(March 14th, 1879-April 18th, 1955)
He was a world-famous German-American scientist, the pioneer and founder of modern physics.
He is recognized as the most outstanding scientist in the 2th century.
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, to a small owner's family who ran an electrical appliance workshop. A year later, I moved to Munich with my family. In 1894, his family moved to Milan, Italy. In 1895, he transferred to the state middle school in Arau, Switzerland. In 1896, he entered the normal department of Zurich University of Technology to study physics, and graduated in 19. Obtained Swiss nationality in 191. In 192, he was hired as a technician by Swiss Patent Office in Bern, engaged in technical appraisal of invention patent applications. He used his spare time to carry out scientific research and made historic achievements in three different fields of physics in 195, especially the establishment of special relativity and the proposal of light quantum theory, which promoted the revolution of physics theory. In the same year, he obtained his Ph.D. degree from the University of Zurich with his thesis "A New Method for Determining Molecular Size".
In 198, Einstein served as an extra lecturer at the University of Berne. In 199, he left the Patent Office as an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. In 1911, he was a professor of theoretical physics at the German University in Prague, and in 1912, he was a professor at his alma mater, swiss federal institute of technology zurich. In 1914, at the invitation of Max Planck and Walter nernst, he returned to Germany as the director of the Royal William Institute of Physics and a professor at the University of Berlin until 1933. In 192, at the invitation of hendrik antoon lorentz and Paul Ehrenfest, he was also a special professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. After the outbreak of World War I, he devoted himself to public and underground anti-war activities.
Einstein published his general theory of relativity in p>1915. His prediction that the light will bend after passing through the gravitational field of the sun was confirmed by the observation results of the total solar eclipse by the British astronomer arthur stanley eddington in 1919. The gravitational wave predicted by him in 1916 was also confirmed in 1978. Einstein and the theory of relativity have become household names in the west, but they have also attracted vicious attacks from chauvinists, militarists and anti-Semitists in Germany and other countries.
Einstein and Eddington were together in p>193
Einstein's letter to Hale on October 14, 1913
In p>1917, Einstein put forward the theory of stimulated radiation in the article On the Quantum of Radiation, which became the theoretical basis of laser.
Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on photoelectric effect.
After the Nazi Party seized the German regime in January p>1933, Einstein was the primary target of persecution in the scientific community. Fortunately, he was lecturing in the United States at that time and was not killed. After returning to Europe in March, he took refuge in Belgium. On September 9, he found that there was a Gestapo who was going to assassinate him. He crossed the sea in the starry night and went to England. In October, he transferred to Princeton University in the United States and served as a professor at the newly-built Institute for Advanced Studies until he retired in 1945. He obtained American citizenship in 194.
in p>1939, he was informed of the discovery of uranium nuclear fission and its chain reaction. Under the impetus of Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt, suggesting to develop an atomic bomb to prevent the Germans from taking the lead. On the eve of the end of World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Einstein was strongly dissatisfied with this. After the war, we waged unremitting struggles to launch a peaceful movement against nuclear war and the danger of fascism in the United States.
On April 18th, 1955, Einstein died of ruptured aortic aneurysm in Princeton. According to his will, no funeral will be held, no grave will be built, no monument will be erected, and the ashes will be scattered in a place that will always be kept secret, so as not to make any place sacred. Einstein has been engaged in the search for the grand unified theory for the rest of his life, but this work has not been successful. Now the grand unified theory is the central issue in theoretical physics research.
Einstein played truant
Pictures of Einstein's school when he was a child
In the spring of p>1895, Einstein was 16 years old. According to the law of Germany at that time, boys can leave Germany before the age of 17 without having to come back for military service. Because he hated militarism, and he couldn't bear to stay alone in the barracks-like Louis Polder Middle School, Einstein decided to leave Germany and go to Italy to reunite with his parents without consulting his parents. However, what if you drop out of school halfway and don't get a diploma in the future? Einstein, who has always been honest and simple, came up with a self-righteous idea in a hurry. He asked the math teacher to give him a certificate that he had excellent math scores and reached the university level early. I got a sick leave certificate from a familiar doctor, saying that he was neurasthenia and needed to go home and rest. Einstein thought that with these two proofs, he could escape from this disgusting place.
who knows, he hasn't applied yet, but the dean called him and ordered him to drop out of school on the grounds that he corrupted the class spirit and disobeyed the school discipline.