The Song Dynasty (960- 1279) is an era in the history of China, connecting the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the Yuan Dynasty. According to the changes of the capital and territory, it can be further divided into the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, which are collectively called the two Song Dynasties.
The Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) was a dynasty in the history of China. It was founded in Zhao Kuangyin, and Kaifeng is its capital. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it is called Song. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty ended the separatist regime since the end of the Tang Dynasty, ruled the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the vast areas south of it, and realized the unification of most parts of China. However, due to the strength of Liao, Jin, Xixia and other countries at the same time as the Song Dynasty, the regime of the Northern Song Dynasty has been under the threat of foreign enemies. 1 127, the Jin army broke through Kaifeng and took away the two emperors, Hui and Qin, which was known as the "Jingkang Revolution" and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.
During the Southern Song Dynasty (1 127- 1279), Song Gaozong Zhao Gou (the ninth son of Song Huizong) rebuilt the Song Dynasty in Lin 'an (present-day Hangzhou), which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history, bordering the Jin Dynasty on Huaishui (present-day Huaihe River) in the east and Dasanguan in the west. Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with Xixia, Jin Dynasty and Dali.