Incineration power generation can convert almost all the organic components and energy in the garbage into electrical energy, and decompose the harmful substances in the garbage through combustion, reducing the volume by 80%-90%, leaving only 10- 20% of the volume of ash can be used for industrial brick making or landfill. The recycling rate of sanitary landfill resources is almost zero. It needs to be far away from densely populated areas and development zones, and the requirements for surface water systems are also very high. Although the composting and biochemical comprehensive treatment processes are mature, they occupy a large area, have long processing cycles, unstable product quality, and unstable market demand. The harmful substances in the garbage are not completely decomposed, and the heavy metal content is high, which can easily cause secondary pollution and Contamination spreads. Comprehensive comparison, waste incineration power generation has incomparable advantages over other treatment methods.
Research has found that incineration of domestic waste by five people to generate electricity can meet the daily electricity needs of one person. Therefore, cities with dense population, developed economy and scarce land, especially cities with a population of more than 1 million, will give priority to incineration to deal with garbage. Waste incineration power generation can not only solve the problem of "garbage siege", but also increase energy supply, so it is a good thing to "kill multiple birds with one stone".
Problems encountered within and outside the industry during the development process
(1) The efficiency of waste-to-energy generation is not high. There are common phenomena such as inadequate garbage classification and excessive moisture content of garbage. The "garbage picking trend" prevents "efficient" garbage from entering the power generation process, which greatly weakens the efficiency of garbage power generation. Although the country has repeatedly advocated protecting the environment and throwing less garbage, the effect has not changed substantially. The piles of garbage during the "Double Festival" are enough to explain all the problems.
(2) Environmental protection technical issues of waste incineration. The operation of waste incineration power plants is very complex. To prevent solid pollutants, that is, garbage from producing gas pollution after incineration, the flue gas purification system needs to be strictly implemented. Waste incineration power generation equipment must also operate at high temperatures, and the furnace temperature must exceed at least 1,000°C. However, polymer waste produces more than 10 harmful carcinogenic gases at 360-620 degrees Celsius. It is a special technology to prevent harmful gases from being discharged into the atmosphere.
(3) NIMBY phenomenon. As residents' living standards improve and their awareness of environmental protection increases, the pollutant emissions from waste incineration plants exceed standards or "selectively meet standards", which affects environmental quality; in addition, dioxin pollution is artificially amplified, causing panic among surrounding residents and becoming a "NIMBY phenomenon" "The direct cause.