The etiology of esophageal cancer is complex, and most of them are the result of the comprehensive action of many factors. It is generally believed that it is related to smoking, drinking, eating hot and coarse food, moldy sauerkraut, eating chemical carcinogens, malnutrition, unsanitary mouth, chronic esophagitis, genetic or immune dysfunction.
50% of the diseases occurred in the middle esophagus, 30% in the lower esophagus and 20% in the upper esophagus, among which squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 90%, others were adenocarcinoma, spinous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and sarcoma. Lymphatic tract is the most common route of metastasis, and it can also spread directly in the esophageal wall, and can be transferred to the whole body through blood in the late stage.
The cardia is part of the stomach. In surgery, it is usually classified as thoracic group. The tissue types in this area are staggered by squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium. Besides adenocarcinoma, there are some squamous cell carcinomas.
Esophageal cancer and cardiac cancer have similar clinical symptoms and diagnosis and treatment methods, so they are discussed together.
clinical picture
1. Symptoms of esophageal cancer:
(1) Early symptoms (stage 0 ~ Ⅰ):
① When eating, there is slight discomfort or pain behind the sternum, which often disappears after a few seconds, so it is often ignored or forgotten, and it is simply ignored by patients.
② When swallowing, the esophagus feels uncomfortable or foreign body sensation. Patients often think that eating rough food once caused the esophagus to be rubbed.
3 When eating, I feel that the food stays somewhere in the esophagus for a short time, as if there is endless food in the esophagus, so I like to swallow.
④ When swallowing, you often burp and your upper abdomen is full. This symptom mostly occurs in lower esophageal cancer and cardiac cancer.
The above four symptoms are not unique to early esophageal cancer. Other diseases, such as chronic esophagitis and pharyngoesophageal neurosis (called plum nuclear gas in western medicine and hysteria in traditional Chinese medicine) also exist, so we should pay attention to differentiation.
(2) symptoms in the middle and late stage (Ⅱ ~ Ⅳ):
① Dysphagia: Progressive dysphagia is the most prominent symptom of esophageal cancer. 1 often finds that when eating dry food or hard and tasteless food, it will choke on the affected part after swallowing and then be sent by soup. After that, as long as you pay a little attention to your diet, it will often be smooth. When swallowing obstruction occurs again, the interval is as short as 1 ~ 2 days and as long as 1 ~ 2 months, which makes patients think it is "qi stagnation" or accidental phenomenon and fail to seek medical treatment in time. Generally speaking, dysphagia will gradually increase with the extension of the course of the disease. At first, people can't eat dry or hard food, but later they can only eat soft, semi-liquid, liquid or even dripping water. However, the degree of swallowing obstruction and the time when symptoms appear sooner or later are not completely consistent with the severity of the lesion. In some cases, the cancer tissue grows in a ring shape, and when the whole circumference of the esophagus is tired, the obstruction occurs earlier (stenosis type); If the tumor grows on one side of the esophageal wall, although the affected side is stiff, it is still soft on the side wall and can still expand, and the swallowing difficulty is not obvious. Sometimes the cancer tissue is necrotic and exfoliated (mostly in mushroom umbrella or medullary shape) or treated with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, the narrow lumen is temporarily enlarged, and the obstructive symptoms can be relieved in a short time, so the dysphagia is light and heavy, and it is gradually aggravated in a spiral shape.
Some dysphagia is accompanied by other symptoms, which is of certain significance for diagnosing the lesion site and its infiltration and metastasis to the surrounding area. Such as dysphagia, accompanied by food flowing out of the nasal cavity, suggesting that the nerves or muscles that dominate or assist swallowing are diseased; Dysphagia with hoarseness suggests that the tumor invades the larynx or compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve; Dysphagia with burping suggests esophageal terminal lesions; Dysphagia is accompanied by dysphonia and aspiration, suggesting bulbar palsy; Cough caused by swallowing food or drinking water suggests the possibility of esophageal, tracheal and bronchial fistula.
② Vomiting food and sticky mucus: Because cancer blocks the esophagus, food often vomits immediately after eating. If cancer occurs in the lower esophagus or cardia, once infarction occurs, saliva and esophageal secretions (inflammation of cancer tissue or vagus nerve reflex, increased secretions) cannot descend into the stomach, so they stay in the dilated esophagus above the lesion, causing a certain degree of esophageal peristalsis and spitting out a lot of tough mucus similar to egg white. Or accompanied by food residue, it is more comfortable after vomiting, and sometimes it is suddenly blocked when eating. It is also because the viscous secretion is stuck in the narrow lumen, which hinders the delivery of food. Once the mucus is spit out, you can continue to enter a proper diet.
③ Swallowing pain: It is caused by local ulcer of cancer (mostly ulcer or medullary type) or inflammation. When eating, food can directly stimulate the focus, and at the same time make the upper and lower esophagus produce strong reflex contraction, so pain is directly related to eating. Pain is usually dull, burning or stinging. Fluid pain occurs quickly, but it is mild. When you eat sticky or solid food, the pain appears heavier and slower. The location of pain is basically consistent with the focus.
④ Chest and back pain: Late esophageal cancer invades outward, causing esophagitis, mediastinitis or invading peripheral organs, especially nerves, which will cause chest and back pain. If the pleura is invaded and the spinal nerve is compressed, persistent chest pain will occur. If severe pain is accompanied by fever, it is often a precursor to perforation of esophageal lesions.
⑤ emaciation and fatigue: with the progress of the disease, eating difficulties and malnutrition may occur; The stimulation and consumption of cancer toxin will lead to dehydration, anemia and emaciation, dry mouth, constipation, irritability, weak pulse and other symptoms of yin and yang deficiency referred to by one school of Chinese medicine.
⑥ Other symptoms: When the cancer metastasizes to the neck and supraclavicular fossa, lumps and swollen and hard lymph nodes may appear, sometimes the metastatic focus appears first, and then dysphagia occurs; High esophageal cancer, invasion of larynx and trachea, or obstruction of esophageal cavity, causing reverse peristalsis, liquid overflowing into trachea or perforation of cancer, causing esophagotracheal fistula, can all cause cough; When the tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve, hoarseness will occur.
2. Symptoms of cardiac cancer: The symptoms of cardiac cancer are often similar to those of lower esophageal cancer, especially in the early stage, with no obvious specific symptoms, sometimes manifested as epigastric discomfort, slight pain, burning pain or mild swallowing obstruction, or accompanied by symptoms such as loss of appetite and indigestion. The above symptoms are intermittent and gradually aggravated. Dysphagia mostly occurs in the late stage, which is lighter than esophageal cancer and develops slowly. Most cases that can be found by routine X-ray examination are advanced. Cancer further expands or invades the gastric fundus, often causing local bleeding, mainly chronic oozing blood, but also a lot of bleeding. Some cases were treated with anemia symptoms first, but many tests failed to confirm the diagnosis. Only after endoscopic examination was the cancer of cardia and fundus of stomach discovered. In very advanced cases, with the invasion of cancer around and far away, corresponding pain and other symptoms appear.
diagnose
1.X-ray diagnosis: X-ray barium radiography (including routine examination and special examination) can be qualitative, stereotyped and located, objectively reflect the condition, and provide basis for clinical treatment and curative effect observation. This is a painless, economical, simple and practical method for examining esophageal and cardiac cancer at present. However, X-ray also has limitations, and it is more accurate for middle and advanced cases. Early cases are hard to find unless they are highly professional researchers. If the patient has suspicious symptoms and is negative after routine X-ray examination, special X-ray examination should be carried out if possible, such as X-ray shooting, video recording, abdominal pressure, double esophagography, pneumoperitoneum plus double esophagography, gas examination under X-ray fluoroscopy, azygos venography, esophageal wave counting and so on. Or esophageal pull-up and fiberoptic examination. Don't believe that there is no problem just because there is no abnormality in routine X-ray fluoroscopy or filming, which will delay the illness.
2. Cytological examination: Early esophageal cancer can be found by drawing out the outline with an esophageal cytology sampler and scraping it to find cancer cells.
3. Esophagoscopy: Esophagoscopy can directly peep at the focus and take biopsy for pathological examination, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of esophageal and cardiac cancer. Esophagoscopy is divided into straight tube (hard tube) and fiber endoscope. Hard tubes are more painful for patients. At present, fiber endoscope has been widely used, which has the characteristics of accuracy, simplicity and less pain for patients, and basically replaces the above inspection methods.
The clinicopathological stages of esophageal cancer are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Clinicopathological Stages of Esophageal Cancer
Staged lesion length and lesion range metastasis
Early morning is not limited to mucous membrane.
There was no submucosal invasion within 3 cm in stage ⅰ.
There was no invasion of middle ⅱ3 ~ 5cm in some muscle layers.
Stage ⅲ invasion of muscularis or local lymph node metastasis within 5 cm.
In the late stage of ⅳ, there were obvious invasion and distant lymph nodes or other organs metastasis of more than 5 cm.
differential diagnosis
1. Feather qi (pharyngoesophageal neurosis): Feather qi is the disease name of traditional Chinese medicine, equivalent to the ball of western medicine. Patients feel that there is a foreign body in the throat, such as a mouthful of phlegm, or plum pit, or a grain of rice or film stuck to the entrance of the upper esophagus or throat, or like gas rushing out of the chest, blocking the throat, unable to spit out and swallow, but it is smooth when eating, and sometimes it can disappear unconsciously. Every time mental stimulation, overthinking, poor sleep, excessive fatigue, symptoms aggravated, some delayed for many years, but there was no progressive aggravation, and all kinds of tests were normal. Esophageal cancer is mainly dysphagia, which is getting worse. Without swallowing, there is no foreign body sensation and obstruction in pharynx and esophagus. X-ray, cytology, esophagoscopy and other examinations can find abnormalities.
2. Benign esophageal stricture: There is a history of esophageal trauma and acid-base stimulation, which is more common in children and young people.
3. Esophageal external pressure obstruction: due to the compression of abnormal blood vessels, tumors or swollen lymph nodes and intrathoracic thyroid in the adjacent organs of esophagus, it is characterized by esophageal wall defect, but it is relatively complete and smooth, and the mucosa is not damaged. The degree of swallowing obstruction is mild and the course of disease is long.
4. Heart spasm: This disease also has dysphagia symptoms, younger age, longer course of disease, frequent intermittent attacks, and often has a history of mental trauma and overthinking. The onset is influenced by mood swings. Sometimes it is more difficult to swallow cold drinks and liquids, but it is easier to swallow dry food. You still need to drink a lot of hot soup to swallow food. X-ray examination showed that the lower end of esophagus was radish-like centripetal stenosis, and the obstruction could be relieved by fluoroscopy after atropine injection.
5. In addition, it should be differentiated from leiomyoma of esophagus and cardia, esophageal diverticulum and esophageal tuberculosis. Both of them have typical X-ray signs. The latter is similar to esophageal cancer, but it can be differentiated by esophagoscopy and exfoliative cytology. Patients with esophageal tuberculosis have better anti-tuberculosis treatment effect.
treat cordially
1. Surgical treatment:
(1) Early stage (0 ~ Ⅰ): No matter where it grows, it is an ideal indication for surgery.
(2) Mid-stage (Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ): Although cancer has invaded esophagus and cardia to a certain extent, it is estimated that it can be used as palliative surgery, as a relative indication, and has a certain effect on prolonging life.
(3) Tumors at the lower end of esophagus or cardia: Although there is obvious obstruction, the general situation is still good. In order to solve the patient's difficulty in eating, exploratory laparotomy is feasible. If it can't be removed, short-cut esophagogastrostomy or gastrostomy above or below the arch can help people survive and receive treatment.
2. TCM conditioning before and after operation:
(1) preoperative adjustment: adjust the imbalance between yin and yang based on TCM syndrome differentiation, and carry out the treatment of strengthening the body resistance to reduce the side effects of surgery and promote rehabilitation. Commonly used prescriptions:
Codonopsis pilosula 15g Atractylodes macrocephala 12g Poria 12g Glycyrrhiza 3g Pseudostellaria heterophylla 15g Glehnia littoralis 10g Polygonatum sibiricum 12g Ligustrum lucidum 12g Astragalus 25g Hedyotis diffusa 24g.
In addition: ginseng 12g or American ginseng 6g (stewed), taken 2 ~ 3 days before operation, can be used alone or in combination with other Chinese medicines.
(2) Postoperative conditioning: Due to the large trauma and many complications, there are certain risks. If TCM treatment can be carried out in time after operation, the complications and postoperative sequelae can be significantly reduced. You can take medicine 3 ~ 4 days after operation. The basic prescription is:
Glehnia littoralis 10g Ophiopogon japonicus 10g Poria cocos 12g Polygonatum sibiricum 12g Radix Astragali 30g Radix Pseudostellariae 15g Radix Codonopsis 15g malt 24g Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli 9g Ginseng 8 ~ 10g or American ginseng 4 ~ 6g.
Dialectical addition and subtraction (see Chapter 6, Section 2).
3. Radiotherapy: Compared with surgery, radiotherapy for esophageal cancer has less side effects, less risk and higher short-term efficiency. The 5-year survival rate is 8% ~ 19%, and the absolute cure rate is about 5%.
(1) Indications of radical radiotherapy: general condition is good, no supraclavicular fossa and distant lymph node metastasis, no silent area paralysis, focus shorter than 7cm, no obvious stenosis, no obvious X-ray signs before perforation, no obvious chest and back pain and inflammation, and white blood cells ≥ 4,000/mm3.
(2) Palliative radiotherapy: The purpose is to temporarily relieve pain, alleviate some symptoms and prolong life. In addition to esophageal perforation or esophageal fistula, distant organ metastasis, obvious cachexia and serious heart, liver and lung diseases, radiotherapy can be tried out.
Because of the difficulty of neck and upper thoracic surgery, radiotherapy is the main method, and the effect of middle thoracic surgery is similar to radiotherapy. Both methods can be selected, but the operation requires higher cardiopulmonary function, the lower thoracic surgery is slightly better than radiotherapy, and the lower esophagus and cardia surgery are suitable.
4. Combination of radiotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine: The main reasons for the failure of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer are local recurrence and uncontrolled lesions, followed by radiation side effects, such as radiation myelitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, esophagitis, ulcer, perforation, or bone marrow suppression and decreased immune function. TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation can enhance immune function, reduce side effects, improve microcirculation, increase blood perfusion of cancer tissues and reduce hypoxic cells, thus improving the sensitivity of radiotherapy. Commonly used prescriptions:
Honeysuckle 9g Gynostemma pentaphyllum 15g Poria 12g Radix Rehmanniae 10g Radix Astragali 30g Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 12g Radix Pseudostellariae 25g Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 12g Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 9g Fructus Lycii 15g Radix Glycyrrhizae 5g Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae 24g Rhizoma Dioscoreae 12g Cardamom 9g Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 654
In addition, it is also very important to give Chinese and western medicine conditioning according to different side effects, such as the application of antibiotics, the balance of water and electrolyte, the supplement of albumin, amino acids, vitamins and glucose, and the use of drugs to improve microcirculation (see Chapter VI, Section IV). Radiation dose and course of treatment should be flexibly controlled according to the specific situation of patients. If the side effects are serious and still difficult to correct after supportive treatment, radiation should be suspended and whether to continue should be discussed after the side effects subside.
5. Chemotherapy:
(1) Commonly used chemotherapy drugs: Esophageal cancer and cardiac cancer are not sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. Although many drugs are used in clinic, they have low effective rate, short remission period and great side effects. Commonly used drugs are cisplatin, pingyangmycin (bleomycin), cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, fluorouracil deoxynucleoside, adriamycin and so on. Their effective rates are mostly between 15%-20%. Chemotherapeutic drugs can be used alone, and if two or three drugs are used in combination, the curative effect can be improved. Although there are many combined chemotherapy schemes, there is no recognized ideal scheme so far.
(2) Combination of chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine: traditional Chinese medicine can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and have a certain degree of sensitization and synergy (see Chapter VI, General Section III).
6. TCM syndrome differentiation and classification treatment: The syndrome differentiation and classification of esophageal cancer has not been unified in China, but there are similarities, mainly reflecting the laws of different syndromes in a certain stage of esophageal cancer development from different aspects, which is convenient for classification treatment. According to the author's personal practical experience and combined with many domestic classification opinions, the following six types are summarized.
(1) type of liver depression and qi stagnation: equivalent to 0 ~ Ⅰ grade.
Main symptoms: no obvious dysphagia, occasional burning pain in the esophagus when eating, or depression behind the sternum, accompanied by abdominal distension and belching, normal or slightly black tongue, thin and white fur. X-rays and other examinations are early.
Treatment principle: soothing the liver and regulating qi.
Prescription: Poria cocos 15g Atractylodes macrocephala 12g Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g Radix Angelicae Sinensis 9g Radix Bupleuri 9g Radix Glycyrrhizae 9g Perillae Stalk 10g Cortex Magnolia Officinalis 12g Radix Codonopsis 15g Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis 12g Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae/kloc-.
(2) Simple asphyxia diaphragmatic type: equivalent to early stage I-II or III.
Main symptoms: Except for choking cough during eating, other symptoms are not obvious, mostly medullary or mushroom-like, or unilateral involvement, pale and dark tongue, thin white or yellow fur, and thready pulse.
Treatment: regulating qi and harmonizing, clearing customs and resolving knots.
Prescription: Dioscorea zingiberensis 15g Acute Son 15g Curcuma aromatica 12g Fructus Aurantii 9g Prunellae 15g Rabdosia rubescens 15g Poria 15g Magnolia officinalis 10g bergamot 10g.
Zhilingdan capsule: 3 capsules each time, 1 day, 3 times, after meals.
(3) Congestion pain type: more common in late bone marrow type or ulcer type.
Main symptoms: dysphagia, accompanied by pain in the fixed part of the chest and back, especially when swallowing, accompanied by bad breath, bitter taste, dry mouth, and sometimes burning sensation and constipation. This is due to cancer invading the esophageal adventitia and its surroundings, or cancerous ulcer, inflammation, dark tongue, yellow greasy or thick tongue coating, slippery or heavy pulse.
Treatment principle: removing blood stasis and relieving pain, clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Prescription: Flos Lonicerae 10g Radix Scutellariae 9g Rhizoma Coptidis 9g dried Fructus Trichosanthis 15g Radix Ophiopogonis 10g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12g Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis 15g Radix Pseudostellariae 12g Poria 15g Radix Paeoniae Rubra/kloc-.
Zhilingdan Capsule: 3 capsules each time, 3 times a day, after meals.
Zhitong Jiedu Liquid (Henan prescription): 0. 1% procaine 100ml, streptomycin 2g or gentamicin 240000 u, dexamethasone 1.5mg, ephedrine 60mg, belladonna tincture 3ml, mix evenly, each time 10ml.
In addition, we should cooperate with western medicine to replenish fluids, such as electrolytes, vitamins, protein and glucose. And use antibiotics.
(4) Spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness type: It is more common in medullary type or constricted or constricted type of esophageal or cardiac cancer, and the disease stage is late.
Main symptoms: dysphagia, massive expectoration (spitting out egg white-like, silky mucus), tasteless mouth, preference for warm dryness, cold and thin muscles, pale complexion, edema of lower limbs in severe cases, pale or dark blue tongue, teeth marks on the tongue edge, white and greasy fur and weak pulse.
Treatment principle: warming the middle energizer and strengthening the spleen, dispersing stagnation and eliminating dampness.
Prescription: Radix Codonopsis 12g Radix Astragali 30g Radix Aucklandiae 9g Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 9g Jiang Banxia 9g Dried Ginger 9g Jujube 6 Scolopendra 3 Atractylodes Macrocephalae 12g Radix Notoginseng 1.5g (Yanchong). Vomiting is obvious, and symptoms are added with Inula flower 9g ochre 12g clove 6g Evodia fruit 9g.
(5) Slight dryness of yin and yang: equivalent to stage III to IV.
Main symptoms: dysphagia, difficulty in dripping water, malnutrition, extreme exhaustion of qi and blood, severe dehydration, emaciation, dry mouth, short urination, dark red tongue, insufficient body fluid, no or little coating, or yellow and black coating, thin tongue body, and even thin pulse.
Treatment principle: nourishing yin and yang, switching knot.
This kind of patients, esophageal obstruction is serious, and it is difficult to take medicine and decoction. It should be given rehydration, anti-inflammation, reducing inflammation and edema of cancer tissue in esophageal cavity, improving microcirculation and relaxing narrow lumen, and then take traditional Chinese medicine when it can restore liquid or semi-liquid state.
Prescription: Ophiopogon japonicus 12g Radix Glehniae 10g Dendrobium 12g Gynostemma pentaphyllum 12g Polygonatum odoratum 10g Poria 15g fresh bamboo juice 1 astragalus 15g Radix Rehmanniae/kloc.
Intravenous infusion, supplemented with protein, human albumin, electrolyte, glucose, vitamins and antibiotics.
Yin-yang Shuangbu Gengjie Recipe (this is an effective intravenous prescription commonly used by the author);
706 generation plasma 500ml
(hydroxyethyl starch sodium chloride)
Dexamethasone 10 mg
Gentamicin 240 thousand u
Adenosine triphosphate injection 40 ml
Vitamin B6 injection 200 mg
Compound amino acid 250ml
Intravenous drip 1 time every day for 5 ~ 10 days or extended as appropriate.
This prescription has the functions of nourishing yin and yang, improving microcirculation, eliminating inflammation, inhibiting tumor, relieving esophageal cavity blood edema, improving swallowing obstruction and improving immune function.
6. Unilateral: There are many unilateral treatments for esophageal and cardiac cancer reported in various places, most of which can alleviate short-term symptoms, and the objective effect is not obvious.
(1) switch (Henan):
Calculus bovis 1.5g musk 1.5g Hainan agarwood 9g highland barley 9g salt 9g borax 50g borneol 9g *** ground into fine powder, bottled and sealed, taken 5 ~ 10 times a day, every1.5g. ..
(2) Tongguan Powder: borax 1.0g sand is added with 0.6g borneol. 1 g artificial bezoar (2g) Wang Shudan1.5g * * is ground into fine powder, namely1day. Take it in 6-7 times, mix with water and swallow it slowly each time. Take it continuously for 2 ~ 3 days until mucus saliva decreases or slightly loses. (Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
(3) Kidney tea (Gelsemium, Caulis Sargentodoxae): burnt ash (carbonized) and ground into powder, 0.5 ~ 1.0g each time, 3 times 1 day, and taken continuously for 14 ~ 30 days.
7. Lexus capsules: 3 capsules each time, 3 times a day, after meals. If the pill is difficult to swallow, you can take capsules and take the powder with boiling water. The product has anticancer, antiinflammatory, dysphagia relieving, analgesic, sedative, appetite stimulating and immune function improving effects. After application, 85% of cases can be relieved to varying degrees.
8. Comprehensive treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine: Comprehensive treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine is the best scheme for the treatment of esophageal and cardiac cancer at present. According to the condition, physique, mental state, economic situation, technical level, equipment conditions and other specific circumstances, the most suitable scheme should be finally selected. The general rule is that early (stage 0 ~ I) upper, middle and lower esophageal cancer and cardiac cancer or stage II middle esophageal cancer, stage III middle and lower esophageal cancer and stage II ~ III cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer are more difficult to operate, and the radiotherapy effect is better than surgery. Surgery and radiotherapy for middle thoracic esophageal cancer have similar effects, and both can be selected, but surgery requires higher lung and heart functions. The surgical effect of lower esophageal cancer and cardiac cancer is better than radiotherapy. Even if the length of esophageal cancer exceeds 7cm or the advanced cardiac cancer has caused obstruction, the patient's physique is still good and there are no other surgical contraindications. In order to keep people alive for treatment, palliative surgery can be performed. If it can't be removed, it can also be used as a short-cut gastroesophageal anastomosis or gastrostomy, creating conditions for comprehensive treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the future. In some cases, the focus is long, and it is estimated that there is adhesion with blood vessels and surrounding tissues. Radiotherapy can be performed first, and then surgery can be performed after the focus is reduced. In order to eliminate residual cancer and inhibit distant metastatic cancer cells after operation, an appropriate chemotherapy scheme can be selected according to the situation. However, chemotherapy can not be used as routine treatment because of its unsatisfactory effect on the disease. Generally, you can try it if it is good, and stop using it if there are serious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine can cooperate with the treatment of strengthening the body resistance, consolidating the constitution and treating according to syndrome differentiation before and after operation, during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which can reduce side effects and improve the curative effect. After the implementation of the main attack therapy, we should adhere to the long-term treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of life and the 5-year survival rate.
In addition, the side effects and complications of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be dealt with in time; To prevent infection, dehydration, edema, fever, pain, malnutrition, etc. It is very important for patients with advanced stage to actively recuperate, which will prolong their life and relieve their pain.
Generally speaking, the average natural course of early esophageal cancer is 3 years or longer, and the average survival time of advanced esophageal cancer without any treatment is 10.8 months, which is reported abroad as 6.2 ~ 12 months.
The natural course of early cardiac cancer without any treatment is 4 ~ 5 years, with an average of 12.7 months in the middle stage.
The 5-year survival rate of stage 0 ~ I esophageal cancer is 86% ~ 90%, and the survival rate of stage II ~ III esophageal cancer can be prolonged by surgery. Radiotherapy for esophageal cancer has a short-term effective rate, and the 5-year survival rate is 8% ~ 19%. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can improve the survival rate.
Lingzhi Capsule, the first patented new drug independently developed by China for the clinical treatment of tumor with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, was recently listed in Shaanxi, with the number of 0298755113. The drug is a large compound preparation of 16 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines supplemented by 5 kinds of western medicines. It is another scientific research achievement after Professor Ji, a famous oncologist in China, was praised as a "cancer fighter" by the international medical community for his noble medical ethics and superb medical skills.
Lingzhi Capsule is the crystallization of Pan Ming's 50-year clinical experience and his pioneering theory of "strengthening the body resistance and consolidating the foundation" for cancer treatment. This medicine is a combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, with complementary advantages, simultaneous attack and tonic, economical and convenient, short course of treatment and quick effect. It is suitable for the treatment of early, middle and late malignant tumors, especially for many pains caused by middle and late cancer. As long as you take 1 ~ 2 days, it will take effect and be obvious within one week. Lu Jiaxi, President of China Academy of Sciences, wrote an inscription "To Professor Ji: Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine for the benefit of all mankind".