L-α- aspartyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl -3- needleyl) -D- alanamide (Alitian)
Park Jung Su, asparagine and acrylamide.
The molecular formula C 14H25N3O4S? 2.5H2O
The chemical name of Alitian is L- aspartyl -D- acrylamide. It is a popular dipeptide sweetener abroad, with high sweetness (2000 times of sucrose), low calorie and no toxicity. Good taste, similar to sucrose, no post-bitterness, higher stability than aspartame, which can greatly reduce the cost of products in beverage and food industries, so its application range is much larger than that of aspartame, and it is a new generation of substitute products for aspartame. It has great development prospects.
Alitian Alitame； L-α- aspartyl-N -N-(2 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl -3- thienyl) -D- alanine amide; (3S)-3- amino -4- oxo -4-[(2R)- 1- oxo-1-[(2,2,4,4- tetramethylthiophene -3- yl) amino] propyl -2- yl] amino] butyric acid.
Properties White crystalline powder, odorless, with strong sweetness, flavor close to sucrose, no post-bitterness and metallic taste, and the sweetness is 2000 times that of sucrose. It does not absorb moisture, has high stability, and is easily soluble in water (13. 1%), ethanol (6 1%) and glycerol (53.7%). The pH value of 5% aqueous solution is about 5.6. At room temperature, the storage half-life of the solution with pH value of 5 ~ 8 is 5 years.
Sweet fast, sweet light. Odorless or slight characteristic odor. Does not absorb water. Soluble in ethanol, glycerol, methanol and water, slightly soluble in chloroform. Good heat resistance, acid and alkali resistance. Uses: Sweetener. It can be used as beverage, ice cream, jelly, ice cream, chewing gum, dried tangerine peel, preserved plum, preserved plum, dried bayberry, table sweetener, etc.
The second generation of amino acid sweeteners was developed by Pfizer Research Institute in the United States on 1979, 1983 was patented, and 1986 was approved by FDA.
At present, ritalin has not been approved by FDA. Only six countries in the world, such as China, Australia and Mexico, have approved its use. I told the Ministry of Health that it was approved by 1994. The ADI value determined by JECFA in 1996 is 1mg/kg.
The use of sweeteners
Application mode
1. This product is also a dipeptide sweetener, but it does not contain phenylalanine, so there is no restriction that "phenylketonuria patients should not use it" like methyl aspartate.
2. Because of the high sweetness of this product, it is not easy to control when it is used directly, so it can be diluted first. When making solid dry powder, mix it with maltodextrin, xylitol or other safe and suitable diluents. When preparing liquid, it can be partially or completely neutralized by hydroxide of potassium, sodium, magnesium or calcium, and attention should be paid to anticorrosion.
3. Heat 0.0 1% aqueous solution and 0.0 1mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7 ~ 8) to 100℃, and the sweetness will not change within 30min minutes. Foods containing this product can be pasteurized.
4. This product can still be used for low-calorie food, baked food, soft and hard candy and dairy products, and the dosage is 30 ~ 300mg/kg.
The maximum dosage of beverage, ice cream, ice cream and jelly is 0.1g/kg; 0.3g/kg； for gum, dried tangerine peel, preserved plum, preserved plum and dried bayberry; ; Edible sweetener 0.0 15g/ bag (or tablet).
toxicity
The oral dose of LD50 in rats is greater than 5g/kg (body weight) (USA).
Mice were given 12.654g/kg(bw) orally (Zhongshan Medical University, Guangzhou).
No mutagenicity was found in bone marrow micronucleus test (Guangzhou Zhongshan Medical University).
With this product 564mg/kg? D- 1 and 1055mg/kg? The dose of d- 1 was given to rats and mice for 2 days, and there was no teratogenic and carcinogenic effect.
Double-blind method was used, with placebo as control. Normal people (142 people) and diabetics (138 people with type ⅰ and type ⅱ) took the oral dose of 10mg/kg for 90 consecutive days, and no deficiency and adverse reactions induced by liver enzymes were found. There is no significant difference between postprandial blood glucose and fasting blood glucose, which has no effect on diabetes control.
It is the pure sweetness of sucrose, without any other peculiar smell. It can also enhance the flavor of fruit foods, increase the coolness of cold drinks and reduce the bitterness of coffee drinks. Security has now been fully confirmed. People's Republic of China (PRC) has been approved for use in 1994. According to the national standard GB 2760-96, the maximum consumption of fruit-flavored juice drinks, ice cream and ice cream is 0. 1g/kg, and the maximum consumption of chewing gum and preserved fruit is 0.3g/kg.
Good solubility, no need to dissolve in advance, and can be added slowly while stirring in the production process. The dosage varies with its own sweetness, the types of products produced and the amount of sugar substituted in products: sugar-free foods and drinks can completely replace sucrose; According to GB10792-89-89, soft drinks and refreshing drinks can replace 60% sucrose.
Somatin
Properties of somatostatin: white to milky amorphous tasteless powder. Sweet and refreshing, no odor, long duration. Extremely sweet, the average sweetness is 1600 times of sucrose, but it depends on the dilution concentration: 5500~8000 times when it is 0.000 1%, 3500 times when it is 0.00 1%, and 65438 when it is 0.0 1%. Its aqueous solution is stable at pH 1.8~ 10, and its isoelectric point is about pH 1 1. Because it belongs to protein, it will denature and lose its sweetness when heated, and it will lose its sweetness when combined with tannin. In high concentration salt solution, the sweetness will decrease. Soluble in water and insoluble in acetone. When used with sugar sweeteners, it has synergistic effect and flavor improvement.
Somatin, Chinese alias Shamatin; African sweet bamboo element, African arrowroot sweet element; Miracle protein
Use:
Can be used for calorie-free sweeteners and flavoring agents. It should be used with carbohydrate sweeteners.
Physical and chemical properties:
Somatostatin is a natural polymer compound extracted from the aril of the mature fruit of African arrowroot, and its sweetness is extremely high, about 2500 ~ 3000 times that of sucrose. White to cream-colored amorphous powder, flake or block, tasteless, its aqueous solution has a cool and sweet taste similar to mint, and it is relatively stable between pH = 1.8 ~ 10. Somatostatin is protein, which will denature and lose its sweetness when heated. For example, heating at 80 ~ 100℃ will reduce the sweetness by more than 50%. Soluble in water, soluble in 60% ethanol solution, insoluble in acetone, ether and other organic solvents.
Characteristics of somatostatin (53850-34-3):
White to milky amorphous tasteless powder.
Sweet and refreshing, no odor, long duration.
Extremely sweet, the average sweetness is 1600 times of sucrose, but it depends on the dilution concentration: 5500 ~ 8000 times when it is 0.000 1%, 3500 times when it is 0.00 1%, and 65438 times when it is 0.0 1%.
Its aqueous solution is stable at pH 1.8 ~ 10, and its isoelectric point is about pH 1 1.
Because it belongs to protein, it will denature and lose its sweetness when heated, and it will lose its sweetness when combined with tannin.
In high concentration salt solution, the sweetness will decrease.
Soluble in water and insoluble in acetone.
Use of growth hormone (53850-34-3):
Non-caloric sweetener, flavoring agent.
Its advantages are enhancing flavor, masking bitterness, improving taste (producing thick creamy taste), and being able to compete with other sweeteners.
Ordinary food and health food.
Suitable for chewing gum, drinks, cold drinks, desserts, baked goods, etc. Sucrose and other sugars.
Preparation method of somatine (53850-34-3):
The aril of the fruit (called "Katemfe" in local language) of Thaurnato-coccus danielli Benth, an economic plant in West Africa, was obtained by freeze-drying, separating and removing seeds, extracting with water (pH 2.5-4.0), removing low molecular substances by ultrafiltration, refining and drying. Originated in Sudan and other places.
Toxicity:
1. It has long been used as a sweetener in Sudan. Rats and dogs that have been kept for 90 days have no effect.
2. It is proved to be safe by acute and subacute toxicity test, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and immunity test.
3.ADI has no special regulations (FAO/WHO, 200 1).
4.LD50 20 g/kg (rats).
5.GRAS (US Food and Drug Administration, 2000).
Content analysis:
Nitrogen was determined by conventional method, and then protein content was calculated.
Quality index analysis:
1. Prepare the aqueous solution (dry basis) with pH2.7 of 1%(w/v) sample with spectrophotometric absorption value, and measure the specific absorbance E 1cm 1% at the maximum absorption at the wavelength of about 279nm, which should not be less than1/kloc.
2. Carbohydrates
(1) preparation of cysteine-sulfuric acid reagent 0.5ml of 3%(w/v)L cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate solution and 25ml of 86%(v/v) sulfuric acid solution were mixed before use. Icy. Do not store it for later use.
(2) Accurately weigh 0.2g sample, dissolve it in water, and fix the volume to 100ml. Take 0.2 ml of this liquid, put it in a clean glass tube and cool it in an ice bath. Add cold cysteine ~ sulfuric acid reagent 1.2ml, cover the glass ball and mix well. After standing in ice for 2 minutes, move it to room temperature for 3 minutes, and then immerse it in boiling water bath for 3 minutes. Immediately after taking it out, put it in ice and cool it for 5 minutes, and read the absorbance in a 1cm colorimetric cell with the wavelength of 4 12nm.
(3) Standard curve Prepare a series of glucose standard solutions with the concentration of 10 ~ 100μ g/ml, and perform the same operation with 0.2ml according to the above operation method to obtain the standard curve of its absorbance. Then calculate the content of carbohydrates (in terms of glucose) in the sample.