How to write a business plan
Generally speaking, the business plan should include business type, capital planning, capital source, allocation ratio of total capital, stage goal, financial estimation, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, entrepreneurial motivation, shareholder list and scheduled number of employees. The specific content should generally include the following eleven aspects:
(1) cover page
The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic, and a good cover will give readers a preliminary impression and form a good first impression.
(2) Plan summary
The outline of the plan covers the main points of the plan, making it clear at a glance, so that readers can review the plan and make judgments in the shortest time. The plan summary mainly includes the following contents: company introduction, managers and their organizations, main products and business scope, market overview, marketing strategy, sales plan, production management plan, financial plan, capital demand, etc.
Try to be concise and vivid. In particular, it is necessary to explain the differences between their own enterprises and their successful market factors.
(3) Introduction of the enterprise
The purpose of this part is not to describe the whole plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate the company's strategic goals.
industry analysis
In the industry analysis, we should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics, competition status and future development trend of the selected industry.
Typical problems about industry analysis:
(1) How developed is this industry? What is the current development trend?
(2) What role does innovation and technological progress play in this industry?
(3) What is the total sales of this industry? What's the total income? What is the development trend?
(4) What is the price trend?
(5) What impact does economic development have on this industry? How does the government affect the industry?
(6) What factors determine its development?
(7) What is the essence of competition? What kind of strategy will you adopt?
(8) What are the barriers to entry into this industry? How will you overcome it? What is the typical rate of return in this industry?
(5) Introduction of products (services)
The product introduction should include the following contents: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; Introduction of main products; Market competitiveness of products; Product development process; Plan and cost analysis of developing new products; Market prospect forecast of products; Brand and patent of products, etc.
In the product (service) introduction part, entrepreneurs should make a detailed description of the product (service), which should be accurate and easy to understand, so that non-professional investors can understand it. In general, product introduction should be accompanied by product prototype, photos or other introductions.
(6) Personnel and organizational structure
In the production activities of enterprises, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management and so on. And human resource management is a very important link.
Because of the development of today's society, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people's initiative and creativity. Enterprises should follow scientific principles and methods to manage such resources well.
In the business plan, it is necessary to define the main managers, introduce their abilities, their duties and responsibilities in the enterprise, and their past detailed experiences and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, the company structure should also be briefly introduced, including: the organization chart of the company; Functions and responsibilities of various departments; Heads of departments and main members; The company's salary system; List of shareholders of the company, including stock options, proportions and privileges; Board members of the company; Background information of directors.
Experience and past success are more convincing than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason.
(7) Market forecast
It shall include the following contents:
1, demand forecast;
2. Market forecast: an overview of the current market situation;
3. Overview of competitors;
4. Target customers and target markets;
5. The market position of the products of this enterprise, etc.
(8) Marketing strategy
Misunderstanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for the failure of enterprises.
In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:
(1) Selection of market organization and marketing channels;
(2) Marketing team and management;
(3) Promotion plan and advertising strategy;
(4) Price decision.
(9) Manufacturing plan
The manufacturing plan in the business plan shall include the following contents:
1, product manufacturing and technical equipment status;
2, new product production plan;
3, technical upgrading and equipment update requirements;
4, quality control and quality improvement plan.
(10) financial planning
Financial planning generally includes the following contents:
The emphasis is on the preparation of cash flow statement, balance sheet and income statement.
Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise, so when an enterprise starts or expands, it needs to be carefully planned in advance and strictly controlled in the process;
The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation; The balance sheet reflects the state of the enterprise at a certain moment, and investors can use the ratio index obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the operating status and possible return on investment of the enterprise.
(1 1) Risk and risk management
(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?
(2) How will you deal with these risks?
(3) What additional opportunities do you think your company has?
(4) How to expand based on your capital?
(5) How does your five-year plan perform under the best and worst conditions?
If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate how big your error range is. If possible, make the best and worst settings for your key parameters.
Writing a complete business plan is of great significance to the perfection and promotion of the project.
1. The quality of a business plan often determines the success or failure of an investment transaction. For start-up venture enterprises, the role of business plan is particularly important. When you choose the goal of starting a business and determine the motivation of starting a business, all the conditions such as capital, contacts and market are ready or have accumulated considerable strength. At this time, you must provide a complete business plan, which is the soul of the whole business process.
2. From the enterprise growth experience, products and services, market, marketing, management team, ownership structure, organization and personnel, finance, operation and financing scheme. Only a business plan with detailed content, rich data, complete system and exquisite binding can attract investors, let them know about your business operation plan and make your financing demand become a reality. The quality of business plan is very important for entrepreneurs' project financing.
3. In order to win the favor of investors, good financing planning and financial packaging are essential links in the financing process, and the most important thing is to make a high-quality business plan in line with international practice. At present, the success rate of China enterprises in international financing is not high, not because the project itself is not good, nor the return on investment of the project is not high, but because investors are disappointed with the sloppy business plan and planning ability of the project.
4. The drafting of business plan is as complicated as the business itself, which requires not only full research on the industry and market, but also good writing skills. For a developing enterprise, a professional business plan is not only a necessary material for finding investment, but also a process of comprehensive thinking and repositioning the current situation and future development strategy of the enterprise.
The impact of business plans on teams and projects is self-evident. A business plan is the first step to really start a business trip. Only by taking this step well will the future road be smoother.
Model business plan
I. Summary
A gift development planning agency once conducted a survey of thousands of people in the gift market. A person gives gifts 267 times a year, and the least is twice, with an average of 3.9 times. Among the gifts, the most expensive 1288 yuan and the cheapest 1 1 yuan, with an average of 35.6 yuan. According to the above data, calculate the gift market: the national population is 65.438+0.3 billion? Give gifts 3.9 times a year? The gift amount per person is 35.6 yuan = the market capacity is 65.438+0.805 billion yuan. Emotion is a concept with universal significance, which includes affection, friendship and love. Emotion is everywhere, condensed in the relationships among classmates, colleagues, comrades-in-arms, teachers and students, superiors and subordinates, parents, brothers, sisters, elders, younger generations, confidants, lovers and so on. The simplest, most direct and most effective way for people to express their feelings is to give gifts. Emotional gift industry is an attractive new industry. As a new economic growth point, developed countries have gradually matured in various grades. In China, this industry is still in the initial stage of development. Its market potential is huge.
Second, the company description
1. Company name: Xi Anxinrui Trading Co., Ltd.-x98 Arts and Crafts Professional Chain Store
2. Company tenet: Let happiness accompany and carry out parity to the end.
3. Company service: a gift, a heart, a blessing and a happiness.
4. Company form: joint-stock system
5. Company operation mode: independent chain operation.
Third, the company's business strategy
1, industry status
On the one hand, there are birthday gift shops and fashion jewelry chain stores specially set around birthday themes. What are the main ones at present? Guangzhou Qicai loves oxygen, right? 、? Happy 365? 、? In the mood for love? 、? 5 15 1 color keer Ayaya fashion youth? And so on. The mode of operation is franchising, and its price is higher, with an average profit rate of at least 50%, and some as high as 100% or even more than 200%. The management system is not perfect, and the development of franchisees is uneven, so there is no real scale benefit.
On the other hand, it is a traditional individual shop or couple shop. Although it has been operating for many years, it has no scale, no brand effect, low knowledge and credit, and unsatisfactory economic benefits. It should be just a means of making a living to support the family.
2. Market analysis
According to the survey, there are three kinds of gift-giving phenomena: first, it is very common for some enterprises to give their employees birthdays as an important means to improve the cohesion of enterprises; Second, some business people use birthday gifts as family chips and play family cards in their business dealings; Third, in school, giving students birthdays has become a trend. These three phenomena have led to the scope of gift-giving beyond the past simple affection, friendship and love, especially for students. There are more than 100 universities, private and other higher education institutions in Xi, with more than 100 students. This makes the gift market broader.
3. Business model
We will expand our strategy in the form of self-operated specialty store chain, focusing on opening specialty stores in the commercial street around the university, and making full use of local wholesalers to cooperate by installment delivery and installment settlement. Carry out brand promotion, strive to make the company's brand bigger and stronger within three years, and then quickly promote the company's snowball development.
4. Market strategy
Implement unified store, brand, image, purchase, price, service quality and management system for comprehensive and unified management. Create economies of scale.
Fourth, competition analysis.
1, competitor's individual store, couple store. Their business philosophy is relatively backward, and their awareness of market economy and law is relatively weak. Therefore, the limitations of their management are relatively large, and the thinking of small farmers is more serious. Therefore, the quality of the goods they operate cannot be guaranteed, the purchase channels are limited, the varieties are single, and the service is poor. At the same time, the fashion novelty of goods is not strong, especially it can not attract the personalized needs of the younger generation. As a chain store, relying on strong financial strength and unified operation mode, we can ensure the quality of goods from the source of purchase, reduce the cost of goods from all aspects such as circulation, and face consumers with more favorable prices and better goods. At the same time, chain stores can carry out some promotional activities and advertise, while farm stores and mom-and-pop stores take care of each other and generally only stay in the traditional word of mouth. Moreover, because of their small storefront, they can't compete with it in several aspects, and the shopping environment is not ideal, so they can't provide consumers with better shopping enjoyment and freedom.
2. Competitors' birthday gift stores and fashion jewelry stores. It has certain standardization, scale and specialization, and the products are more fashionable and personalized. However, its price is high and its profit margin is large. Moreover, the strength of its affiliated companies varies greatly, and the management system is not perfect. In particular, some companies only pay attention to the development of the number of franchise stores and charge franchise fees. While ignoring the support of franchisees, follow-up services and regional protection. As a result, the management of franchise stores is chaotic, the development is uneven, it is difficult to unify, and they are fragmented, losing the advantages and scale benefits of franchise chains. As a professional chain store, there is no intermediate link between direct management and chain operation. We have more abundant product reserves, more professional management, more affordable prices and more humanized services. So as to meet people's personalized and fashionable gift-giving needs to the greatest extent and solve the practical difficulties of gift-giving and gift-giving. A gift, a heart, a blessing, a happiness, conveys the concept of happy consumption and leads the new trend of happy consumption. Compared with this, it has strong competitiveness.
Key points of verb operation (abbreviation of verb)
1, employee requirements: a. Sales staff: honest and trustworthy, responsible, self-motivated, with strong reaction ability and professionalism;
B. Manager: You must be a shop assistant for six months before you can take up your post.
2. Staffing: one-star standard store manager 1 name, deputy store manager 1 name, and 2 shop assistants (50 square meters).
3. Salary system: establish a humanized salary system, dynamically distribute wages and bonuses, and employees can participate in dividends. Maximize the retention of talents;
4. The principle of employing people: give every employee full trust and opportunity, and do what he can.
5. Store area: one-star standard store 50- 100 square meters, Samsung image store 100-200 square meters, five-star flagship store 200 square meters;
6. Pricing principle: a. New products (special products) will be listed in the form of x9.8 yuan, such as 9.819.829.8;
B. Promotional products (unsalable products after one month) should be changed from 9.8 to 5, such as 5 1525.
C. Special price products (unsalable products after three months) are degraded for sale, such as 5 19.8 for 9.8 and 19.8 for 29.8.
7. Profit rate: a. Unique fashion goods (goods sold by non-local wholesalers) are 50%;
B.40% of general personalized fashion goods (goods that are not sold in neighboring peer shops);
C. Conventional personalized fashion goods (goods sold in neighboring shops) are 35%;
D selling competitive goods 30-25% (except the above-mentioned A and B goods).
8. Promotional activities: a. Consumer card: all consumers who enter the store can get it, and the accumulated membership card can be exchanged for 29.8 to attract new customers to spend again;
B. membership card: you can get it if you spend (cumulatively) 29.8 yuan, and enjoy more membership discounts to consolidate old customers;
C. Joint venture: Joint venture with cake shops, flower shops and etiquette companies. , broaden sales channels;
D. sponsorship: participate in various activities such as friendship, literature and art in neighboring universities, carry out appropriate publicity, and improve visibility;
E. instead of sending: because of busy, embarrassing, business and other needs, sending a gift and a blessing is more humane;
F. Group purchase: holiday gifts, conferences and commemorative souvenirs from schools, institutions, enterprises and institutions;
G. Holidays: New Year's Day, Valentine's Day, Christmas, etc. will continue to carry out special offers, gifts and other preferential activities to enhance popularity.
H. Create your own day: In ordinary days, you can find ways to create activity days, such as reconciliation day, apology day, miss you day and so on.
Financial analysis of intransitive verbs
1, upfront investment
According to the current situation of the industry, a one-star standard store (same industry scale 10-30 square meters) will be opened, with a business area of 50 square meters, a rent of more than 6,000 yuan/month, a three-way payment of more than 24,000 yuan, a shelf and decoration of more than10,000 yuan, and a payment of 654.38+10,000 yuan. It is estimated to be 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. In the early stage, it is planned to open five one-star standard stores with a total investment of about 750,000 yuan.
2. Financing methods
The company raised 800,000 yuan from 3 to 6 shareholders, with 5,000 yuan per share, accounting for 65,438+060 shares. Adopting the mode of zero debt in advance, when the development of the enterprise is further accelerated, it can apply for a certain loan from the bank, so that the company can get rolling development.
3. Investment income
According to the one-month term of a one-star standard store, the operating income is 60,000 yuan, the operating income profit rate is 35%, and the operating profit is 2 1 10,000 yuan. Operating cost1.2000 yuan, including rent of 6000 yuan, tax of 1.00 yuan, salary of employees of 4000 yuan (4 persons), and packaging and gift bags of 1.00 yuan. The monthly net profit is 9000 yuan, that is, the annual net profit 108000 yuan. The payback period of investment is 1.5 years.
VII. Long-term Planning
Mainly engaged in student gifts, business gifts, home accessories and so on. , constantly copying specialty stores and rolling development in the form of professional chains. Take Xi 'an as the starting point and lay a good foundation. It has developed to the surrounding western cities such as Chengdu, Chongqing and Zhengzhou, and has been repeated to the whole country on this basis. More than 65,438+0,000 specialty chain stores will be opened, making it the largest specialty chain store of arts and crafts in China.