primary structure
The exhaust gas turbocharger drives the turbine in the turbine to rotate with the help of the high-temperature exhaust gas of 700-900 degrees Celsius discharged by the engine, and the turbine shaft drives the impeller in the compressor to rotate at high speed, so that the air is centrifugally compressed, and the intake density of the engine is increased to 2-3 atmospheres. Then, we can inject more fuel into the engine to improve its own power.
The exhaust gas turbocharger consists of a turbine driven by exhaust gas, a compressor for compressing fresh air, an intermediate support bearing and a bypass valve adjusting mechanism.
Development history
The earliest patent application for turbocharger is in 1905. Dr AlfredBuchi of Sulzer Brothers R&D Company applied for turbocharger &; The first patent of mdash; & ampMdash Power-driven axial-flow turbocharger, but in view of the industrial level at that time, Dr. Butch did not produce the first effective turbocharger product. 199 1 year started working in winterthur supercharger factory, and in 19 15, a prototype of aero-engine supercharger was manufactured. With the help of engine exhaust gas, the key purpose is to overcome the negative correlation between high altitude thin air and power. During World War II, the supercharger made by General Electric (GE) lifted the plane to 10000 meters.
Fatal failure
Generally, when choosing a supercharger, according to the working characteristics of different supercharging systems, the matching working line of the compressor has been selected at an appropriate position on the right side of the surge line B. At this time, it can not only ensure that the diesel engine reaches the predetermined supercharging index, but also ensure that the supercharger works in a high-efficiency area and does not surge in the whole working range of the diesel engine. So under normal circumstances, most of them will not skyrocket. However, when the working conditions change, for example, the passage of the booster system is blocked, the load is too high or too low, the load of the diesel engine is uneven, and the load suddenly changes. , the matching working line will partially or completely enter the surge zone, which will lead to surge. Let's briefly introduce the reasons that may affect the surge of supercharger. The relationship between the factors of supercharger flow passage blockage One of the direct consequences of supercharger flow passage blockage is that it will increase the airflow resistance in the system. When the diesel engine is running, the gas flow route of the supercharging system is: compressor inlet filter and muffler &; Rarr compressor impeller &; Diffuser of rarr compressor &; Rarr air cooler &; Rarr scavenging box&; Air inlet (valve) of rarr diesel engine & Rarr exhaust port (valve)&; Rarr exhaust pipe &; Rarr exhaust gas turbine nozzle ring: exhaust gas turbine impeller; Chimney. The circulation area of each structure is basically fixed. If any link in the above-mentioned flow path is blocked, such as dirt, carbon deposition, deformation, etc. Basically, the back pressure of the compressor will increase because of the increase of flow resistance, and the flow rate will be shortened, resulting in surge. Among them, the components that are easy to get dirty are compressor intake filter, compressor impeller and diffuser, air cooler, diesel engine intake (scavenging) and exhaust port (valve), exhaust gas turbine nozzle ring and exhaust gas turbine impeller. In general, the blockage of air flow passage of turbocharger is the key reason for its surge. Under management
The above components should be maintained and cleaned regularly to avoid or eliminate surge.
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