Gear measuring instrument usually consists of instrument host, coordinate or displacement sensor, probe device, numerical control drive system of measuring carriage, electrical device and interface of measuring system, computer, etc. With the specialization, standardization and modularization of key precision parts production, especially the development of information technology, computer technology, precision machinery manufacturing technology and precision measurement technology, the research and development of gear measuring instruments have been promoted. It is more important to develop new control software and measurement software. Since 1980s, the development of gear measuring center has attracted the attention of many gear measuring instrument manufacturers. In 1990s, a series of products were gradually formed and put on the market. CNC gear measuring center is the crystallization of the comprehensive application of information technology, computer technology and numerical control technology in gear measuring instruments, and it is a milestone in the development of coordinate gear measuring instruments. The instrument is essentially a four-coordinate measuring machine with angular coordinates-cylindrical coordinate measuring machine, which is mainly used to detect the geometric accuracy of a single gear, and can also be used to measure the overall error of a (static) gear.
The P-series gear measuring center in Krimberg, Germany, is characterized by adopting a patented three-dimensional digital high-precision grating probe (using HEINDENHAIN's ultra-high-precision grating); High-quality cast iron lathe bed with stable performance and high-performance linear motor drive system; High precision ball shafting and dense ball rolling guide rail. The precision of the instrument reaches the German standard 1. It is reported that a refined P65 gear measuring center produced by this factory was selected as the benchmark instrument for precision transmission and calibration of British gears by the British National Gear Measuring Laboratory. American mergers and acquisitions; Ampm gear measuring center, its three-dimensional high-precision inductance probe; Granite base; Precision air bearing shafting and precision linear rolling body structure guide rail are the characteristics of the instrument (also driven by linear motor), and the measurement uncertainty of the instrument is ±2 μm m. The analog probe adopted by MAHR gmx 275 in Germany can scan or sample at a single point and rotate at intervals of 0. 1, so that the probe tip can be on the normal plane of the measured tooth surface. The measuring uncertainty of the instrument in the measuring space is (2.3μm+L/200). The gear measuring center can measure not only cylindrical involute gears, but also gear cutters such as gear hobs, gear shapers and shaving cutters, as well as complex curved revolving parts such as worms, worm wheels and camshafts. Most foreign gear measuring center manufacturers have also developed measuring software suitable for different bevel gears and parameter correction software for bevel gear processing machine tools, which is conducive to speeding up the first trial cutting of bevel gears. Through the information integration of interface or network, the measuring machine, bevel gear design and bevel gear processing machine are connected together to build a closed-loop manufacturing system for bevel gears —— the measurement information of trial cutting bevel gears is converted into the adjustment information of corresponding machine parameters, and then fed back to the machine tool to realize the CAD/CAM/CAT of bevel gear processing, making it possible to manufacture bevel gears with zero waste (unfortunately, there is no relevant application report in China); Selecting relevant software can also be used to measure workpiece parameters in reverse engineering. The characteristics of high precision and multi-function make gear measuring center more suitable for factory metering station.
After ten years' silence, Japanese gear measuring instrument manufacturers frequently appeared in China market. On the basis of GC-HP gear measuring instrument, Osaka Seiki developed CNC electronic generative CLP gear measuring instrument. Especially worth mentioning is the Tokyo Technical Instrument Company exhibited in China. At the end of 2003, TTI-300E CNC gear detector was exhibited in this factory for the first time at China International Gear Transmission, Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Exhibition. It is said that the smaller probe part can move independently in the radial direction, which is convenient for rapid measurement of gear pitch deviation. The spindle rotation precision of dense ball shafting can reach 0.03μm, and the repeatability of instrument measurement can reach 0.5 μ m. This instrument can measure involute gears with high precision, as well as gear cutters (such as hob, gear shaving cutter and gear shaper cutter) and worm wheels. The company has sold more than 30 kinds of products (mainly Taiwan-funded enterprises) in China.
The domestic CNC gear measuring center has made great progress. Harbin Measuring Tool Factory and Harbin Jingda Company have successfully developed a series of products. After several years' efforts, the accuracy and measuring speed of Harbin 3903A Gear Measuring Center are said to have reached or approached the advanced level of Krimberg products. As a rising star, Jingda Company has made remarkable development. Its JD and JDS series gear measuring centers currently sell the most in domestic products. The quality and performance of domestic gear measuring center have been continuously improved, and it has the ability to compete with foreign products. However, there is still a certain gap with foreign countries in terms of instrument accuracy and stability, especially in terms of measurement software (such as bevel gear measurement software) and instrument fault diagnosis function. It is gratifying that there are * * * manufacturers of gear measuring instruments in China, and they have joined hands with colleges and universities, and Qi Xin has worked together to narrow the gap; With the rapid improvement of cost performance and the enhancement of the ability to participate in market competition, the domestic gear measuring center has a broad development prospect and will occupy an increasing proportion in the domestic market. Scanning measuring instrument for single-side meshing rolling point of gear
1. This instrument has been vigorously developed and produced in China, and is especially suitable for quality inspection and production process monitoring in the mass production site of motorcycles and automobile gears. The overall error measuring instrument of CNC worm gear developed by Chengdu Tool Research Institute is a typical example. Up to now, more than 200 sets have been sold in the domestic market, and a small number have been sold abroad. Characterized in that the meshing between the worm and the measured gear is measured by tooth skipping and thinning, and the rolling point of the gear tooth surface is scanned and measured. Rich measurement information and high measurement efficiency. The measuring principle of URM gear error rolling scanning measuring instrument imported from FRENCO company in Germany is completely similar to the whole gear error measuring technology in China. This instrument can be called parallel shaft gear type gear overall error measuring instrument. It uses a high-precision circular grating as an angle sensor, a special measuring gear as a measuring element, and the basic measuring unit is a special measuring edge line on the measuring gear, which is a tooth profile measuring edge line and a tooth direction (spiral line) measuring edge line respectively. The uncertainty of the measuring instrument is 3.5 ~ 4.5 microns, the measuring repeatability is 2 ~ 3 microns, the measuring time is 1 ~ 2 minutes, and the service life of the gear is about 200,000 times. This product has been applied in German Ford Motor Factory and Volkswagen Motor Factory. The CSZ500A and B bevel gear integral error measuring instrument produced by Chengdu Tool Research Institute is an application example of rolling point scanning measurement technology in bevel gear measurement. The self-developed patented technology is used to measure the tooth profile and tooth direction of bevel gears. The repeatability of the instrument can be as high as 1 ~ 2 microns, which can measure the tooth profile, tooth direction, pitch deviation, tooth surface morphology deviation, tangential comprehensive deviation and contact area of bevel gears. The measuring time depends on the number of teeth of large and small bevel gears, which is generally 5 ~ 10 minutes.
2. Gear double-sided meshing tester
Due to the application of computer, precision grating sensor and numerical control technology, the traditional gear double-sided meshing tester has been technically reformed and upgraded, and the overall level has changed qualitatively, and the analysis function has been enhanced. The intelligent double-sided meshing gear measuring instrument of Harbin Measuring Tool and Cutting Tool Factory is equipped with a notebook computer, an oblong grating sensor, a DC servo motor and a single chip microcomputer for data acquisition, which can not only measure the radial comprehensive deviation of the gear, the radial comprehensive deviation of one tooth and the radial runout, but also judge the defects such as burrs, scratches and bumps. With the development of information industry, the output of small module gears (especially plastic gears) used in information, office machines, cameras and toys industries has greatly increased, and the quality requirements have become higher and higher, so the market demand for double-sided meshing tester for small gears has also increased accordingly. In 2003, the gear double-sided meshing tester of Tokyo Technical Instrument and Osaka Seiki was exhibited in Shanghai. According to Tokyo Technical Instrument Company, their TF-40NC is the world's first CNC gear double-sided meshing tester. Its features include automatic zero calibration, displaying the maximum, minimum and average center distance, and automatically compensating the radial vibration of the reference (measuring) gear. In addition to M62 series of MARPOSS, GTR-PC of Osaka Seiki, KGT of Beijing Institute of Technology and other products, Harbin Jingda Measuring Instrument Co., Ltd. of China also produces gear double-sided meshing detector with computer data processing function for station detection.
3. Gear single-side meshing tester
Gear single-side meshing tester is also called gear pair transmission accuracy tester or gear rolling tester. Typical examples are Phoenix HCT500 of Gleason Company in the United States and GKC60 CNC bevel gear rolling inspection machine of Krimberg Company in Germany. Equipped with high-precision circular grating, it can measure the transmission accuracy of bevel gear and cylindrical gear pair-tangential comprehensive deviation, as well as the three-dimensional structural noise analysis and tooth surface contact spots when loading is accelerated, so as to evaluate the matching quality of transmission pair. In cooperation with Chongqing University, the former Neijiang Machine Tool Works in China successfully developed a domestic CNC bevel gear rolling inspection machine, which contributed to catching up with and surpassing foreign advanced level. MEATA-3 gear pair transmission accuracy detector developed by Kogasawara, a small module gear cutter manufacturer, can measure the transmission errors of worm and worm gear pair, internal and external spur/helical gear pair, bevel gear pair, face gear pair, etc. The resolution of the instrument is 1 angular second. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. of Japan has developed an ultra-precision coordinate measuring machine with atomic force probe, and its accuracy is 0.0 1 micron ... When it is used to measure gears, the measured gears are limited because the probe can only move in the vertical direction. However, when measuring the sample plate with limited number of teeth, the measurement accuracy can reach nanometer level. The radius of curvature of the probe tip used to measure the template is 2μm, so the tooth surface roughness can be measured. With the rapid development of China's gear manufacturing industry and the release, promotion and implementation of the national standard GB/T 10095-200 1 (equivalent to the international standard ISO 1328: 1997), the development direction of gear measuring technology and gear measuring instruments in China is clearer and faster. Gear measurement technology has become an indispensable part of advanced gear manufacturing technology. With the continuous improvement of gear quality requirements, the emergence of new gear accuracy evaluation indicators will promote the continuous development of gear accuracy standards, gear measuring technology and gear measuring instruments will also continue to develop. China Gear Professional Association has made fruitful efforts in organizing and guiding China gear manufacturing industry and improving the overall gear manufacturing technology and quality. The mechanical quantity testing instrument branch of China Instrumentation Society has been paying attention to and supporting the development of gear measuring instruments. Therefore, we have reason to believe that the gear measuring instrument manufacturing industry in China will surely achieve new revitalization.