(1) drilling rig system design
1) Heavy-duty K-type drilling rig is adopted, with bearing capacity of 1350kN and guide rail stroke of 25m, so that 18m vertical drilling can be realized.
2) The top-driven drilling system directly drives the drill string at the upper part of the derrick to move up and down along the guide rail in the derrick. The function of decompression drilling is realized by AC frequency conversion winch, and the operations such as rotary drilling, drilling fluid circulation, single connection, unscrewing and back reaming are completed.
3) AC-VFD-AC frequency conversion is adopted to drive the motors of the main executive parts of the drilling rig (winch, top drive, rope winch and rotary table). The stepless speed regulation of top drive, winch and other parts is realized, and the mechanical shift is cancelled, so the transmission is simple and reliable.
4) Intelligent control of top drive, winch, rope winch, rotary table and other components can be realized by using full digital AC frequency conversion control technology and integrated design of PLC, touch screen and pneumatic, electrical, hydraulic and instrument parameters of telex system, and drilling parameters can be monitored remotely.
(2) The main structure of the drilling rig
The main structural components of the drilling rig include K 135 drilling rig, 2.0 drilling platform, electric drive top drive system, electric drive main winch (including disc brake), electric drive rope winch (including disc brake), electric control system, driller's room, wellhead automation device, mud pump and solid control device.
1. Rigs and platforms
K-type drilling rig is adopted, with clearance height of 3 1m, maximum hook load of 1 350kn (5× 6 traveling block rope system), platform height of 2.0m and stand box capacity of 4000m. The drilling rig structure is shown in Figure 2- 14.
Figure 2- 14K Drilling Tower Structure Diagram
2. Top drive system
As the core component (Figure 2- 15), the direct-drive electric-drive high-speed top drive has the functions of rotation, mud circulation, adding a single root, lifting the stand, and unscrewing. Top Drive won the national invention patent, patent number ZL20 13 10367876.4. The mechanical part includes the following three parts:
Figure 2- 15 Top Drive Structure
1) bracket-pulley assembly, which consists of bracket and multiple groups of rollers. Ensure that the top drive moves at high speed or feeds at low speed along the guide rail, and has the functions of motion restriction and torsion resistance.
2) Motor-faucet assembly, consisting of variable frequency motor assembly and faucet assembly.
3) The automatic pipe swinging device consists of a lifting side swinging mechanism and a back clamp loosening mechanism. The side swing mechanism is responsible for lifting a single drill pipe from the platform or grabbing a stand from the racking platform; The back tong loosening mechanism is responsible for loosening the thread between a single drill pipe or drill pipe stand and the top drive spindle.
3. Main winch
The main winch adopts 300kW AC variable frequency motor, which outputs torque and speed to the drum through the reducer and drum clutch, and then lifts and lowers the top drive through the crown block and traveling block. The main drum realizes energy consumption braking and zero-speed hovering through motor encoder and braking unit, and realizes safe braking through hydraulic disc brake; The roller encoder can accurately determine the running position of the top drive system in the clearance of the drilling rig; The drum can be safely braked by overwinding and anti-collision of the derrick. The main winch structure is shown in Figure 2- 16.
Figure 2- 16 Schematic Diagram of Main Winch Structure
The drilling device includes a drilling variable frequency motor, a drilling reducer with large speed ratio, a drilling clutch, a reducer and a drum clutch, and outputs torque and rotational speed to the drum of the main winch.
The main winch has the following characteristics:
1) transmission mode: AC variable frequency electric drive, pneumatic tire clutch.
2) Control mode: closed-loop control, which can realize zero hovering.
3) Safety mode: overwinding collision avoidance, derrick wire rope collision avoidance and electronic collision avoidance.
4) Braking mode: the main brake is a hydraulic disc brake, and the auxiliary brake consumes energy.
5) Braking forms: parking braking, working braking and emergency braking (power failure).
6) Drilling control: Low-power variable frequency motor can realize automatic drilling, and the voltage regulation accuracy can reach 3000N N..
7) Control display: air source, lubricating oil pressure, traveling block position, traveling block speed display and alarm.
8) Interlocking function: the main motor and the drilling motor start interlocking.
4. Rope coring winch
Maximum pulling force of rope coring winch (Figure 2-17): 25,000 n; Maximum rope speed: 200m/min; Diameter of steel wire rope: 8mm rope capacity: 4000m. The winch has obtained the national invention patent with the patent number ZL20 13 10368723.2. Its design features and functional advantages are as follows.
Figure 2- 17 rope coring winch
(1) design features
1) transmission mode: AC variable frequency electric drive, electromagnetic clutch;
2) Control mode: closed-loop control, which can realize zero hovering;
3) Braking mode: the main brake is a hydraulic disc brake and the auxiliary brake is an energy-consuming brake;
4) Arrangement mode: automatic rope arrangement and automatic reversing;
5) Control display: rope length, rope speed and tension can be detected.
(2) Functional advantages
1) has an electromagnetic clutch, which can realize unpowered free descent;
2) Using hydraulic disc brake can realize safe braking;
3) Equipped with rope arrangement, tension, rope length and other devices to improve the fishing success rate.
5. Electronic control system (AC variable frequency AC)
The electric control system consists of three parts: power supply part, variable frequency drive part and each execution unit. The power device is a power grid transformer or a diesel generator set; The frequency conversion drive device is VFD room (frequency conversion drive), including top drive motor, winch motor, rope winch motor, turntable motor frequency converter and comprehensive control device (including programmable controller PLC); The execution unit includes variable frequency motor, sensor, encoder, power cable and control cable. The layout of the control system is shown in Figure 2- 18.
6. Rig operation room
The rig operation room is the "headquarters" of the whole drilling site, as shown in Figure 2- 19. The main components are electrical control part and digital control interface. In addition, it also includes on-site multipoint video monitoring, independent detection system, on-site communication equipment, etc.
The operating room has realized the centralized, intelligent, comfortable and safe operation function. The electrical control part (component panel) completes the setting of speed, vertical speed and torque, the start-stop and operation flow of adding rod, loosening and braking; Digital interface includes touch screen, display screen, etc. Its function is to display and set process parameters and equipment operation parameters in each man-machine interface.
7. Studio
In addition to the man-machine interface in the operation room, it is also equipped with a remote monitoring studio and a drilling parameter industrial computer, which can monitor the running state of each part of the drilling rig and the main drilling process parameters in real time, including drilling interface, network layout, equipment layout, trend chart, operation records and data records. , not only can record equipment operation parameters, process parameters, operation records, etc. But also can be stored, backed up and transmitted remotely.
Figure 2- 18 Layout of Electrical Control System
Figure 2- 19 rig operation room
8. Auxiliary equipment
In order to cooperate with the top drive coring drilling technology and the complete process of single elevator operation, three special auxiliary devices for mechanized wellhead operation, namely hydraulic elevator, power tongs and pneumatic chuck, are equipped to improve the operation efficiency and reduce the labor intensity.
1) Hydraulic elevator (Figure 2-20): It is used to lift the large-diameter rope coring drill pipe, and a section is added to support the tripping operation, which can realize automatic opening and closing, automatic locking and automatic locking. The elevator won the national invention patent, patent number ZL 201310367854.9;
2) Power tongs: power devices that automatically loosen large-diameter and high-torque rope drill pipes;
3) Pneumatic chuck: a device for automatically clamping large-tonnage and large-diameter rope drill pipe at the orifice (Figure 2-2 1).
Figure 2-20 Hydraulic Elevator
Figure 2-2 1 pneumatic chuck
(III) Main technical parameters of drilling rig
See Table 2-8 for the main technical parameters of KZ30DB and XD-35DB electric top drive rigs.
Table 2-8 Main Technical Parameters of KZ 30dB and XD-35DB Electric Top Drive Drills
sequential
(4) Application example of drilling rig
XD35DB drilling rig provided equipment support for the "First Deep Drilling of Uranium Geology in China" in Xiangshan Large Uranium Field, Chongren, Jiangxi Province from August 20 12 to August 20 122 mm, and achieved continuous coring of the whole hole, with the final hole diameter Ф122 mm; Created a domestic record of coring depth of S 1 14 large diameter rope.
Since 2065438+July 2002, KZ30DB drilling rig has been used in the construction of No.4 hole (WFSD-4) of Wenchuan Scientific Drilling in Mianyang, Sichuan, with a designed hole depth of 3350m and electric rotary drilling technology.