What happened to the neck of the monkey peach leaf? what's up

Yellowing of kiwifruit leaves occurs everywhere, which is very harmful, especially in wetlands with high groundwater level. The incidence of diseased plants accounts for about 20% of the total number of cultivated plants, and the incidence of severely diseased plants is as high as 30%~50%. Yellowing leaves, except the veins are light green, the rest are yellow-green, with small leaves and weak trees. In severe cases, the leaves are white, the outer edge is curly and scorched, the peel is yellow, the pulp is cut white, and the edible value is lost. If the disease lasts for a long time, the whole trunk will die. 1 The reason of iron deficiency 1. 1 Because all kinds of salts in the soil layer evaporate to the ground through capillaries with water, the greater the evaporation of water, the more salt accumulates in the topsoil, and the more serious the drought will aggravate soil salinization. In alkaline soil, free ferrous ions are easily oxidized to ferric ions and fixed, which cannot be absorbed and utilized by kiwifruit roots. In addition, kiwifruit roots are fleshy roots, and the distribution layer is shallow, so it is easier to lose iron and lose green. 1.2 Unreasonable farming system leads to unbalanced supply of trace elements such as zinc, copper, magnesium and manganese in soil, and antagonism among elements leads to yellowing. Flooding irrigation, waterlogging in low-lying land and over-planting of seedlings in garden construction will easily lead to poor soil permeability, physiological and metabolic dysfunction and yellowing of root diseases in kiwi fruit tree. 1.3 root diseases Some root diseases of kiwifruit, such as root rot and root-knot nematode disease, interfere with and destroy the function of root system to absorb and comprehensively utilize various mineral nutrients in soil, thus causing physiological element deficiency and yellowing due to pathological diseases. 2. Comprehensive management technology 2. 1 Pay attention to the choice of garden when choosing a scientific site, and try to choose sandy loam land with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good permeability. It is forbidden to build a garden in the continuous cropping land and clayey soil where perennial fruit trees such as apples, pears and peaches have been planted. You can't build a garden in a plot with high groundwater level and easy water accumulation. 2.2 Scientific fertilization and irrigation should vigorously promote balanced fertilization technology, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be combined with fertilization, and large elements and trace elements can be combined with fertilization. Pay attention to increasing the application of organic fertilizer in alkaline soil. 4,000 ~ 5,000 kg decomposed organic fertilizer was applied every 667m2 every year in the full fruit period, and the soil was improved by deep ploughing. Clover is planted in large rows and straw is covered in small rows. Continuously increase the content of soil organic matter to more than 2%. In alkaline soil above 7.5, it is suggested to apply sulfuric acid powder or 8% acetic acid solution 1kg to plants to appropriately reduce the rhizosphere pH value. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, such as ammonium sulfate or urea, should be used as the main fertilizer in the early growth stage every year, and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium bicarbonate should be used less. Top dressing of iron fertilizer in soil should be mixed with decomposed organic fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer. Chelated iron fertilizers, such as Ye Lvling and Huang Yebik, are topdressing in spring when they germinate, with 30-50g per plant. You can also spray amino acid iron fertilizer or rare earth micro-fertilizer chelating humic acid liquid fertilizer and iron elements on the leaves during the growing season from the beginning of leaf spreading. Spray at least 5~6 times a year. Change flood irrigation to small border irrigation, avoid over-irrigation and beware of water accumulation. Infiltration irrigation or drip irrigation technology can be used if conditions permit. 2.3 Strictly control the output. The yield per 667m2 should be 2,000 ~ 2,500 kg to prevent overload and keep the tree robust. 2.4 Symptomatic prevention and treatment of yellow tree root diseases induced by physiological element deficiency pathological factors should be treated as soon as possible. On the basis of removing the diseased root and scraping off the diseased skin, choose 5% bacterial toxin 100 times solution to smear the diseased scar, and alternately spray 200-300 times solution of 5% bacterial toxin or 50-600 times solution of carbendazim wettable powder, or the same amount of Bordeaux solution to irrigate the root for 2-3 times. For the etiolated trees induced by root-knot nematodes, 10% triazophos and Kexiandan granules should be used, and the rhizosphere soil should be treated with 3-5 kg dosage or 800 times of 40% poisonous silk emulsion every 667m2 to kill root-knot nematodes, and the physiological function of the root system should be restored as soon as possible by cutting off the diseased fibrous roots. For yellowing plants, infusion can be carried out through hanging bottles. Through the experiment and demonstration in recent years, it is simple, fast and practical to prevent kiwifruit yellowing by branch infusion, which saves labor and time and has obvious effect. Specific methods: Select "Guang Tai" brand kiwifruit special nutrient solution or fruit tree selenium-enriched nutrient solution, and drill holes at the base of the diseased tree trunk to the pith (1/2 of the trunk diameter). The amount of nutrient solution depends on the diameter of the trunk, and the nutrient solution with the thickness of 1cm is 1ml (stock solution). Used after defoliation and before dormancy, diluted 30 times with 1 ml stock solution; When used in growth period, the stock solution is diluted 50 times. Pay attention to dilute with soft water (clean rainwater, rivers and lakes, etc.). ) and used in conjunction with it. Yellow leaf disease of kiwifruit is a comprehensive disease caused by many reasons, such as element deficiency, root rot, nematode disease and so on. In recent years, yellow leaf disease of kiwifruit in Xixia County has caused the whole plant to die, reduced production in a large area, and even failed to harvest, which has become a major obstacle to high quality and high yield of kiwifruit. According to the long-term experimental observation in our station, the pollution-free control techniques are summarized as follows: 1. Pathogenic characteristics (1) Nematode-like yellow leaf disease. The main diseases in our county are root-knot nematodes in the north and root-knot nematodes in peanuts. Nodules appear in the early stage of underground root system, the appearance of root bark is normal, and the surface of large nodules is rough. In the later stage, nodules and nearby roots rot and turn dark brown. Anatomically rotten nodules can be seen as ivory pear-shaped or lemon-shaped nematodes. The aboveground parts of plants infected with nematodes are characterized by short plants, weak yellowing of branches and leaves, small leaves and easy fruit falling off. Pathogenic nematodes overwinter inside and outside the diseased roots and insect tumors in the soil, and can also be mixed with manure. In the second year, when the temperature rises, the 2nd instar larvae invade from the root tip, and their eggs hatch in batches in the soil and re-infect. (2) Root rot-like yellow leaf disease is a destructive root fungal disease. The pathogen overwinters in roots and soil, and becomes ill in high temperature and high humidity climate the following year. Bacteria spread through tools, rain, water and pests, and invade through lenticels and wounds. It mainly harms roots, causing leaves to turn yellow and fall off, and trees to wither and die. (3) Yellow leaf disease caused by element deficiency is mainly caused by iron deficiency, magnesium and zinc. 1. Iron deficiency, light yellow or yellowish white in young leaves, symptoms advancing from leaf source to main vein, normal in old leaves. In severe cases, the leaves are tender before the old leaves, so that all the leaves on the branches and vines lose their greenish yellow, or even the veins lose their greenish yellow or albinism, and the leaves become thin and easy to fall off, and the fruits are small and hard, with rough skins. 2. Magnesium deficiency, the symptoms mostly appear on the old leaves, and the chlorosis spots are regularly arranged at a certain distance along the leaf edge. The healthy green tissue band on both sides of the main collateral vein is wide, and the boundary between etiolated tissue and healthy tissue is obvious. 3. Due to zinc deficiency, the Huang Liang between veins of old leaves became green, the leaf margin was heavier, and the yellowing between veins of old leaves was more obvious. Sometimes there are lobules in the new buds, and the lobules grow in a long and narrow direction, not in a wide direction. Zinc deficiency not only affects the growth of shoot, but also affects the development of lateral roots. Second, there are five cases of serious illness: first, the old orchard entering the full fruit stage is seriously ill because of its large fruit load; Second, the former waterlogged land and the arid orchard that can't be watered; Third, orchards that do not pay attention to balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements; Fourthly, the orchards harmful to nematodiasis and root rot are neglected; The fifth is the orchard with extensive management. All the above situations fundamentally lead to the decline of tree vigor, the decline of root absorption and transportation capacity, and the occurrence of yellow leaves. Third, the cause of the disease Through symptom analysis and investigation, there are many reasons for the occurrence of kiwifruit yellow leaf disease in our county. First, drought and water shortage in orchards affect nutrient absorption. Secondly, the overload of fruit trees last year made the trees weak, which led to the lack of elements and caused yellow leaf disease. Element deficiency is mainly iron deficiency, magnesium and zinc, especially iron deficiency. Thirdly, the harm of nematodiasis and root rot causes the ability of root system to absorb nutrients to decrease, resulting in short plants on the ground and yellow and weak branches and leaves. Especially when the three reasons coexist and mix, it is more difficult to prevent and control. Pollution-free control technology (1) Nematode control 1. Strengthen seedling quarantine, do not allow the circulation of infected seedlings, and do not plant infected seedlings. 2. Choose wild kiwifruit varieties resistant to nematodes as rootstocks, such as Actinidia arguta, and don't make continuous cropping in the nursery. 3. Promote the construction of standardized gardens, and adopt (pollution-free) standardized scientific management from seedling raising to fruit unloading. For example, bio-organic fertilizer (0.5 ~ 1kg/ hole for young trees and 0 ~ 2 kg/hole for adult trees) should be vigorously promoted to enhance tree vigor and improve tree disease resistance. 4. Results Root-knot nematodes were found in the garden with 65,438+00% dichlorvos or Kelantan and 3% carbofuran granules, 3 ~ 5kg per mu. If the damage is serious, root-knot nematodes should be thoroughly uprooted or deeply ploughed 5 ~ 50cm under the crown every three months. 5. Intercropping gramineous herbaceous low-stalk crops that are not infected with nematodes, such as green manure and pasture. (2) Root rot control 1. Establish a drainage system to eliminate stagnant water. 2. Plant disease-free seedlings, and soak roots and root necks with 30% DT glue suspension 100 times for 3 hours. 3. It was found that the diseased plants were completely destroyed by roots, and the soil was fumigated and disinfected with methyl bromide. 4. Use 90% crystal trichlorfon 150 ~ 30 times solution and add 5 kg bran to trap and kill underground pests. 5.30% DT colloidal suspension 100 times solution 0.3kg/ plant or 40% carbendazim 500 times solution 0.5kg/ plant or 50% carbendazim 800 times solution interval 15 ~ 20 days, and it is better to irrigate the roots continuously for 2 ~ 3 times. (3) prevention and treatment of element deficiency diseases 1. Combine pruning with bud wiping, flower thinning and fruit thinning, cut off diseased branches and vines, wipe off diseased and weak buds, reasonably leave flowers and fruits, and avoid overloading fruit trees, weakening them and reducing their disease resistance. 2. Pay attention to balanced fertilization, combined with watering, pay attention to increasing potassium chloride or potassium sulfate while applying sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus (phosphate fertilizer should not be applied excessively), and keep the orchard yield of 7 kg per mu. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate, distiller's grains, vinegar grains, decomposed organic fertilizer, biological potassium, biological organic fertilizer, etc. When added to alkaline soil, it can enhance tree vigor and improve disease resistance. 3. Trace elements can be applied to the soil, and ferrous sulfate 1kg, zinc sulfate 2kg, magnesium sulfate or bischofite 1 ~ 2 kg can be applied per mu. 4. Foliar spraying of trace elements can be carried out by spraying 0.2% ~ 0.4% ferrous sulfate, 0.3% zinc sulfate and 0.3% ~ 0.5% magnesium sulfate every 7 ~ 10 days for 2 ~ 3 times continuously, and the foliar spraying effect is better before flowering. The occurrence and harm of yellow leaf disease can be effectively controlled by using the above three methods at the same time or alternately in orchards where element deficiency, nematode disease and root rot are mixed. Punch a small hole with a depth of 10 mm and a diameter of 2.5 mm at the base of the stem of a fruit tree with yellow and white leaves, and insert a microporous sustained-release syringe filled with injection. About ten days later, the yellow leaves turned green again, and the dying fruit trees miraculously revived. This is a national patent product finally developed by experts of Yangling Jiameizi Green Fertilizer Co., Ltd. after more than ten years of scientific research. Can be injected into fruit trees, garden trees, flowers and other crops. The advent of "Jiameizi" series products has finally made fruit trees yellow into a real "nemesis". At present, the product has been widely recognized by fruit growers and gardeners in Shaanxi and surrounding provinces. According to Guo Nong Hou of Bai Ya Town, zhouzhi county, his kiwifruit garden was yellowed in a large area a few years ago, and various chemicals were sprayed in the soil, but to no avail. The local drugstore also has products such as drilling needles and pills, which have a good effect, but he has been afraid to use them because they are too big and too deep and hurt trees. So when he sells kiwifruit every year, he is very worried, either he can't sell it or he can't sell it at a price. As soon as the kiwifruit leaves this spring, he hurried to the garden to see that the newly grown leaves were still yellow and white, which was more serious than in previous years. He was anxious and asked around before he knew that a new fruit tree nutrient solution called "Jiameizi" had a good effect. What's more gratifying is that it is a national patent product, and the micro-hole slow-release injection technology has the advantages of small drilling, shallow drilling, fast healing and no damage to trees. At that time, he himself took the attitude of "a dead horse is a living horse doctor" and used all his two acres of garden. Amazingly, it is very advanced, and it doesn't hurt the tree. Within three days, the original white veins began to turn green, and in five days, the leaves were nearly half green. After 15 days, kiwi fruit tree, which was about to wither and die, all turned dark green, and the trees were surprisingly strong. This product was successfully developed by many experts of Yangling Jiameizi Green Fertilizer Co., Ltd. after more than ten years of scientific and technological research. It has two national patents, including the patent of microporous sustained-release syringe for trees and the patent of fruit tree nutrient solution. Among them, the micro-hole of the micro-hole sustained-release syringe for trees is only 2.5 mm, and the shallow hole is only 10mm, so it can be drilled with nails, which overcomes the shortcomings that the previous syringe needs a hand drill or an electric drill and the hole is too large to heal. It is worth mentioning that the nail fills the hole, and after the nutrient solution is injected, the wood at the hole can be closed automatically, and the cortical wound can heal completely and quickly without damaging the trees. Fruit tree nutrient solution is composed of mineral elements and special natural bioactive substances, which can regulate the physiological functions of trees, promote flower bud differentiation, eliminate fruits in different years and prolong the full fruit period. Enhance metabolism, promote growth control, prevent falling flowers and fruits, accelerate fruit expansion and coloring, optimize fruit shape, increase production and improve quality. Improve the self-immunity of trees and prevent root rot, canker, scab, rot, early defoliation and jujube witches' broom. At the same time, it can quickly balance the nutrition of trees, reduce the fertilizer input by more than 80%, increase the yield by more than 30%, and prevent or radically cure physiological diseases such as yellow leaves, yellow fruits, lobules, bitter pox, pockmarked seeds, fruit shrinkage, fruit cracking and Shui Xin. .