feeding method of earthworm
The rearing methods of earthworms can be determined according to their habits and uses, mainly including indoor rearing, outdoor stocking and large-scale industrial farming.
1. Indoor culture Indoor culture includes box culture, pit culture, pond culture and shed culture. Generally suitable for raising red earthworms.
(1) earthworm box feeding method:
Can be used for boxes, baskets, pots, cans, barrels, etc. , suitable for raising Eisenia foetida, such as Eisenia foetida, Daping No.2, Beixing No.2 and other red earthworms introduced from Japan. Earthworms like to live in rotten grass, compost, cattle and horse manure, rotten leaves, rotten vegetables, melons and fruits, as well as waste residue and domestic garbage from paper, fiber and food processing plants. Of course, the above-mentioned organic matter, garbage or horse manure must be fermented first, and only after the temperature drops can it be used as the basic material for raising earthworms.
Put the base material into a wooden box, bamboo basket, porcelain basin or brick pool, and then release the earthworm for reproduction. During cultivation, water is often sprayed to keep the humidity at 60%-70% (generally, it is appropriate to knead the dough by hand and let it spread), and straw mats, straw curtains and old sacks are used to cover the shade, which can grow normally at the temperature of 13-28℃.
(2) cultivating earthworms in pits and brick ponds:
Including pits, brick ponds, old pigsty, eaves, walls, corners of houses, all available places can be made of bricks and stones as breeding ponds. Except for essenia.
2. Field stocking method
Suitable for mulberry fields, vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries, feed fields, perennial economic plants, forest areas, fertile farmland with convenient irrigation and sufficient water. Generally suitable for raising green earthworms.
(1) Mulberry orchard cultivation method:
Mulberry orchards with relatively flat terrain can be irrigated and drained. Dig trenches 40 cm wide and 20-25 cm deep along rows of mulberry trees, and add preliminarily decomposed organic fertilizers, such as horse manure, straw, weeds, pig manure, sheep manure, dead leaves and rotten grass. Increase organic materials by about 5000-7500 kg per mu, and cover soil 10-65438+.
The number of bugs falling depends on species and individual size. Green manure or green feed can be planted between rows, and a drainage ditch can be opened every 5 rows. The water content is about 30%.
(2) Feed field culture method:
Including planting perennial green feed such as polymer grass and broad beans. When breeding, we should choose a flat feed field and open irrigation and drainage ditches every 10 row. Trenches with width of 15-20cm and depth of 15-20cm are opened between polymer grass rows, and organic feed is applied in the trenches, and the soil is covered by about 10cm, so that green earthworms can be put into cultivation. Always pay attention to irrigation or drainage to keep the soil water content at about 30%.
(3) Garden cultivation method:
The vegetable garden has sufficient water and fertilizer conditions and fine management, which is most conducive to the growth and reproduction of earthworms. In the vegetable garden where earthworms are cultivated, 7500- 10000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer or decomposed vegetables and garbage are applied per mu. After the vegetable seedlings are unearthed, earthworm seeds are added for reproduction. The application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and some pesticides should be reduced in vegetable garden cultivation. Adults can be harvested by stages in combination with vegetable management.
(4) Orchard cultivation method:
Using the open space under fruit trees to cultivate earthworms not only makes full use of the land, but also promotes the production of fruit trees. For example, raising green earthworms is similar to raising mulberries. If Eisenia foetida is cultivated, the decomposed cow, horse and pig manure with a width of 1.5-2m and a height of 0.4m are piled under the fruit trees as earthworm breeding beds, and walkways are left between each breeding bed, and a drainage ditch is opened for every two breeding beds. Cover the feed surface of the culture bed with straw or wheat straw. Keep the humidity 60%-70%. Cover with plastic film in rainy days to prevent rain from soaking.
(5) adopting the air-raid shelter cultivation method:
Urban air-raid shelter is the basement, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the surrounding humidity is high, which is suitable for breeding red earthworms. The culture method is the same as box culture and pit culture. You can light a lamp at night, which can not only prevent escape, but also have a certain light source that is conducive to the growth of earthworms.
3. Industrialized large-scale cultivation of earthworms
Mainly used for large-scale reproduction of Eisenia foetida.
This farming method must have a certain special site and facilities, including a whole set of equipment such as feed treatment plant, temperature control workshop, breeding bed, egg cocoon incubation bed, earthworm processing workshop, fertilizer treatment and packaging workshop, finished product laboratory and finished product warehouse. Of course, we can also adopt the method of decentralized culture and centralized treatment. For example, the breeding part can be distributed to collective or individual breeding, and the finished products can be processed or processed by the factory. The following focuses on aquaculture facilities.
(1) Feed treatment yard: It includes feed accumulation, fermentation or sorting and crushing, and the area depends on the scale.
(2) Breeding workshop: brick-wood structure or plastic shed can be used. The temperature is controlled at 18-28℃. Temperature control equipment can use the waste heat of boiler heating, solar water heaters or other factories to keep warm in winter. In summer, measures such as ventilation, water spraying, and reducing breeding piles can be taken to cool down. The width of the breeding workshop should be 4-5 meters. The width of the plastic shed is about 7 meters, and the length depends on the need, such as 30 meters, 60 meters or 100 meters, and the height is 2 meters.
(3) Seedbed: the width should be 1.5m, a low wall with a height of 40cm should be built on one side, and a small ridge with a height of 10cm should be set on the side near the walkway. The bed surface is slightly inclined, and the height of the inner side is slightly lower than that of the outer side, which is beneficial to the discharge of excess water in the feed. A hand-washing basin with a width of 25 cm and a depth of 25 cm is set around the breeding bed for water supply and drainage and prevention of rodent and ant hazards, and a walkway of 1.2 m is left between the two beds.
In the breeding workshop, feed fermenters can be arranged outside the two beds. In winter, fresh horse, cow and pig manure can be released, and the greenhouse temperature can be increased by using fermentation heat. It can be used as an egg cocoon incubation bed in summer.