In 1891, the German Linde Company began air liquefaction work in the laboratory of the Refrigeration Machinery Manufacturing Company.
In 1895, Professor Linde used the Joule-Thomson effect to create the first liquid air device.
In 1901, Linde established a cryogenic equipment manufacturing workshop in Munich.
In 1902, the first single-stage distillation tower air separation equipment designed by Linde was built. French Kraut invented the expander and established the Air Liquefaction Company in Paris.
In 1903, Linde Company produced the first industrial 10m3/h oxygen generator, using a high-pressure throttling process.
In 1910, France made the first 50m3/h oxygen concentrator using a medium-pressure process with a piston expander.
In 1920, German Hyland invented a high-pressure process with an expander that could produce liquid oxygen.
In 1924, Frankel suggested using metal-filled regenerators instead of general heat exchangers in large air separation plants.
In 1926, Frankl proposed a common form of regenerator.
In 1930, Linde Company built the first industrial-scale Linde-Frankel device, with a output of 255m3/h and a purity of 99.5% O2.
In 1932, the turbine expander was first used in the Linde-Frankel device. Germany used oxygen for the first time in the metallurgical and ammonia industries.
In 1939, the Soviet Union created a high-efficiency turboexpander and began research on all-low-pressure air separation equipment.
In 1947, Linde Company was committed to full-low pressure industrial oxygen manufacturing equipment. The Soviet Union began to design large-scale industrial oxygen devices with all low-pressure processes.
In 1949, the United States applied the plate-warping heat exchanger to a 29,000m3/h oxygen generator for the first time.
In 1952, Austria was the first to use pure oxygen top-blown converter to make steel, which promoted a sharp increase in metallurgical oxygen consumption.
In 1955, the United States vigorously developed missiles and consumed large amounts of liquid oxygen as a combustion accelerant.
In 1957, the first automatically operated 120 tons/day oxygen concentrator was built.
In 1960, Japan completed dual high-purity large-scale full low-voltage equipment of 10000m3/h99.6%O2 and 10000m3/h99.99%N2.
In 1972, France built the world's largest capacity pure oxygen air separation equipment: 1,700 tons/day O2 and 1,500 tons/day N2.
Larger units are currently being studied.
1-2 Development History of Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen Production
Since the invention of pressure swing adsorption separation technology, it has been widely used in the separation and purification of gas mixtures.
First, in 1958, Skarstorm patented and applied the technology to separate air. At the same time, Gerin de Montgareuil and Domine also applied for patents in France. The difference between the two is that the Skarstorm cycle uses part of the low-pressure light product components to flush and desorb after the bed adsorption is saturated, while the Gerin-Domine cycle uses vacuum for desorption.
In 1960, a large-scale industrial device for pressure swing adsorption air separation was built.
In 1961, a pressure swing adsorption separation process was used to recover high-purity n-alkanes from naphtha, and was named the Isosiv process. In 1964, the process for recovering n-alkanes from kerosene fractions was perfected.
In 1966, a four-tower process device for hydrogen extraction using pressure swing adsorption technology was built. After the 1970s, multi-tower operation with more than four towers was adopted, and it developed towards large-scale and large-scale operation.
In 1970, an industrial device for separating and recovering oxygen was built to meet the needs of biochemical treatment of environmentally friendly industrial sewage. At the same time, it is widely used in the Hysomer process of extracting n-alkanes from naphtha, and then adding the isomerization product to the gasoline fraction through isomerization to increase its octane.
In 1975, a medical oxygen-enriched concentrator was trial-produced. In 1976, a nitrogen production process using carbon molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption was developed and industrialized. Subsequently, a 5A zeolite molecular sieve vacuum nitrogen production process was adopted. By 1983, Germany introduced carbon molecular sieves with excellent performance for nitrogen production.
By 1979, approximately half of all air dryers used Skarstrom's pressure swing adsorption process. Pressure swing adsorption is more effective than temperature swing adsorption for drying air or industrial gases. In 1980, the rapid pressure swing adsorption process (also known as parametric pump pressure swing adsorption) was developed.
Since the 1990s, due to the shortage of electric energy, pressure swing adsorption oxygen production has occupied a place in steelmaking and other fields.
1-2-1 my country’s research on pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology
my country’s development of pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology started early, and research on zeolite molecular sieves began in 1966 Air separation oxygen production technology; PSA air separation oxygen production technology in the 1970s has been widely used in industrial fields such as steel, smelting and glass kilns. For more than 20 years, due to the dispersion of technical forces and lack of communication between each other, the development of my country's pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology has been slow, and the gap with foreign countries has become wider and wider. The 1970s was the heyday of the development of PSA separation air oxygen production technology in my country. More than a dozen units across the country successively carried out experimental research on pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology and established several sets of industrial test equipment. The most common points of the pressure swing adsorption oxygen production equipment developed during this period are the following aspects:
(1) Most of them adopt higher than atmospheric pressure adsorption and normal pressure desorption processes, and the adsorption towers have two to four
(2) The air undergoes dehydration pretreatment before entering the adsorption tower;
(3) The equipment has poor reliability and cannot operate continuously and stably, resulting in most equipment being scrapped;
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(4) Technical and economic indicators are backward.
In the 1980s, the development projects of units originally engaged in the development of pressure swing adsorption oxygen production equipment were suspended one after another, and the development of my country's pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology once again entered a trough.
The completion of the VSAO 1000Nm3/h oxygen generator in Luoyang Iron and Steel Plant in Henan Province marks that pressure swing adsorption has officially entered the industrial field in my country, and also marks that pressure swing adsorption has entered a period of rapid development in my country.
The 1990s was a period of rapid development of my country's pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology. The pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology gradually matured, and the comprehensive technical and economic indicators of some products were close to the advanced foreign levels. Years of practice have shown that my country's pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology has moved out of the laboratory and into the practical stage. In the past ten years, through continuous technological updates and research and development, my country's pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology has made rapid progress and developed rapidly, and the gap with the world's advanced level is constantly narrowing. However, from an overall level, there is still a certain gap between my country and the international advanced level in many aspects. Such as research on new high-performance adsorbents, improvement of adsorption processes, theoretical analysis and research and establishment of mathematical models, quality monitoring and automated control, and many other aspects.