For example, in the process of pipe hanging, when the workpiece needs to be placed at a fixed point, it is necessary for the crane to have good fretting performance and realize accurate positioning.
Question 2: What is the use of cranes? There are many kinds of gantry cranes, which can be divided into the following four types according to their uses, and the uses of each gantry crane are introduced in detail. 1. Ordinary gantry cranes Most of these cranes adopt box-type and truss-type structures, which are the most widely used. It can carry all kinds of finished goods and bulk materials, with a lifting weight below100t and a span of 4-39m. The working level of ordinary gantry crane with grab bucket is higher. Ordinary gantry cranes mainly refer to hook, grab, electromagnetic and hoist gantry cranes, as well as semi-gantry cranes. 2. The gantry crane of hydropower station is mainly used for hoisting and opening and closing the gate, and can also be installed. The lifting capacity is 80 ~ 500 tons, and the small span is 8 ~16m; The lifting speed is low, which is 1 ~ 5m/min. Although this kind of crane is not often hoisted, once it is used, the work is very heavy and it needs to be improved appropriately. 3. Shipbuilding gantry crane is used to assemble the hull on the berth, and there are always two lifting trolleys: one with two main hooks runs on the track on the upper flange of the bridge; The other one has a main hook and an auxiliary hook, which runs on the track of the flange under the bridge to overturn and hoist large hull sections. The lifting capacity is generally 100 ~ 1500 tons; Span185m; The lifting speed is 2 ~ 15m/min, and there is also a fretting speed of 0. 1 ~ 0.5m/min.
Question 3: What are the requirements for hoisting machinery installation and maintenance personnel? 1. Responsibilities of mechanical installation and maintenance personnel 1. Lifting machinery installation and maintenance personnel must accept the safety technical training of relevant departments in accordance with the regulations, and can only take up their posts after passing the examination and obtaining the qualification certificate. 2. Implement enterprise standards and various rules and regulations, and fully complete the mechanical disassembly and maintenance tasks assigned by the leaders with good quality, on schedule and safely. 3. Strictly implement the safety operation rules, carry out regular safety education and safety activities, eliminate and rectify the potential safety hazards of tools or rigging in time, adhere to civilized construction, achieve "finish the work, use all the materials and clear the site", and adhere to the principle of "three no-misses" in accident analysis; 4. Participate in the technical disclosure of hoisting machinery installation and disassembly; 5. Responsible for the installation, disassembly and maintenance of hoisting machinery; In the process of installation and disassembly, operate in strict accordance with the requirements of operating procedures and instructions, control safety and quality, and leave no potential safety hazards; 6, completes the mechanical installation, disassembly and maintenance records; 7. Actively participate in safety study and safety inspection, and timely put forward various safety measures and related suggestions; 8. Take an active part in on-the-job training and on-the-job training, ensure that you have certificates and constantly improve your professional and technical level; 9. Cooperate with technicians to carry out regular safety inspection on machinery, and deal with problems immediately when found.
2 Duties of the crane commander 1. Lifting commanders must receive safety technical training from relevant departments in accordance with regulations, and can only take up their posts after passing the examination and obtaining qualification certificates; 2. The commander should contact the operator according to the signal requirements in GB5082-85 "Lifting Command Signal". 3, the commander of the command signal must be clear and accurate. 4, the commander should stand in a safe position, so that the operator can see the command signal, when following the load for command, should always command the load to avoid people and obstacles. 5. When the commander can't see the operator and the load clearly at the same time, he must set an intermediate commander to transmit the signal step by step. When he finds an error signal, he should immediately send out a stop signal. 6. Before the load falls, the commander must confirm that the landing area is safe before sending out the falling signal. 7, many people tied to hang the same weight, should be prepared to call response, after confirming the correct tied to hang, before one person is responsible for directing the lifting. 8. When two cranes lift the same load, the commander should command each crane with both hands to ensure synchronization. 9. When starting to lift the goods, first use the "inching" signal to command, and then use the normal speed to command after the goods leave the ground 10~20cm and are stably fastened. When necessary, before the load drops, the "high precision" signal is also used for commands.
3. Responsibilities of lifting machinery operators 1. Lifting machinery operators must receive safety technical training from relevant departments in accordance with regulations, and can only take up their posts after passing the examination and obtaining qualification certificates; 2, lifting machinery operators should be familiar with the structure and technical performance of the operating crane mechanism and the basic knowledge of maintenance and repair. 3. Check the working range of the crane before operation, and remove obstacles that hinder the crane from walking and turning. Check whether the track is straight and whether there is subsidence; Gauge and elevation difference are in accordance with the regulations. 4. Before operation, all inspections and maintenance should be carried out in accordance with the maintenance procedures of this machine. 5. General requirements for safe operation of hoisting machinery 5. 1. For rail cranes operating in the open air, the rail clamp should be loosened before operation and clamped after operation. 5.2. Only when it is confirmed that there is no one on and around the crane can the main power switch be turned off. 5.3. Before turning off the main power switch, ensure that all control handles are in the zero position. 5.4. Check the brakes, hooks, wire ropes and safety devices, and conduct necessary tests. If there is abnormality, it should be ruled out before operation. 5.5. During maintenance, cut off the main power switch. 6, snow, rainy days, should maintain a good line of sight, to prevent the various parts of the crane brake be affected with damp be affected with damp. Before operation, check each brake and try to hoist it. Only after confirming that they are reliable can they be operated. 7, when the crane is running, irrelevant personnel don't enter the operating room. Operators must concentrate on their work and must not leave their jobs without authorization.
Question 4: What is a gantry crane and how many kinds are there? What are the main functions? Portal crane is a kind of crane with legs like portal crane. Classification hook gantry crane, grab gantry crane, electromagnetic gantry crane, grab hook gantry crane, grab electromagnetic gantry crane, three-purpose gantry crane.
The main function is to use the gantry when it is used outdoors, or when there is no bridge crane in the factory building. It is mainly used for installation, loading and unloading or shipbuilding and power stations.
Question 5: Which lifting equipment needs to be equipped with crane safety monitoring system? The sudden fracture of steel wire rope often causes serious accidents, which are caused by fatigue, broken wire, wear and overload of lifting capacity. Crane safety monitoring system is mainly aimed at safe and naturally important cranes, such as container loading and unloading gantry cranes, manned elevators and so on.
Commonly used wire ropes include phosphating coated wire ropes, galvanized wire ropes, stainless steel wire ropes or plastic coated wire ropes. Crane users need high-quality steel wire rope, which should have long service life, high stability and reliability. The failure of steel wire rope used in atmospheric environment is mainly caused by fretting wear, fatigue and corrosion. At present, the first preventive measure against fretting fatigue in the field of steel wire rope in the world is phosphating coated steel wire rope produced by patented technology. After manganese phosphating or zinc-manganese treatment, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel wire are improved in an all-round way. It is not easy to wear and corrode, and the fatigue life of phosphating coated steel wire rope is three times that of smooth steel wire rope with the same structure (under comparable conditions in laboratory), which can be verified by fatigue test. If you have your own fatigue testing machine, you can do a comparative test yourself. This test result is the most credible. The service life of wire rope is proportional to the fatigue life, and the service life will also be extended in proportion.
Although the price of manganese phosphating coated steel wire rope is higher than that of smooth steel wire rope, the average daily use cost is only 40-55% of that of smooth steel wire rope because of its long service life. Phosphating coated steel wire rope is produced by patented technology and has been legally produced by many enterprises. It's hard to get it at present because the demand exceeds the supply. Please note that the name of wire rope must be indicated on the purchase invoice, such as phosphating coated wire rope. Prevent illegal enterprises from infringing their legitimate rights and interests with fake and shoddy products. In addition, patented products will generally be marked with the patent number on the outer package of steel wire rope, and the warranty should have the main technical indicators, such as the type and weight of phosphating film (phosphating film has an important impact on the service life of steel wire rope, such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance, etc.), for reference only.
Question 6: What's the use of Zhonglian crane? Truck crane is a kind of special equipment, which needs to be certified. On the basis of receiving crane operation training, operate in strict accordance with the operating instructions of Zhonglian crane. Crane users need high-quality steel wire rope, which should have long service life, high stability and reliability. Fretting fatigue is the main reason for the failure of steel wire ropes used in atmospheric environment. At present, the first preventive measure against fretting fatigue in the field of steel wire rope in the world is phosphating coated steel wire rope produced by patented technology. After manganese phosphating or zinc-manganese treatment, the surface wear resistance and corrosion resistance of wire rope are improved in an all-round way, and the fatigue life of wire rope is greatly improved. The fatigue life of smooth steel wire rope with the same structure is three times (under comparable conditions in laboratory), which can be verified by fatigue test. If you have a fatigue testing machine, you can do a comparative test yourself. This test result is the most credible, and the service life of wire rope is directly proportional to the fatigue life. If the fatigue life is long, the service life will be extended in proportion. According to the approximate price of steel wire rope market at present, the price of manganese phosphating coated steel wire rope is about 1.4- 1.6 times that of smooth steel wire rope, and the extension of service life is much higher than the price increase. Therefore, the daily average use cost of phosphating coated steel wire rope is only 40-55% of that of smooth steel wire rope, which is lower in use cost and higher in cost performance. . Phosphate coated steel wire rope has longer service life, lower use cost and better stability than smooth steel wire rope. Phosphating steel wire rope is produced by patented technology. Because it is in short supply, it is difficult to buy it at present, so it is necessary to ask the wire rope manufacturer more. Please note that the name of wire rope, such as phosphating wire rope, must be indicated in the purchase invoice to prevent illegal enterprises from infringing their legitimate rights and interests. In addition, patented products are generally painted with patent numbers on the outer packaging of wire ropes. The warranty shall include the main technical indicators such as the type and weight of phosphating film (phosphating film has a great influence on the service life of wire rope, such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance, etc.) for reference only.
Question 7: What kinds of audio signals do crane drivers use? What does signal correspondence mean? 15 lifting command signals are divided into gestures, sounds and semaphores.
When the heavy object is suspended in the air and the brake of the crane suddenly fails, the crane driver should take ascending action to ensure that the heavy object does not fall freely, move the heavy object to a safe place and put it down, and do not return to the zero position during the process, so as to avoid accidents caused by the free fall of the heavy object.
The sound signal used by crane drivers consists of five simple sounds with different lengths.
A long sound: "Ready", "Stop"
Two short sounds: "forward" three short sounds: "reverse" intermittent short sound: "jog" fast long sound: "emergency stop"
The basic requirements for crane driver operation are as follows
1. Seriously implement the Operation Rules for Cranes and related management regulations.
2. Seriously implement the crane safety operation procedures and strictly abide by labor discipline.
3. Do a good job of preparation and inspection before driving to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and the operation is correct.
4. If the crane driver is unwell, he should explain to the leader that he is not allowed to get on the bus under normal circumstances.
5. Concentrate on your work and don't play jokes on others on the ground.
6. When the crane moves, it must ring first and then start.
7. The crane driver should obey the command of the ground commander and keep pace with the commander.
8. Be familiar with the equipment operation, maintenance and personal safety of this position.
9. Do a good job of lubrication and cleaning.
10. We should conscientiously do "ten don't hang up". 5, crane driver climbing operation safety precautions
Pay attention to anti-slip and prevent falling when going up and down.
Question 8: What is a mechanical interlock? It is to lock two related things by mechanical means, such as doors, which must be unlocked before they can be opened, or to open this door first and then open another door in sequence.
Question 9: The classification of portal cranes can be divided into three categories according to their uses: ① Portal cranes for loading and unloading: they are mainly used in ports and open storage yards, and are loaded and unloaded by grab or hook. The lifting weight is generally less than 25 tons and does not change with the amplitude. Work speed is high, so productivity is often an important indicator. (2) Portal crane for shipbuilding: it is mainly used in slipway, floating dock and outfitting site for hull splicing and equipment outfitting, and the hook is used as a spreader. The maximum lifting capacity is 300 tons, and the lifting capacity will be reduced accordingly when the range is large. There are many kinds of lifting speeds, which can be increased when the lifting load is light. Some working mechanisms are also equipped with micro-motion devices to meet the installation requirements. The height of the gantry can meet the requirements of large lifting height and large-scale operation, but the working speed is low and the productivity is not high. (3) Portal crane for building installation: mainly used for dam irrigation, hoisting of equipment and prefabricated components, etc. In hydropower stations, hooks are generally used. The lifting capacity and working speed are generally between the first two kinds of cranes. It has the characteristics of good transportability of the whole machine, large lowering depth of the spreader and good adaptability to temporary operation and trestle operation.
Question 10: How to command hoisting? The command for promotion is as follows:
Whistle symbol:
"-"indicates a long tone symbol longer than one second,
"●" means a short tone symbol less than one second.
"○" indicates a pause symbol.
Whistle (sound signal)
1 "Prepare" and "Stop"
Long voice-
2 "rising"
Two short notes ●●
3 "decline"
Three short notes ●●●
4 "Micro Motion"
Intermittent short tone ●●●●●●●
5 "Emergency Stop"
Short and long sound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The application of signal coordination ―― the coordination between the conductor's use of audio signals and gestures or semaphore signals.
1 When making the sound of "rising", you can cooperate with gestures or semaphores such as "hook", "arm up", "arm out" and "grab" respectively.
When making the "down" sound, you can cooperate with the gestures or semaphores of "hook down", "lower arm", "lower arm" and "let go" respectively.
When making a "micro-motion" sound, you can cooperate with the gestures or semaphores of "hook slightly up, hook slightly down, hook slightly moving horizontally, arm slightly up and arm slightly down" respectively.
4 When the "emergency stop" sound is issued, it can be matched with the "emergency stop" gesture or semaphore.
5 when sending out audio signals, you can cooperate with gestures or semaphores that are not specified above.
Coordination between commanders and drivers:
1 When the commander gives the "Ready" signal, he should look at the driver, and the driver can only start work after receiving the signal.
When the commander sends out the gestures or semaphores of "main hook", "auxiliary hook" and "inching range", he should look at the driver visually and send out the sound signal of "ready". After receiving the signal, the driver should operate accurately.
When the commander sends out the "finished work" gesture or semaphore, he should look at the driver and send out the "stop" audio signal. After receiving the signal, the driver should answer the "understand" signal before leaving the post.
4 when the commander asks the lifting machinery to move slightly, he can repeatedly signal as needed. The driver should operate the equipment slowly and smoothly according to the signal requirements. In addition, if there are no special requirements (such as special gesture signals of marine cranes), other command signals should be given by the commander at one time. The driver must operate the equipment according to the original command signal before receiving the next signal.