Enlightenment of American industrial development:
Although it took about 1 years for the United States to achieve industrialization compared with established capitalist countries such as Britain and France, it shows that industrialization is a long-term struggle process, and it can never be achieved overnight by taking shortcuts.
the upgrading of industrial structure in the United States is promoted on the basis of coordinated development of various industries, which is of great reference significance to China.
the industrialization of the United States is first manifested in the specialization of human beings, and the improvement of the professional quality of labor force and labor productivity has played a central role in the process of the United States catching up with Britain. Since its independence, the United States has always attached great importance to education, talents, human rights and human growth, which is undoubtedly the main mystery of its becoming the world's first industrialized power. This enlightens us that in the process of industrialization, people are the core factor and the most active force, and we must never "ignore people when we see things" or "attach importance to people"
The industrialization of the United States shows obvious industrial agglomeration, regional specialization and population concentration (urbanization). This shows that in the process of industrialization, population, factors of production and enterprises or industries will all seek their best positions or posts under the guidance of the law of maximizing interests. Different places have different advantages and play different roles in industrialization, and some places have become the gathering places of industry and population because of their obvious location advantages. As long as the population and factors are allowed to flow freely, this phenomenon is inevitable, and the idea of expecting a balanced distribution of population, factors and enterprises or industries in various places is unrealistic and does not conform to economic laws. The result of local competition is that they become specialized areas in a certain aspect.
the industrialization of the United States is guaranteed by marketization, and its industrialization process is also a process of continuous market development and expansion. The growth and development of factor markets such as capital and labor, the expansion of domestic product market and the development of international trade (or the expansion of international product market) have provided important support for the industrialization of the United States.
institutional choice has played a very important role in American industrialization. The aforementioned coordinated development of industries, specialization of people, industrial agglomeration and marketization are all inseparable from the role of the system. Correct institutional choice is a necessary condition for the smooth progress of American industrialization, or the success of American industrialization is inseparable from a series of institutional choices, such as the land system, patent system, modern enterprise system and educational talent system that are conducive to industrialization.
U.S. trade protection policies have played an irreplaceable role in successfully catching up with the United States. Although the industrialization of the United States started later than that of Britain, France and other countries, its domestic infant industries were once hit hard by British goods at the beginning of industrialization, but the United States government successfully protected infant industries such as textiles by issuing the Embargo Order and raising tariffs. Even after it became the world's first industrialized power, it still maintained high tariffs for a long time. It can be seen that even the United States, which strongly advocates free trade and free spirit, still adopts different trade policies at home and abroad in the process of promoting industrialization, emphasizing free trade at home and trade protection abroad, with the aim of maximizing its own interests.
The success of American industrialization is inseparable from the active regulatory role played by the American government. In the process of industrialization, the U.S. government did not completely adopt a laissez-faire policy. Instead, it adopted some necessary regulatory policies in a timely manner to promote the development of industrialization, such as issuing government bonds, directly investing in public projects, rewarding and subsidizing certain industries, setting up special regulatory institutions, and promoting the process of industrialization through financial means such as setting up a central bank, unifying currency, setting up deposit reserves, buying and selling treasury bills, using bank checks, and developing investment banks. All these show that although there will be "government failure", it is necessary to give full play to the government's regulatory role in promoting industrialization under the same situation of "market failure". During the planned economy period in China, the government played too many roles. In the period of system transition, the government still plays an excessive role in many aspects, but there are also phenomena that it does not play a role where it should. Therefore, in the process of promoting new industrialization in the future, the government should not only partially withdraw and prevent "government failure", but also strengthen its positive role in the field of "market failure".