Question 2: Overview of balance of payments Balance of payments is a statistical report that systematically records all international economic transactions caused by various foreign exchange in a certain period. We can judge a country by analyzing its balance of payments.
Question 3: Briefly describe the main situation of balance of payments, including balance of payments, which refers to the difference of independent transactions. When this difference is zero, it is called the balance of payments; When this difference is positive, it is called balance of payments surplus; When this difference is negative, it is called balance of payments deficit. The latter two are collectively referred to as the imbalance of international payments.
Including merchandise trade balance, current account balance, basic balance of payments balance and official settlement balance.
Question 4: How should the balance of payments analysis judge a country's balance of payments in a certain period according to the balance of payments table? The commonly used method is balance of payments analysis, that is, by calculating the country's trade balance, current account balance, capital and financial account balance and comprehensive balance, to analyze and judge the country's balance of payments. (1) Trade balance Trade balance refers to the balance of import and export trade, including goods and services. If this difference is positive, it means that this country has a trade surplus; If this difference is negative, it means that the country has a trade deficit; If the difference is zero, it means that the country's trade balance is balanced. When analyzing a country's balance of payments, the trade balance is particularly important. For many countries, the trade balance accounts for a large proportion in the whole balance of payments, and the figures of the trade balance, especially the figures of the trade balance of goods, can be easily collected in time through customs channels, so the size of the trade balance can quickly reflect a country's foreign economic exchanges. The trade balance is particularly important in the balance of payments because it shows a country's independent foreign exchange earning capacity, reflects the international competitiveness of a country's industrial structure and products and its position in the international division of labor, is the basis of a country's foreign economic exchanges, and affects and restricts the changes of other accounts. (2) Current account balance The current account balance is the difference between the total creditor's rights of a country's goods, services, income and current transfer items in a certain period of time. When the total amount of credit is greater than the total amount of debit, the current account has a surplus; When the total amount of credit is less than the total amount of debit, the current account is a deficit; When the total amount of credit equals the total amount of debit, the current account is balanced. The main difference between the current account balance and the trade balance lies in the income account balance. Because the income item mainly reflects the income of capital through direct investment or securities investment, if a country's net foreign assets are larger, the more income it gets from abroad, and the country's current account is more likely to have a surplus. On the contrary, if a country's net foreign debt is larger, the more it pays abroad, and the country's current account is more prone to deficit. The current account balance is one of the most important balance of payments in balance of payments analysis. If there is a current account surplus, it means that the country's overseas net assets have increased due to the existence of goods, services, income and net creditors that are frequently transferred. In other words, the current account surplus means that the country's net foreign investment has increased. If there is a current account deficit, it means that the country's net overseas assets are reduced due to the existence of goods, services, income and net debits that are frequently transferred, that is, the current account deficit means that the country's net foreign investment is reduced. (III) Difference between capital and financial accounts The difference between capital account and direct investment, securities investment and other investment items in the balance of payments account is the net difference. The difference has the following two meanings: first, it reflects a country's ability to provide financing for current accounts. According to the principle of double-entry bookkeeping, a trade flow in the balance of payments usually corresponds to a financial flow. When there is a deficit in the current account, there must be a corresponding surplus in the capital and financial accounts, which means that a country uses the net inflow of financial assets to provide financing for the current account. Therefore, the greater the difference, the stronger the ability to provide financing for the current account on behalf of a country. Second, the difference can also reflect the degree of development and openness of a country's financial market. With the continuous development of economic and financial globalization, capital and financial accounts are not limited to providing financing for current accounts, or international capital flows have gradually got rid of their dependence on international trade and presented a relatively independent movement law. The difference between capital and financial account will reflect the openness of national financial market and this independent law of capital movement. (IV) Comprehensive Balance The balance obtained by combining the current account balance with the balance of capital and financial accounts, or excluding the errors and omissions in official reserves and balance of payments accounts, is called the comprehensive balance of payments, which is a comprehensive indicator for comprehensively measuring a country's balance of payments. Usually, the balance of payments refers to the comprehensive balance of payments. If the comprehensive balance is positive, it means that the country has a surplus in its balance of payments; If the comprehensive balance is negative, it is said that the country's balance of payments is in deficit; If the comprehensive balance is zero, it is called the balance of payments of the country. The comprehensive balance of international payments is of great significance, which can be used to judge the changes of a country's foreign exchange reserves and the future trend of currency exchange rate. If the comprehensive balance is positive, the country's foreign exchange reserves will continue to increase and the domestic currency will ... >; & gt
Question 5: What is the payment of balance of payments? A systematic record of the monetary value of all foreign economic transactions of a country in a specific period can be used to compare the economic activities of a country with those of other countries.
Balance of payments refers to the difference between independent transactions. When this difference is zero, it is called "balance of payments"; When this difference is positive, it is called "balance of payments surplus"; When this difference is negative, it is called "balance of payments deficit". The latter two are collectively referred to as "balance of payments imbalance".
The caliber of international balance of payments imbalance: commodity trade balance, current account balance, basic international balance of payments balance, official settlement balance.
Types of balance of payments imbalance: periodic imbalance, structural imbalance, price imbalance and income imbalance.
Question 6: How to calculate the balance of payments China's balance of payments consists of four parts: current account, capital account and financial account, reserve assets, net error and omission.
Current account, including the import and export of various material goods, labor income and expenditure, non-trade income from investment, remittances between relatives and other current transfer items. When these projects make China's foreign exchange income greater than expenditure, lenders greater than borrowers, and the current account balance shows a surplus difference, on the contrary, there is a current account deficit difference. hungry
Capital and financial projects, including investment donations, capital projects of selling land and patent rights, financial projects of direct investment and securities investment and other loan projects. When the amount of capital flowing into China from foreign countries is greater than that flowing into foreign countries, there will be a surplus balance of capital account, and vice versa.
Reserve assets, mainly including monetary gold (1107.40,4 4. 10/0,0.37%), special drawing rights, reserve positions in the IMF and foreign exchange, play a role in balancing international payments. When there is a surplus or deficit between the current account and the capital account, this account can be used to balance it. For example, in the balance of payments table of 20 1 1 released not long ago, last year, the current account surplus was $21700 million, the capital account surplus was $2.21100 million, and the total "double surplus" was $422.8 billion. The table shows that the amount of reserve assets is 3878.
However, why are the reserve assets used to balance the surplus less than 35 billion yuan? This is the reason why there is a fourth "net error and omission" in the balance of payments. Because the statistical methods of measuring labor, trade and capital accounts in the table are different, the statistical methods of different countries are also different, and errors will occur. For standardization, the error data should also be listed in the table.
Question 7: Why is the total balance of payments = current account balance+capital and financial account balance+net error and omission not equal to 0? Foreign exchange control under capital account refers to the control of various foreign exchange lending items recorded under capital account in the balance of payments. Foreign exchange under this item is not freely convertible, and accordingly, foreign exchange lending under the current item is freely convertible. Data: balance of payments
First of all, the concept of balance of payments
Balance of payments refers to a systematic record of the monetary value of economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign residents within a certain period (usually one year). The so-called "residents", according to the definition of the International Monetary Fund, include ordinary people, individuals, enterprises and non-profit organizations. The so-called economic transaction generally refers to the exchange of value, the transfer of goods, services and assets from one country to another, and the payment and income of the corresponding currency. There is also a unilateral transfer account.
Balance of payments is a concept of flow, which should be specific to which period. The balance of payments is one of the most important economic indicators in an open economy.
Two. Balance of payments statement
Balance of payments is a statistical table that records, classifies and sorts out the details of balance of payments in a country or region in a specific form.
Compilation principle: double entry bookkeeping
Accounting method:
(1) Items that generate domestic foreign exchange income shall be filled with "+"(which may be omitted).
(2) Any item that causes domestic foreign exchange expenditure shall be debited and filled with "-".
The main contents of the balance of payments:
(1) Current account
The current account mainly reflects the actual resource transfer between one country and other countries, and it is the most important item in the balance of payments. Current account includes goods (trade), services (intangible trade), income and unilateral transfer (current transfer). The current account surplus indicates that the country is a net lender, while the current account deficit indicates that the country is a net borrower.
(2) Capital and financial projects
Capital and financial projects reflect international capital flows, including long-term or short-term capital outflows and capital inflows. It is the second largest item in the balance of payments.
Capital account includes capital transfer and purchase or sale of unproductive and non-financial assets. The former is mainly investment donation and debt cancellation; The latter is mainly to buy or sell land and intangible assets (patents, copyrights, trademarks, etc. ).
Financial accounts include direct investment, securities investment (indirect investment) and other investments (including international credit and advance payment, etc. ).
(3) Net error and omission
In order to make the total debit of the balance of payments equal to the total credit, the watchmaker artificially sets this item in the balance sheet to offset the net debit balance or the net credit balance.
(4) Reserves and related items
Reserves and related items include foreign exchange, gold and allocated special drawing rights.
Special Drawing Rights (SDR) is a new international reserve asset created by the International Monetary Fund in the form of international financial cooperation. A unit of account allocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to member countries according to their contributions. It was officially released by the IMF at 1970. The SDR allocated by member countries can be used as reserve assets to make up the balance of payments deficit and repay the loan of the International Monetary Fund. Also known as "paper gold".
Calculation formula:
Total balance of payments = current account balance+capital and financial account balance+net errors and omissions
Total balance of payments+change in reserve assets =0
Each difference = the credit figure of the project minus the debit figure.
Foreign exchange control: the state manages and restricts foreign exchange business activities such as international settlement, foreign exchange receipts and payments, transactions and exchange rates through laws and regulations, with the aim of effectively utilizing foreign exchange, preventing foreign exchange speculation, limiting capital inflows and outflows, improving international payments and stabilizing exchange rates. Foreign exchange control is the product of the development of international economic relations to a certain stage. In order to balance the balance of payments and deal with the unstable factors in the international financial field, all countries in the contemporary world implement foreign exchange control to varying degrees.
China's current foreign exchange control under capital account is to prevent financial risks and stabilize the domestic economic order. Due to the low degree of commercialization of China's commercial banks and imperfect financial supervision rules, moderate management of foreign exchange under capital account is the need of current economic development.
Balance of payments statement: an accounting statement prepared by the balance of payments according to the principle of specific account classification and double-entry bookkeeping.
1. Specific account classification
Current account: an account that records the international flow of real resources.
1) Goods: general goods, goods to be processed, goods repair, goods purchased by various means of transport at ports and non-monetary gold.
2) service: > >;
Question 8: Is the trade balance the same as the balance of payments? The trade deficit is different from the balance of payments deficit. You can look at the balance of payments. The balance of payments mainly consists of three items: 1. Current account 2. Capital account 3. Official settlement balance. Generally speaking, trade surplus and trade deficit refer to current account surplus and deficit. The difference payment means: net export (NX)= net capital outflow (NCO). For example, in the United States, the current account is a deficit, but the capital account is a surplus, that is, the net inflow of capital, so it is generally balanced. China's double surplus in current account and capital account means that China has huge official reserves, and the direction should be outflow, which means that we buy and hold foreign assets.
Question 9: What are the balance of payments items? Balance of payments refers to the absolute value of the difference between a country's total international income and total international expenditure in a certain period (quarter or year). If the total income is greater than the total expenditure, it is surplus, otherwise it is deficit. Because the balance of payments is calculated according to the total amount of income and expenditure, it is also called comprehensive balance of payments.
Balance of payments includes current account balance and capital account balance.
Question 10: the balance of payments is first of all the trade balance. Second, the current account balance. Third, the balance of payments is basically balanced. Fourth, official settlement differences. Fifth, comprehensive differences.