1872 One day, in a hotel in California, there was a heated argument between Stanford and Cohen: did the horses all land when running? Stanford thinks that a running horse's hoof is empty at the moment of jumping; On the other hand, Cohen thinks that horses always touch the ground when running. No one could convince anyone of the result of the argument, so the usual bet method was adopted to solve it. They hired an excellent horse trainer to judge, however, it is difficult for the referee to judge who is right and who is wrong. This is normal, because it is really difficult to see how the fast-running horseshoe moves with the human eye alone.
When Edward Muybridge, a good friend of the referee, learned about it, he said he could give it a try. He placed 24 cameras on one side of the runway in succession, and their lenses were all aimed at the runway. On the other side of the runway, he ran into 24 stakes, each with a rope tied to it. These lines cross the runway and are tied to the shutter of each camera opposite.
When everything was ready, McBride brought a beautiful horse and let it run from one end of the runway to the other. When the horse ran through this area, the 24-pole lead tripped in turn, and the shutters of 24 cameras were pulled in turn, taking 24 photos. McBride cut these photos in order. Every two adjacent photos have little difference in action, and they form a continuous photo belt. According to this set of photos, the referee finally saw that when the horse was running, there was always a hoof on the ground and it wouldn't fly, so Cohen won. It is reasonable to say that the story should end here, but this bet and its strange judgment method have aroused great interest. Mcbride showed people a photo tape with images of galloping horses over and over again. Once, someone unconsciously pulled the photo tape quickly, and as a result, a strange scene appeared in front of him: the static horse in each photo was folded into a moving horse, and it was "alive"!
process
As early as 1829, Joseph Prado, a famous Belgian physicist, found that when an object disappears from people's eyes, the image of the object will remain in people's retina for a period of time. This discovery is called "video persistence principle".
According to this principle, Prado invented the "magic disc" in 1832. The "special tray" can make the picture drawn on the zigzag cardboard box move because of the movement, and can also make the generated moving picture visually decompose into various images. The appearance of the "mysterious disc" indicates that the invention of the film has entered the stage of scientific experiment.
1834, Halner, an American, succeeded in the experiment of "Movable Video Disc".
1853, Austrian general von Utchetios showed the original cartoon by slide show on the basis of the above invention.
begin
1888 10 French film inventor Louis Aimee Augustine le Prince made a landmark work in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. He photographed round hay with his single-lens camera and Eastman Kodak's paper film. This was several years before his competitors, such as Lumiere brothers and Thomas Edison. He couldn't finish the public demonstration of this new invention in America as planned because he mysteriously disappeared on a train on September 1890.
The early film history in America and Europe is marked by the dispute over camera patent rights. 1888, the equipment of Prince 16 lens obtained double patents in the United States, which consisted of a movie camera and a projector. His other invention, the single-lens camera (MkI), was refused a patent in the United States because a similar product already had a patent. However, a few years later, Thomas Edison, an American, was not rejected when he applied for a patent for similar products.
18881June14th, the film "Landhai Garden Scene" was shot with an improved single lens camera (MkII). He exhibited his first film at the whitley factory in hensley, Leeds, and at Oakwood Manor, whitley's home in Lundehai. But they didn't spread the film on a larger scale. From 1887 to 1888, he also filmed Leeds Bridge, Around the Corner and Accordion Player, each of which was about 2 seconds long.
In the next few years, in order to let himself and his family emigrate to new york for further study, he obtained dual French and American citizenship. 1In September, 890, it was planned to hold a public exhibition in Jumei Mansion, new york, but it disappeared mysteriously. So Prince's contribution to the birth of the camera is often ignored.