Jianchangbang traditional Chinese medicine was born in Chengnan, and it is famous for being good at processing traditional pieces and distributing medicinal materials. The pharmaceutical industry originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and declined in the 1930s and 40s of the Republic of China. Medical technology has spread to more than 40 cities and counties in Jiangxi and Fujian, and also has influence in Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Hongkong and Southeast Asia. There is also a saying in the medical field that "medicine is not enough to build prosperity."
Jianchang Gang is an ancient drug gang in southern China. Its birthplace is Jianchang Town, Nancheng County, Jiangxi Province (now Jianchang County, Fuzhou City), which is famous for its traditional processing and distribution of medicinal materials. The processing of medicinal materials is self-contained, affecting more than 40 counties in Jiangxi and Fujian, and affecting as far away as Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Hongkong and Southeast Asia.
The characteristics of Jianchang cooking technology school are mainly reflected in the differences of auxiliary materials, the diversity of tools and the multi-purpose of one knife, as well as the unique processing methods of cooking (simmering, etc. ).
As far as tools are concerned,
Knives and planers are complete and have many special tools. The medicine cutter is different, with long handle, large surface, straight line, deep blade, hard and labor-saving, and multi-purpose. Slices are oblique, thin, large and light. Because of the difference between Zhang and Jian, there was a saying in the old medical circle that "you will recognize your partner when you see a knife."
Its "Leigong aircraft" has been invented for a long time and is still in use today. Not only the efficacy is high, but also the planed slices are mostly longitudinal slices, which are even and beautiful.
Special tools made of other materials, such as Fructus Aurantii, Areca catechu, Rhizoma Cyperi shovel, Alismatis cage, Poria knife, Radix Aconiti Lateralis screen, malt basket, medicine pot, log retort, pig liver knife stone, sulfur cabinet, wood fire roasting, bamboo roasting cage, etc. , are simple and clear, each has its own place and application.
Dolphin knife (sword knife) and Leigong planer are the most distinctive processing tools, and they are one of the three famous Chinese medicine processing knives in China (the other two are Yuzhou Dayuan Imperial Knife, and Zhangshu Medicine Gang is han dao with a small knife surface).
Dolphin knife (building knife) is a kind of medicine cutting knife, which has the characteristics of "heavy, long handle, wide blade surface, straight blade line, deep and sharp blade, hard and labor-saving to eat, and multi-purpose for one knife". Suitable for cutting roots, rhizomes, vines, fruits, whole grass and other medicinal materials, including various specifications of slices, segments, silk and blocks. Leigong planer, also known as medicine planer, is suitable for planing long, oblique, straight and round thin or thick slices. The planer is uniform and beautiful, the slicing can be large or small, thick or thin, and the working efficiency is high.
Knife skills include picking, oblique grasping, straight holding and hand holding, and the method of sending medicine and cutting.
There are four kinds of planing methods, namely, cartridge planing, hand planing, platen planing and barrel planing, commonly known as "eight methods of knife planing".
There used to be a saying in the medical field that "using a knife to recognize a gang" and "making a knife is more useful because the knife method is different".
In terms of accessories
It has the characteristics of unique material selection, following the ancient road, exquisite production and multi-purpose of one thing. Among them, rice bran frying is the most distinctive, such as rice bran roasting and honey bran frying. At the same time, rice bran is also used for cleaning, moisturizing, moisture absorption, sealing and curing. , making "south bran and north bran" a significant difference between the north and south processing schools. Other auxiliary materials, such as alum, mirabilite, toilet, rice swill, sulfur and sand, also have their own characteristics.
process technology
Ge Hong, a medical scientist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, collected herbs and made medicines in Magu Mountain. Through the continuous accumulation and development of doctors in past dynasties, his tools, auxiliary materials and techniques are unique, emphasizing shape, color, gas and taste, forming the characteristics of low toxicity and high curative effect in processing decoction pieces. Among the thirteen baking methods of Jianchang Gang (frying, roasting, simmering, calcining, steaming, boiling, boiling, quenching, frosting, koji, bud, propagation, etc.), there are many technological characteristics of frying, roasting, simmering and steaming.
Jianchang gang strictly abides by the quality of clean material selection, cutting and processing, and makes full use of or draws lessons from cooking skills. Pay attention to the water system, and talk about "four seasons water" and "seeing the head" everywhere. There are some jargon, such as "good water in winter and bad water in summer", "less soaking and more moistening don't hurt water", "three points of knife work and seven points of moistening work" and "cutting medicine as a disciple and moistening medicine as a teacher" Pay attention to distinguish the water quality of the four seasons when making water, and moisten the medicinal materials according to the water head. There are some jargon with water-making experience, such as "Good water in winter, bad water in summer", "I don't know how to make water without knowing the water quality", and "If you wash it for a long time, it won't hurt the water, and if you don't smell it, you can sell the dregs". In addition, there are some jargon (rules), such as "Although the auxiliary materials are expensive, you can't lack two kilograms", "You can't lose water and fire, and the processing should be clever", "Fire system, water-fire system and cooking technology are interlinked" and so on.
"Jianchang Gang" is very familiar with the use of civil and military fire, and is good at frying quickly with fire, making the chess pieces colorful and fragrant; Simmer and bake with slow fire to make the block pure and thick; Skilled in various detoxification processes, the decoction pieces are toxic and inefficient. Created a series of fist products of Jianchangbang Chinese herbal pieces, such as Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata pieces, Jiang Banxia, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Poria, Radix Rehmanniae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae pieces, etc. Only four kinds of processed products (Fuzi, Yin Fu, Yangfu and Danfu) have been sold all over Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi for many years.
Cook/heat food with a slow fire
Hey hey. (from Jiyun) that is, a small fire without flame. Stewing or cooking with a small fire is close to the "burning" of northern cooking, so it is called "burning in the south and burning in the north"; Refers to the cooking method of putting tough food into a wok (pot), adding appropriate amount of soup and cooking it with slow fire until it becomes soft and mature.
Concrete processing technology of lime method
Soak the clean medicinal materials in water, put them into a pot, add clean water, cover them, move them into a stove, pile dry chaff around the pot, light them for 2-3 days, add Amomum villosum and dried tangerine peel in the middle, mix well, take them out of the pot until the chaff is completely gray and cold, and take them out to dry after the cooked juice is dry.
Jiangxi Province Chinese Herbal Pieces Processing Standard (2008 Edition)?
glutinous rehmannia
Take Radix Rehmanniae, remove impurities, size it, wash it, soak it in water, put it in a pot, add clean water, cover it, move it into the kitchen, put dry bran around the pot, light it for 2 days, add Amomum villosum and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in the middle, stir it evenly, take it out of the pot until the bran is completely gray and cold, dry the cooked juice, take it out and dry it until it is half dry, and put it in a container. Use 20 kg of Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Amomi, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and yellow wine per 100 kg.
polygonum multiflorum
Slice the soaked Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., add black beans, put it in a pot, add warm water, cover it, and move it into the surrounding kitchen. Place charcoal and dried chaff around the pot (5 kg of charcoal and 80 kg of dried chaff per 100 kg of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb), and then burn 1 ~ 2 d until the chaff is completely gray and cold or the medicine permeates. Stir well with yellow wine, steam for 4~ 6 h after complete absorption, stop fire and seal overnight, and take it out to dry. 100 kg of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. 10 kg of black beans and 20 kg of yellow wine.
sealwort
Take the original medicine to remove impurities, clean it, rinse it with clear water for about 1 d, take it out, drain it, put it in a pot, add warm water for 2 /3 of each pot, cover it, move it into the kitchen around, put a small amount of charcoal in the pot, pile up dry bran, and light it for 1 day until the medicine is cooked. Spray the wine evenly, moisten it, steam it for 4 ~ 6 h after it is completely absorbed, stew it overnight, take it out when it turns black, air it until it is semi-dry, cut it into oblique thick slices and air it. Every 100 kg of Polygonatum sibiricum, 20 kg of yellow wine is used.
Lai yuanzhi
Take clean licorice, cut it into sections, flatten it, stir it evenly with clean polygala tenuifolia, put it in a medicine jar, add appropriate amount of warm water (based on flat medicine surface), and cover it; Move the jar to the surrounding kitchen, pile dry chaff around the jar according to the ratio of 100kg: 50 kg, light it, simmer for 4 ~ 6 h, and when the juice in the jar is basically absorbed, take out licorice and dry it. Every 100 kg of polygala tenuifolia, 6 kg of licorice is used.
Deepen understanding:
Langshoudi
? Universal preparation method
From June 10 to June 1 1, dig the roots, remove the stems, leaves and fibrous roots, wash the soil, put it on the baking bed and slowly dry it until it is 80% dry, and then twist it into a circle to get the rehmannia root. Add rice wine and steam it for nine times until it is black, which is Rehmannia glutinosa.
Method for preparing cultivated land
Take the raw land, wash the sediment with clear water, and soak it in water 15 ~ 24 h (the soaking time generally depends on the seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter). Then put it into a jar together with the aqueous solution, and add dried tangerine peel in layers. The water level should be about 3 inches lower than the jar mouth, and cover it. Choose another bunker, build a stove with bricks and stones, leave vents at the four corners, put flammable materials at the bottom, and cover it with proper amount of dry chaff (chaff). Put the charged altar in the middle, then light it, and add chaff in the middle to make it burn. Cease fire for about 24 hours, and then dump it when it cools down. Store raw juice separately, dry Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, add rice wine and Fructus Amomi (ground into fine powder) with raw juice, mix with Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, slowly moisten, suck dry and steam once. Sun-dried or flattened or cut into pieces with a bamboo knife, and then sun-dried to a completely dry crock for collection. This method has many advantages, the operation process is simple and easy, and the nutrition is better than that of single steaming method. Because Rehmannia glutinosa is cooked slowly in the pottery altar, it is fragrant and delicious. After cooking, it is black as paint, sweet, nourishing blood and nourishing yin, and strengthening the spleen and stomach.
Pinellia ternata in Jiang Ming
General treatment method
In summer and autumn (July-September), the tuber is removed, the residual stems, fibrous roots and sediments are removed, the skin is removed, and after rinsing with water (adding a small amount of alum), the raw Pinellia ternata is obtained by sun drying or sun drying. Add licorice and lime water to soak, which is Pinellia ternata.
Pinellia ternata in Jiang Ming
Remove impurities from raw Pinellia ternata, classify it according to its size, pour it into a jar and soak it in clear water for about 3 ~ 4 days (the specific soaking and bleaching time depends on the season). Change the water 2 ~ 3 times a day. If it is spring and summer, you can add some alum to bleach it. Then take it out, air-dry it to 80% dryness, spread it indoors, and use 20g of alum and 24g of mirabilite per kilogram of Pinellia ternata. In summer, soak Pinellia ternata for several hours with 40 grams of vinegar and a small amount of vinegar and appropriate amount of cold water, then chop each kilogram of Pinellia ternata with 72 grams of ginger, 20 grams of Gleditsia sinensis, 20 grams of mint, 20 grams of dried tangerine peel and 20 grams of licorice, then boil it into appropriate amount of liquid medicine and spread it to cool. Pour it into Pinellia ternata for soaking, then cover the surface of the jar with linen, and put the fried residue on the closed jar mouth and put it in a proper shade. After about seven weeks, remove the dregs, rinse with running water and dry in the sun. When necessary, boil water to moisten, cut into pieces and dry.
"Jianbang" pharmaceutical industry imitates the experience of Ge Hong's "elbow standby emergency prescription" in Jin Dynasty, and detoxifies Pinellia ternata with auxiliary materials (adjuvant drugs) to make Pinellia ternata. Has synergistic and antagonistic effects, and the decoction pieces are bright in color, small in smell and small in side effects. It can also enhance the efficacy of eliminating dampness, resolving phlegm and stopping vomiting, especially for abstinence and stopping vomiting caused by dampness.
Tomorrow, mom?
? General treatment method
It is excavated when it germinates in spring, and the quality is poor, which is called spring hemp; When the stems and leaves wither in winter, the quality of winter hemp is better. After digging, remove the stems and leaves on the ground and the silk of Armillaria mellea, clean the skin, wash, steam or boil, flatten, slice and dry (smoke with sulfur fire once in the middle to prevent mildew).
Tomorrow hemp method
Take gastrodia elata, wash it with rice soup, then mash it with ginger and soak it for about 12h (the specific time is to suck dried ginger juice). Then spread it out to dry, steam lh in wood, take it out and flatten it with wooden boards (for example, smoke it with sulfur fire once in spring and summer rainy season to prevent mildew). When air-dried to 70% to 80% dry, cut or slice and air-dry for later use. Gastrodia elata, pungent, sweet, flat and less toxic. It is an important drug for treating wind by dividing liver meridian and qi, especially for headache and dizziness caused by wind phlegm. It contains alkaloid mucus juice and so on. So it is more appropriate to steam with ginger juice. It can not only relieve its toxicity and hemp taste, but also enhance its effects of relieving spasm and pain, expelling wind and resolving phlegm, broadening chest and benefiting intestines. After being processed by this method, the medicinal properties turned warm, and the effect was good after taking, and no adverse reactions and side effects were found.
Stewed aconite
General treatment method
Excavation in summer (mid-June, that is, before and after the slight summer heat). Cut off the stems and leaves on the ground, wash away the soil, soak them in bile water (that is, brine) for half a month, and then put them in water to cook (and soak them in salt repeatedly) into salt aconite root (fried with brown sugar and rice soup or a small amount of vegetable oil into strong tea color). When the tongue is bleached with clear water until it is slightly numb, take it out, steam it, dry it in the sun, or cook it with black beans and licorice, and then slice it and weigh it as a black film. Peel and remove the tip of Radix Aconiti Lateralis, cut into Shui Piao, steam, smoke with sulfur fire once, and dry in the sun. It is called Rhizoma Typhonii or cooked Radix Aconiti Lateralis.
Method for preparing stewed aconite root
Silver attachment
Soak raw aconite repeatedly for 4-7 days, change water 3 times a day, take it out, put it in a wooden steamer and steam it step by step until there is no white heart in the middle, take it out and dry it, wet it with boiling water if necessary, cut it into thin slices and dry it.
Yangfu tablets
Wash the raw salt aconite, cut it into thick slices, soak it in clear water for 3 ~ 6 days, change the water three times a day, and then take it out to dry (turn it frequently when drying). Stir-fry with Hanoi sand until both sides of the attachment swell, sift out the sand and let it cool.
Lian yufan
Take E-Gan-Yu salt aconite root (also called Chao Chao-Gong) and soak it in clear water for 3 ~ 10 days (according to traditional experience, aconite root is generally divided into three days in spring, four days in summer, seven days in autumn and ten days in winter). Change the water 2 ~ 3 times a day, take it out and spread it for half a day, then choose a place indoors to avoid rain and fire, and then build a 2-foot-high circle with bricks and stones (the size of the circle depends on the number of aconites). Take a proper amount of chaff ash or firewood ash to screen out impurities and lay them flat on the ground, then put the aconite into the ground and lay them flat one by one, or press them alternately from beginning to end until there is no gap (no overlap).
Add fresh ginger120g to each kilogram of aconite, slice and lay flat on the surface of aconite, and then cover with two layers of kraft paper or toilet paper. It is required to cover tightly, and then the second section of the index finger is paved with tiles of the same thickness and clean ash. The ash must be covered flat, otherwise it is easy to burn Aconitum. Then put combustible materials such as straw on the ash, then pour in dry chaff and get angry. After the chaff is completely burned, it is spread and dried for 1 day, then the aconite is taken out and screened to remove dust, and then it is put into a wooden steamer to steam for 12h. After it is completely dried, it needs to be moistened with boiling water and cut into thin slices (requirements for decoction pieces: micropore, keratin, yellow and black, transparent and bright), and then dried.
This old man from Zhang Zhenxiang is known as the "first man" in today's architecture.
From the age of 14, he entered the then Jiankang Pharmacy to learn the processing technology of "Jianchangbang" pieces. So far, he has never left Chinese medicine, and he is an authentic descendant of the cooking skills of Jianchang Gang. Today, he is the only person in Cheng Nan who can skillfully cook such special dishes as "stewed aconite", "Yinfupian" and "Danfupian".
In order to promote the traditional Chinese medicine industry of Jianchang Sect, as early as the spring of 1982, Zhang Zhenxiang actively participated in the scientific research project of "excavating and sorting out the traditional processing technology of Jianchang Sect" carried out by the county medical and health society, and dictated the processing technology of decoction pieces he mastered. Together with other members, he compiled a 230,000-word monograph "Traditional Processing Methods of Jianchang Gang Chinese Medicine", which published 200 volumes and was appraised by experts.
In Zhang Zhenxiang's home, the old man took out two boxes of 100 volumes of books and nearly 5 million words of "Pharmacist's Notes", which were accumulated by his usual experience in the process of cooking, and condensed his life's hard work and sweat.
The old man Zhang Zhenxiang said: Chinese medicine includes medicinal materials, decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines. Due to different processing techniques, the toxicity and effective components of the same medicinal material are different, so the same Chinese herbal medicine has different "processing names". At present, many Chinese medicine practitioners don't know how to cook, and the prescription only has the name of the medicine, which greatly affects the curative effect of Chinese medicine. Take Coptis chinensis as an example. After processing, Coptis chinensis can be divided into six or seven kinds, such as vinegar Coptis chinensis, pig bile Coptis chinensis, charcoal Coptis chinensis, dogwood Coptis chinensis, ginger Coptis chinensis, wine Coptis chinensis and so on. Each kind of coptis has different curative effects. Simply opening the word "Huanglian" can't achieve the effect of getting rid of diseases. At the same time, there are too few people who know the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine, so many traditional Chinese medicines can only be used as original medicinal materials, which restricts the development of traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.