At present, in addition to the specifications of the above patents, the US Patent Office also announced:
1. Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Founded in 1872, formerly known as Patent Office Report. At present, it is a weekly magazine, and the report content is:
The first part, all kinds of decrees, notices, changes in classification tables, the publication of rules, the adjudication and revocation of patent application cases and other related matters issued by the Patent and Trademark Office to the society.
The second part reports the contents of various patents: defensive announcement, re-announcement patent, plant patent and invention patent. These were originally published in the bulletin in abstract form, and now the main claims in the patent specification are published. Before July 1952, the arrangement form was arranged according to the patent number. Later, patents were divided into general and mechanical, chemical and electrical categories, and each category was arranged according to the classification number and patent number.
The last part is various indexes, such as patentee index, classified index, geographical index of inventor's residence, etc.
2. Index patents
It is an annual citation published by the U.S. Patent Office and the main reference book for the U.S. patent survey. Before 1965, it was published every year, including patentee index and classified index. Later, due to more and more patents, it was published in two volumes: the first part is the list of patentees. In alphabetical order by inventor and patentee. Name of inventor. Name of patentee: name of invention, patent number, date of approval, classification number and name of assignee. List under the name of the patentee: See (see) an inventor, patent number and classification number. The second part is the invention subject index. Before 1953, the indexes were arranged in alphabetical order by invention subject. Since 1953, it has been changed to classified index, but the original name is still used. The index only lists the patent numbers in the order of major category number and minor category number, without category name and theme. Only when you have an accurate classification number can you use it. This index can search related topics within a year. The classification index is divided into two parts, the first part is the original classification, and the second part is the cross-reference classification. The disadvantage of this book is its slow publication, which is generally 1~2 years later than the bulletin.
3. Classification manual.
It is an essential reference book for patent literature users to find American patents by classification. This table starts from 1837 and is revised and adjusted almost every year. It is the most detailed technical data classification table in the world at present.
Classified index is an alphabetical classified directory index for the convenience of finding classification numbers quickly.
Coordination between American patent classification and international patent classification: In order to strengthen international cooperation and exchange, the United States has marked appropriate IPC numbers on published patent specifications and patent bulletins since June 7, 1969, but it still mainly uses domestic patent classification numbers. This index is to help examiners and the public find IPC numbers quickly.
4. Unified index of chemical patents.
The index was published by IFI (Industrial Information) /Plenum Data Company of the United States and established in 1950. It is printed on loose-leaf paper and divided into two volumes:
(1) Patent Abstract Index: The contents reported in this index are exactly the same as those in the U.S. Patent Bulletin, except that the chemical-related patents in the United States within one year are listed separately and given an index number again. The United States patent number has reached seven digits, and this index number can be compiled to four digits at most, which is convenient for computer input and published once a quarter.
(2) Index Table of Unit Words: This table is published once every quarter, but last quarter contains the contents of last quarter. In the last quarter, all the contents of the whole year will be summarized, so every time subscribers receive an issue of the publication, they must eliminate the previous one and replace it with a new one. The content of the form is: 1, a common term, in duplicate. Its preparation method is to extract several units from each chemical patent (including materials) specification, ranging from a few to more than a hundred. Each unit word includes an index number (representing the patent number). 2. Compound terms. 3. Fragment terminology. 4. The patentee's assignee index. 5. Category code. 6. Inventor Index. 7. Comparison table of patent number and index number.
In addition, various patent review series published by Noyes Data Corporation (NDC for short) are very useful publications for collecting and understanding patent information on a certain subject. The classification principle of American patents is very special, and its main features are:
1. Functional classification principle. Many categories (mainly machinery) are classified according to the functions of things themselves, and they belong to various functional categories. For example, category 242 "Winding and Rewinding" includes various winding devices, such as motors, textile machines and wire turntables.
2. Adopt hierarchical classification, that is, within each category, further subdivide several hierarchical subcategories according to the theme. The first category is called main sub-category, under which different points are used to represent different subdivision levels. Each subclass has an independently written title, and the class number consists of numbers and letters (temporary). If the classification number consists of a large classification number and a small classification number, the two are separated by a "-"sign, such as 5-3. You can't see the relationship between the classification level and the upper and lower categories only from the classification number, and you can only know its meaning by reading the detailed category list in the classification table.
Example: Patent Classification List
Category V: Bed
First-class five-class beds
Category II 1 Miscellaneous
2R combination future
Class 2b ... bed is combined with sliding and rotating cabinets.
Class 3, level 3. Table bed
Class 4, Class 4 .. Fold the edge.
5.。 Closed folding bed
6.。 Closed floating bed
7.。 Sofa form
8 Nested, Double and Stacked
9R bunks and bunks
9B。 . Double layer, two aligned vertical surfaces
As the above example, the small class 1 is the second class, 3 is the third class, and 4 is the fourth class, with at most 7 classes. Categories at all levels are subordinate to their upper levels, so the meaning of the lower level should be judged by the meaning of the upper level. If the classification number 7 belongs to 3, 3 belongs to 2R, and 2R belongs to 5, if you want to know the complete meaning of the American classification number 5-7. Then the words 5, 2R, 3 and 7 must be combined, meaning "desk and sofa bed combined furniture".
3. In the classification table, it is often irregular that large numbers are inserted in front of or in the middle of small numbers, and there are also decimal points behind the category numbers, such as 123- 142.5, which is a newly expanded category and also reflects the disorder of the American classification system. The contents reflected by adjacent numbers of categories are irrelevant, but the contents close to each other are far apart, such as the classification number of furniture:
The category number of "bed" is 5, "chair" is 297, "spring pad" is 267 and "cabinet" is 3 12.
4. The semicolon changes frequently, and the amount of modification is about 5% every quarter. The U.S. Patent Office will issue a "replacement page" every three months for the category pages whose contents have changed. After receiving this "replacement page", the subscriber can remove the old page or append it to the front of the old page. Pay attention to the year and month published in the header corner of the classification table when using it. In addition, the examiners of the US Patent Office have the right to modify or add temporary subdivision categories when processing applications. The specific method is to add English letters after the original small category number, and these temporary category numbers will disappear immediately after the new category number is determined.
These characteristics of American patent classification bring many difficulties to readers' retrieval, which requires users to have a high level of professional knowledge and be familiar with the classification system of American patents.
In order to find the classification number of American patents conveniently, we can use the index to classify them. The index is arranged in alphabetical order by category name, and the size category number is given on the right side of category name, which can be used for verification in patent classification manual. The disadvantage of this index is that it was not published in time. 1. Search using the U.S. Patent Gazette.
Steps:
1. Analyze the topic and determine the key words;
2. Use the index to classify, and find the big category number and the small category number according to the order of keywords;
3. According to the order of classification numbers, use the classification manual for verification. If it can be subdivided, the classification number of the lower category should be used;
4. In the annual patent index (patent index: a partial index of invention subject) or the general index of patent classification, the patent number can be found according to the American patent classification number, or in the classified index in the official Grazette;
5. At this time, according to the patent number, the abstract can be found in the bulletin of the patent office in the current year in the order of the patent number;
6. Ask for a patent specification. After screening, select the relevant patent content and patent number, and ask the collection unit for the specification of American patents.
If you want to start with the patentee or inventor, you must use the patentee index in the patent office announcement.
2. Use chemical unit word index
Any subject in chemical industry (including material industry) can be directly searched by chemical unit word index.
(1) First, determine the keywords (unit words) according to the topic. For example, the topic "extreme pressure lubricant for gears" can choose the keywords "extreme pressure lubricant" and "gear";
(2) Using the common terminology part of the unit word index, you can find them under two keywords respectively:
Extreme pressure lubricant
1580 6 1 1 18 12 3953 7724 1965 2486 287 458 1579
1970 158 1 4592 8 1232 155 457 1 188 2969
2390 197 1 5602 978326652077
4 170 378 1 3 105
8 1204335
gear
5250 197 156023953 3084 1965 5396 2767458 1409
8 120365 14603772420 157386 14683439
378 152832845 83068938 3559
5 18 1 433596069738
4845
* Note: No vertical line is drawn in the above table:
(3) From these two keywords, we can find that there are 10 index numbers.
Using the "patent number index", the above index number can be converted into the corresponding patent number, and then the patent bulletin or patent specification can be consulted according to the obtained patent number.
Japanese patent documents and their retrieval Japanese patent specifications are called "bulletins", which are full-text collections of various Japanese patent specifications. There are six forms: from 1885 (Meiji 18), the Patent Bulletin published more important inventions, commonly known as big patents; The bulletin of practical new cases (Meiji 38) began to publish small creations and new designs in structure and form, which were equivalent to practical models, commonly known as small patents; Public concession notice (1888) and trademark notice (1884) published design and trademark design respectively.
The publication of Japanese patent specifications is different from other countries, mainly including:
1. publish a bound volume (except the official gazette)
The Gazette mentioned the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). From June of 1978 to June of 1 year, 18 months have passed since the priority application date. In international public norms, the designated countries include Japan. According to the provisions of the treaty, the translation should be submitted to the patent office of the designated country within 20 months from the date of application. The Japanese Patent Office published these Japanese translations through the Bulletin of the Articles of Association of the Open Form and the Bulletin of the Practical New Case of the Open Form. Japanese who apply for an international patent through PCT no longer need to deliver the translation to the Japan Patent Office or publish it in the bulletin of the public table, but publish another publication entitled "International Public Japanese Patent Based on Patent Cooperation Treaty" and "Registration of Practical New Cases".
2. Published in volumes according to the industrial scope.
After 1950, it was published in 7 industrial sectors (7 volumes), and each industrial sector included several categories in the Japanese patent classification table. Due to more volumes, July 1972 was changed to 14 volume (14 volume). 1980 was published in 26 volumes, and each volume was classified according to the international patent classification table. The announcement of the public form indicates the number of the department and branch.
* Note: Here is a table (24 1 page):
3. The cover and catalogue of various announcements.
Showa 57 (1982) released on July 2nd.
Special needs Bao gong
57( 1982)-779[229 12]
Gate 6
The second difference (optics: appearance: influence
6(2)-3 1( 15 1)
Offer announcement: Zhao 57-31121~ 31160.
Japan patent office
Cover: If "Showa 57 (1982) 7.2 Release" appears, it means the release date is1982 July 2;
57 (1982 ~ 779 [22912] is the 779th volume published by1982 (Showa 57); 1950 volume 22912;
6(2)~3 1[5 12] is the 3 1 volume published in the second volume of part 6 that year, and it is the 5 12 volume published since the implementation of the 26th volume of part 7 of 1980.
"Concession Voting Announcement Zhao 57 ~ 311~ 31160" is the starting and ending announcement number;
Table of Contents: Example:
* Note: Here is a table (below page 243):
If there is the word "trial" before WeChat official account, it means that the announcement instruction decides to announce it after the trial;
"Please": indicates that a request for review of the prospectus has been made;
"Before": after preliminary examination, it is decided to make an announcement;
"Work": technology to prevent public hazards.
The patentee has the intention to transfer the patent right and license it. ※:
"International": publishing the international patent application filed through PCT. The Japanese patent classification shows that it was formulated by 1893, and it has been revised many times so far, and there are also many versions in various publishing institutions in Japan. Generally, in front of the "classification table", there is a classification table of industry departments that publish and announce new cases of franchising and public utilities, as well as a general catalogue of classification tables.
Japanese Patent Classification Table adopts hierarchical classification method according to the concept of applied technology. For example:
* Note: Here is a table (244 pages):
The specific classification number is written as "Grade I+Grade II+Fine Classification Number". For example, the Japanese patent classification number of "Drainage and Purification Equipment" is 9 1C9 1 1.
From 1980 65438+ 10/month, the Japanese Patent Classification Table was discontinued and changed to the International Patent Classification Table. When using IPC numbers, individual subclasses and individual class numbers are supplemented in the form of "identification marks". For example, the "auxiliary class number" added in C02F is the class number added in Japanese IPC. Its purpose is to classify functional concepts and application concepts and use them together to make retrieval more accurate and more suitable for Japanese classification. Both of them are composed of three uppercase English letters, such as CCK and CCL. For example, C02F 1/46 has three class numbers: 10 1, 102, 103. It is also an "extended class number" added for subdivision. As shown in the Japanese IPC:
C02F water. waste water
__ __
Auxiliary category number
Scope of application1/00-11/20
CCK。 Oily substance
Copper clad laminate ... mineral oil
：
：
__ __
1/00 water. Sewage treatment.
1/02. heat it up.
：
：
In order to facilitate the comparison between Japanese patent classification number and IPC number, Japan Patent Information Center has published the Japanese patent classification international patent classification comparison table (Japanese privileged classification international privileged classification comparison table). There are two kinds of Japanese patent retrieval tools: index and abstract. You can use the index independently, that is, look up the patent announcement number from the index and directly consult the bulletin to obtain the patent specification. It can also be used in combination with the abstract, that is, look up the patent announcement number from the index, then refer to the abstract, and then refer to the bulletin after screening to obtain the full text of the patent specification.
1. patent index
There are three indexes for searching patent announcements of licenses and practical new cases: periodic, annual and cumulative years.
The index of the International Patent and Utility Model Standard (Express Edition) is called "Japan" when adopting the Japanese patent classification number (before 1979).
The standard index of this licensed practical new case (quick edition) is bimonthly. Before the publication of the annual index, the index was mainly used for retrieval. The content is divided into two parts: "publishing franchise" (officially approved patent) and "publishing franchise" (patent application published in advance without approval). Each part includes two parts: classification index and applicant index. Its classification index style is as follows:
* Note: Here is a table (246 pages):
Column 1: IPC number. The note after the number is:
Main Classification Number (First Invention Information)
①: Classification number of minor invention patents.
"Reference ①": the first reference classification number.
"Xiang": supplementary classification number
Column 2: Patent announcement number or publication number is the number extracted by Japan Patent Office when it publishes the patent specification in four forms for public consideration. After formal approval, the patent number will be given, but the patent specification will not be published. The Japanese patent number extracted from abstracts of various countries is actually the announcement number or WeChat official account. If the searcher finds the official patent number from other channels, he must also use the "patent number and announcement number comparison table" to convert the patent number into the announcement number in order to find the patent specification. The comparison table is generally published in the Bulletin of the Franchise Office. The word "please" before WeChat official account indicates that the application for public invention has been submitted to the Patent Office for examination.
The third column: the first invention classification number of the invention. If the first column "IPC number" of the invention is "Fa", this column is empty;
The fourth column: the topic of invention. In the parentheses after the invention name in the index of foreigners, besides the priority country code and priority date, there is also the priority application number, such as (US1976-9-07) (721124), namely the United States. The priority application date is1September 7, 976, and the priority application number is 72 1 124.
Box 5: Name of the applicant
The Yearbook of Japanese Franchise Comprehensive Index and the Yearbook of Public Franchise Practice New Case Index are the annual cumulative editions published in the standard index respectively, while the General Catalogue of Franchise Classification and the General Catalogue of Practice New Cases are the multi-year cumulative indexes.
2. Patent Abstracts
There are two kinds of abstracts for reporting patent abstracts published by Japan Patent Office: one is a collection of licensed practical new cases, which reports the patents that have been officially approved. Including the Charter Bulletin and the Bulletin of Practical New Cases; The other is "Transcription of Public Concession", which reports unauthorized and early public concession announcements and actual new case announcements.
The Collection of Licensed Practical New Cases is a periodical with 36 issues every year, and each issue reports the header, invention name, rights and main drawings of the instructions of the license bulletin and the practical new case bulletin published within 10 days. In front of Keppel, there is a page table basically arranged in the order of categories, and then there is a catalogue of franchise announcements and a catalogue of practical new cases arranged in the order of announcement numbers, including announcement numbers, classification numbers, application numbers, invention names and applicant countries.
The main contents of Jibao are arranged according to the classification number (Japanese patent classification number is 1979, IPC number is after 1979). First, the license, and then the actual new cases, in order of announcement number. "Jibao" can be directly retrieved by classification number, but it must be noted that all cross-category classification numbers must be found, otherwise there will be omissions. Because its content arrangement only appears in the main classification (the classification number of the first invention), it will not be repeated at the cross-category number. In addition, be careful not to confuse the franchise announcement number with the actual new case announcement.
Transcription of public concession willingness is the abstract of public concession announcement specification. The publishing method corresponds to the Public Chartered Bulletin, and it is also published according to the industrial sector. Each volume contains 65,438+000 abstracts of public inventions. The abstract of each volume is preceded by a directory index of inventions included in this volume, which is arranged in the order of WeChat official account and classification number; In the part, there are three abstracts of public licenses every day, including all descriptions, abstracts and main drawings.
3. General retrieval methods
There are three ways to find patent information by using Japanese patent index and abstract: classification, patentee method and patent number method. Here is an example to illustrate the search method of classification method.
Example: Manufacturing method of flame retardant epoxy resin
(1) analysis topic, IPC number is C08G58/ 18 from IPC table.
(2) Use the title index or the "classification index" in the index yearbook to find the patent announcement number or WeChat official account under this number. As can be seen from the Announcement:
International Franchise Classification AnnouncementNo. Invention Name
C08G59/ 1842972 Flame-retardant epoxy resin composition
(3) According to the serial number of this announcement, refer to the first page table of the Classified Index of Franchised Announcement of this volume, and it can be known that the abstract and patent specification are published in the fascicles indicated by the following items:
Release date, year, serial number, department and general serial number.
10 day (wood)10743 (3)-79 (728) 3063042921~
(4) According to the announcement serial number 4292 1~ and the announcement date, find out the "Jibao" that published the patent abstract No.42927. Because the Standard Index is a biweekly newspaper and Jibao is a fast newspaper, the serial numbers and publication dates of the two newspapers are inconsistent, so it must be searched from September to 10. If the franchise start-stop number is 4276 1~44400 on the cover of the current issue of Jibao on June 0 10, you can find the above patent abstract No.42927.
(5) Turn to the Catalogue of Keppel Franchise Announcement in this issue and find the classification number under No.42927 as follows:
c08g 59/ 18； c08k 3/ 10； c08l 63/00； H0 1L23/30. So the first category number C08G59/ 18 is the main category number, and the others are sub-category numbers. The abstract of Keppel is below the main category number, so you can find the abstract.
According to the serial number of the announcement, the patent specification can be found in the Charter Gazette.