Shandong custom
summer solstice is the earliest festival in China. Before the Qing dynasty, there was a national holiday on the summer solstice, and I went home to reunite with my relatives and have a drink. The Book of Rites also records the obvious phenomena of the summer solstice solar terms in nature: "When the summer solstice arrives, the antlers are untied, cicadas begin to sing, Pinellia is born, and hibiscus is glorious." It shows that at this time of the year, antlers begin to fall off, cicadas begin to sing, and Pinellia ternata and hibiscus gradually flourish and bloom. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the summer solstice is the season when the yang is the most prosperous. Health preservation should conform to the characteristics that the yang is abundant in summer, pay attention to protecting the yang, and focus on a "long" word.
On the summer solstice, cold noodles are generally eaten in all parts of Shandong Province, which is commonly known as crossing the water. There is a proverb "Winter solstice jiaozi summer solstice noodles".
In Laiyang, Yantai, new wheat is recommended on the summer solstice, while in Huangxian (now Longkou City, Yantai), new wheat grains are cooked to eat. Children weave a delicate small hedgerow with wheat straw and fish it into their mouths again and again in the soup, which is not only a game, but also a fun of farm life.
In Pingyin area, ancestors are sacrificed on the summer solstice.
fu ri. After the summer solstice, the third Geng day is the first day, the fourth Geng day is the middle day, and the first Geng day after beginning of autumn is the last day, which is collectively called Fu Day. People in Furi have poor appetite and tend to be thinner than usual, which is commonly called "bitter summer". In some places in Shandong, raw cucumbers and boiled eggs are eaten to cure "bitter summer", and eggs are eaten in the morning of Furi, and no other food is eaten.
On Furi, people in Shandong should improve their diet, and people in the east of Jiaodong eat noodles. The long island folk song: "beginning of autumn (jiaozi) falls into the ground." Yantai Zhaoyuan eats dumplings, Binzhou Wudi is used to eating noodles, bean soup and noodles, Jining Zoucheng likes to drink ice water, and some people go to Yishan cave for the summer.
Linyi area has the custom of improving the diet of cattle. Furi cooked wheat kernel soup for cows to drink. It is said that cows are strong and can work without sweating. The folk song says: "Spring bull whip, licking Niu Han (bull), wheat kernel soup, licking cow rice, licking cows without sweating, and staying up until June." It is the season of planting autumn vegetables after lodging, and there is a saying that "radish can be planted in the first place, and buckwheat can be planted in the third place".
Lingnan custom
Dog meat was originally the staple food of China people. Later, an emperor named Zhao was a dog, so it was forbidden to eat dog meat, because eating dog meat meant eating the emperor. During the Qing dynasty, Manchus were emperors, but Manchus didn't eat dog meat, so they wanted to ban it, but they couldn't. Only the number of people who ate dog meat in China gradually decreased, so eating dog meat changed from a meat staple food in China to a meat non-staple food.
Eating dog meat and lychee in the summer solstice is a "patent" that people in Lingnan area want to eat under the pretext. People in Cantonese-speaking areas of Guangzhou and Qinzhou, Yulin and other areas of Guangxi also like to eat dog meat and plums on the summer solstice. It is said that dog meat and litchi are not hot together on the summer solstice, and there is a saying that "winter solstice fish gives birth to summer solstice dogs", so the habit of eating dog meat and litchi on the summer solstice continues to this day. In the custom of eating dog meat on the summer solstice, there is a folk saying that "dogs on the summer solstice have no way to go", which means that many dogs are killed on the summer solstice and there is no way to escape. According to the folk saying, dog meat is warm, invigorates vitality, and is hot and dry. It is only suitable for eating in autumn and winter. Eating dog meat in summer will get angry, and external heat plus internal heat is harmful to the body. But the summer solstice is an exception. Eating dog meat on the summer solstice is not only not hot, but also beneficial to the body. It's probably the truth that we live together. Of course, eating dog meat in the summer solstice should be enough, and don't eat too much, so as not to cause gastrointestinal diseases such as indigestion. Why are you so keen on eating dog meat on the summer solstice? There is a local saying that eating dog meat on the summer solstice can dispel evil spirits, strengthen the body and resist the plague. "Eat the dog on the summer solstice, and the west wind will take a detour", which means that as long as people eat dog meat on the summer solstice, their bodies can resist the invasion of the west wind and rain, catch fewer colds and be in good health. It is based on this good wish that the unique folk food culture of "dog meat on the summer solstice" has been achieved. The only difference from the folk tradition is that with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the scene of every household killing dogs on the summer solstice no longer exists today. However, every household's habit of eating dog meat remains the same, and the only difference is that they buy more food than kill it.
Guangdong people always like to eat dog meat, especially in Yangjiang. According to relevant data, it is said that killing dogs to repair the body in the summer solstice originated from the year after Qin Degong ascended the throne in the Warring States Period, and it was very hot in June, and epidemics prevailed. Qin Degong ordered his subjects to kill dogs to ward off evil spirits according to the saying that "dogs are yang animals, which can bring misfortune", and later formed the custom of killing dogs in the summer solstice. The folk song "Make summer, eat tonic food" also shows that tonic food began in long summer. At present, residents in Lingnan area do not have the habit of eating dog meat in summer, but eat dog meat for tonic in winter. As the saying goes, "sell quilts and eat dog meat." Because dog meat is hot and dry in medicine, it tastes salty, sweet and sour; Warming spleen and stomach, tonifying kidney and supporting yang, intellectual fit and benefiting qi, dispelling cold and strengthening yang. -"Compendium of Materia Medica", so it makes no sense for Guangdong residents who have inherited Lingnan medical characteristics in their traditional living habits to eat dog meat in summer, and they are even less enthusiastic. It is a matter of common sense.
Nowadays, people in Guangdong like to nourish and cool their food in summer, so residents generally cook Qingbuliang soup, Carassius auratus black bean soup, pharmacological sparerib soup, chopped green onion bean curd soup, white gourd lentil lean broth, etc., and cook red, mung bean paste, millet porridge, sago porridge, ginkgo porridge, bean jelly, lotus seed soup, bean curd and sweet potato soup, and drink tremella papaya syrup, cold soybean milk and sweet potato soup. Moreover, in summer, the food is more vinegar, less salt, less ginger and less garlic, and the taste is light, with flour, lean meat, vegetables and melons as the main ingredients.