Mechanical television
Television to be exact, this kind of TV should be called electromechanical TV. As we know, the movement of TV pictures makes use of the illusion of human vision, that is, some fast-appearing static pictures can be "synthesized" into moving and continuous pictures. So there are two ways to restore these static images quickly, which makes people have illusions. One of them is mechanical reduction. This way of reduction should start with Paul Cotter's Paul gottlieb Ni Pukov's disk. As early as 1884, Paul Cotter gottlieb NiPukov, a German scientist of Russian origin, put forward and applied for the world's first patent for mechanical television system. The Ni Pukov CD in this patent is considered as the first TV image grating in the world. However, Pukov himself has never made a model to prove his design. It was not until 1907 that the technical progress of the amplifier tube proved the feasibility of his system. From 1907 to 19 10, Boris Rossing and his student vladimir zworykin verified the TV system with the fast rotating mirror scanning device in the transmitter and the cathode ray tube in the receiver. Boris Rossing left people's sight in the "October Revolution" in 19 17. Zworykin later worked for American Radio Company. He set up a pure electronic TV system there. However, his system was finally considered as infringing the patent of Philo Taylor Farnsworth. 1on June 2nd, 925, John Logie Baird, a scot, successfully developed the first semi-mechanical analog TV system. Later, his system was adopted by the BBC. By 1937, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) terminated this technology. Because at that time, electronic TV systems were more popular with people.
Electronic TV
BBC Although the designs of Pukov, Baird and others have opened a new era in human history. However, these technologies are rarely seen in modern television. Today's TV is more inclined to the early electronic TV system. Category: TV
TV
The word TV has different connotations and extensions in different environments. There are usually three meanings:
-refers to the technology of converting continuous and dynamic images and sounds into electronic signals, transmitting the electronic signals through various channels, and then restoring the electronic signals into images and sounds;
-refers to the equipment that receives such electronic signals, that is, the device that can receive and restore electronic signals into moving and continuous images and sounds, commonly known as TV receivers or TV sets for short;
-A special social and cultural phenomenon refers to the process of information exchange and information dissemination between people, such as the production of TV programs, the transmission and reception of TV signals, and the audience's evaluation and feedback on the content of TV programs.
The story of TV
The audience's evaluation and feedback on the content of TV programs is recognized by the world as one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth century.
history
Television was not invented by anyone. She is the crystallization of a large group of people in different historical periods and different countries. As early as the19th century, people began to discuss and explore ways to convert images into electronic signals. 1900 The word "TV" appeared.
People usually regard John Logie Baird, a scot, as a symbol of the birth of television by scanning the image of a puppet in an experiment in London from 1925 to 10.02. He is called "the father of television". However, this view is controversial. Because, also in that year, American vladimir zworykin showed his TV system to his boss in Westinghouse.
Although the time is the same, the TV systems in John Logie Baird and vladimir zworykin are quite different. Historically, John Logie Baird's television system was called mechanical television, while Sforokin's system was called electronic television. This difference is mainly due to the different transmission and reception principles.
The development of television is complicated. Almost at the same time, many people are doing the same research. In order to put history
Now, television is undergoing a revolution.
-Present situation of TV technology: One of the most obvious features of TV technology at present is digitalization. The first is the digitization of program production. In the late 1990s, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) took the lead in establishing the Columbus system in the world. The system makes the storage, editing and playing of BBC TV programs fully digital, that is, without tape, thus greatly improving the work efficiency of BBC and saving the production cost. In addition, the traditional analog cameras and video tapes are gradually being eliminated by the current television institutions, replaced by digital cameras and various emerging record carriers. This change has greatly improved the image quality. Secondly, the transmission technology is also diversified. In addition to the traditional wireless microwave transmission, there are now cable TV, satellite TV and other transmission methods. These new transmission modes effectively reduce the inevitable attenuation of signals during transmission and ensure better reception quality. Finally, the digital transformation of receiving technology (please see the next point: the status quo of TV sets). The improvement of sound quality and image quality and two-way interaction are the two biggest benefits brought by the wide popularization of digitalization.
-the present situation of TV sets. The TV set used by most people today is not much smaller than it was ten years ago. Because CRT technology is still the most commonly used display technology. The biggest disadvantage of this technology is that the size of the screen is proportional to the volume. And 34 inches is the maximum limit that this technology can reach. This obviously runs counter to people's needs. Therefore, more display technologies have emerged. Such as rear projection TV, LCD TV, plasma TV, etc. At the same time, with the digitalization of TV production and transmission technology, the digitalization of receiving equipment has become inevitable. Digital TV has better display effect and more functions, and can even realize preliminary two-way interaction. Another trend of TV is intelligence, that is, the combination with other electrical appliances, especially with computers. This will make TV more "intelligent" and more functional, thus breaking through the traditional meaning of TV (see "Prospect").
Television media. The rapid development makes people overwhelmed and more confused. Television media is seriously polarized. Well-known TV organizations, such as BBC and CNN, have a strong voice (see "Global Communication"). The degree of specialization is strengthened and the audience is narrower.
In TV news, live broadcast is frequently used to restore the news events themselves more truly. Classic case: CNN's coverage of the Gulf War.
prospect
-TV programming has two directions. One is more realistic. That is, the event itself is more truly restored. For example, CNN's extensive live broadcast of news events is one of them. The other is more dramatic. For example, contrary to CNN, Fox News used a lot of dramatic language in its program to "exaggerate" the American war against Iraq. Of course, the above two directions are just two different directions of program production, which have always existed. It's just that the characteristics have become more prominent recently. In addition, there are narrow programs and special channels.
At the same time, with the development of science and technology, television is increasingly being used as a tool by the state. Because the current national strength is not limited to the traditional "hard" strength such as economy and military. Soft power such as culture should also be considered. Therefore, TV is considered as a good tool to enhance a country's soft power. At present, this trend is getting worse. (See "Global Communication")
Television is a kind of technology and a kind of culture. When its cultural level is challenged by other emerging media (such as the Internet), its influence will inevitably decline as before. However, TV will develop greatly as a technology. In the future, TV technology will be more widely combined with other technologies, thus fully facilitating people's lives. For example, the recent combination of TV technology and mobile communication technology makes it possible to provide mobile TV in Norway first. A few years ago, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) organically combined TV technology with the Internet, and turned its core website [BBCI in http://www.bbc.co.uk] into a huge image database, which was at the forefront of the world media in terms of interactive ability.