AMD (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.) is an integrated circuit design and production company founded in 1969. It specializes in supplying various chips for the computer, communications and consumer electronics markets. Products include microprocessors, flash memory and silicon technology-based solutions for communications and networking equipment. The head office is located in Nathaniel, Silicon Valley, California, USA. In addition to offices in major cities around the world, it also has production centers in the United States, Europe, Japan and Asia. With more than 70% of its revenue coming from international markets, the company is a truly multinational company. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the code AMD.
AMD is currently the only CPU manufacturer that can compete with Intel. The characteristic of CPUs produced by AMD is that they produce relatively high computing efficiency at a lower core clock frequency, and their main frequency is usually about 1GHz lower than that of Intel CPUs of the same performance. Since the launch of Athlon XP, the technology gap between AMD and Intel has gradually narrowed. In 2003, AMD released the Athlon 64 CPU with 64-bit addressing before Intel, making AMD's technology equivalent to Intel, or even ahead of Intel in some aspects. In 2005, AMD followed Intel's footsteps and released a central processor with two cores-Athlon 64 Two systems with the best performance. Since both manufacturers currently use dual-core systems as the main development focus of new products, AMD's Athlon 64 FX-57 has become the world's fastest single-core civilian CPU (other products with higher performance use dual-core CPUs). core architecture).
AMD Chronology
In 1969, the company was established on May 1.
In 1970, the development of Am2501 was completed.
In September 1972, wafer production began and stocks were issued in the same year.
In January 1973, the first production base was completed in Malaysia.
In 1975, AM9102 entered the RAM market.
In 1976, a patent mutual licensing agreement was signed with Intel Corporation.
In 1977, AMC was founded with Siemens.
In 1978, an assembly production base was completed in Manila. In the same year, AMD's annual turnover reached US$100 million.
In 1979, the stock was listed in New York and the Austin production base was completed.
In 1981, chips manufactured by AMD were used in the construction of space shuttles. In the same year, it was decided to expand cooperation with Intel.
In 1982, the new production line (MMP) began to be put into use.
In 1983, the Singapore branch was established and the INT.STD.1000 quality standard was launched in the same year.
In 1984, the Bangkok production base was built and the Austin plant was expanded.
In 1985, it was listed in the Fortune 500. In the same year, the Free Chip Project was launched.
In October 1986, AMD laid off employees for the first time.
In 1987, Sony cooperated to produce CMOS chips and filed a lawsuit against INTEL in April. The legal battle lasted for five years and ended with AMD winning the lawsuit.
In October 1988, construction of the SDC base began.
In May 1990, Rich Previte became the company's president and CEO.
In March 1991, AM386 CPU was produced.
In February 1992, AMD's legal lawsuit against Intel ended. AMD won the lawsuit and obtained the qualification to produce 386 processors.
In April 1993, flash memory production began, and in the same month, AM486 was launched.
In January 1994, AMD cooperated with Compaq and supplied AM485 CPU.
In 1995, Fab 25 was completed.
In 1996, AMD acquired NexGen.
In 1997, AMD-K6 was produced.
In 1998, the K7 processor was released.
In 1999, the Athlon processor came out.
In 2000, AMD's first-quarter sales exceeded $1 billion for the first time, breaking the company's sales record. In the same year, Fab 30 began production.
In 2001, AMD launched the AMD Athlon MP dual processor for servers and workstations.
In 2002, AMD acquired Alchemy Semiconductor.
In 2003, AMD launched the Opteron processor for servers. In September of the same year, it launched the first desktop-class 64-bit microprocessor.
In 2006, AMD released Socket AM2 to replace Socket 754 and Socket 939.
On July 24, 2006, AMD acquired ATi
[edit] AMD CPU chronology
1989 Am386SX/DX
1993 Am486
1996 K5
April 1997 K6
1998 K6-ii
February 1999 K6 -iii
June 1999 K7 Athlon
October 2001 K7 Palomino core Athlon XP
January 2004 K7 Barton core Athlon XP
September 2004 K8 Socket 754 Athlon 64, Socket 940 Athlon 64 FX
July 2004 K8 Sempron
June 2004 K8 Socket 939 Athlon 64
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March 2005 K8 Socket 754 Turion 64
April 2005 K8 Athlon 64 X2 Dual-core
May 2006 K8 Socket AM2 Athlon 64, Socket S1 Turion 64 X2
August 2006 K8 Socket F Opteron
[edit] Product Evaluation
AMD processor product features can be divided into three stages:
[edit] The first stage
80486 to K6 stage. The initial product strategy mainly focused on lower product prices. Although the highest performance was not as good as Intel products of the same period, it had a better price-performance ratio.
[edit] Second stage
K7 stage. The performance of K7, especially in terms of floating point computing capabilities, is welcomed by many DIY (self-assembled computer) users. Because AMD has looser multiplier lock restrictions on CPUs compared to Intel, it is widely welcomed by many overclocking users. However, due to the lack of overheating protection, overclocked K7 series CPUs have a higher risk of burnout, causing some consumers to have low confidence in their stability.
[edit] The third stage
K8 stage.
Since it was the first to invest in the 64-bit CPU market before Intel, AMD had the advantage of developing earlier in the field of 64-bit CPUs. AMD products at this stage still adopted a consistent low-frequency and high-performance strategy to solve the problem of electrical problems. Limited performance leads to CPU instability, heat generation, and excessive power consumption.
[edit] Product Line
Athlon 64
Sempron
Turion 64
Opteron
Geode
AMD’s product line is roughly divided into three series: Sampron, Athlon 64 and Athlon FX
Sampron is a lower-end device with low operating frequency but low temperature Relatively much lower.
Athlon 64 X2 is a dual-core technology, suitable for users who want to handle multiple tasks.
Athlon FX is a single-core technology with high execution performance. Although it does not have multi-thread processing capabilities, the FX series is the best choice for multimedia processing and 3D games.
[edit] ATI
Chaowei announced the comprehensive acquisition of ATi for US$5.4 billion on July 24, 2006 (GMT 8). By the end of July 2006, the merger and acquisition work had begun. The original ATi R&D centers have begun personnel changes, and AMD and ATi are waiting for a ruling from the federal court to determine that the merger is effective.
ATi is a company dedicated to developing graphics processing chips. Its Shadow Thunder series display chips are one of the chips that occupy a large share of the civilian graphics display market. In addition to display chips, ATI has recently developed motherboard control chips. Some people believe that AMD acquired ATi in order to have its own motherboard control chip research and development capabilities and no longer be subject to Taiwanese chip manufacturers and Nvidia. However, some people worry that after merging ATi, AMD and Nvidia will eventually move from current cooperation to competition in the field of graphics chips.