Preparing project construction bidding documents is a highly professional and complex task, involving all aspects such as project overview, bidding qualification review, subcontracting, contract terms, project payment and settlement methods, etc. It goes without saying that the quality of the tender documents prepared directly affects the success or failure of the tender activities and the later implementation of the project. The tenderer and its entrusted bidding agency shall prepare bidding documents based on the characteristics of the industry, as well as the specific characteristics and actual needs of the bidding project. For bidding projects that must be carried out in accordance with the law, in accordance with Article 15 of the "Regulations on the Implementation of the Bidding Law", the standard text formulated by the development and reform department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant administrative supervision departments shall be used, and the chapters and clauses that can be refined shall be revised in accordance with the regulations. Specifically, the content that can be decided independently, such as the evaluation criteria, scores and weights of the comprehensive evaluation method, are determined independently by the tenderer. Moreover, Article 19 of the "Measures for Electronic Tendering" stipulates that pre-qualification announcements, bidding announcements, pre-qualification documents, bidding documents, etc. in the form of data messages should be standardized and formatted, and comply with relevant laws and regulations as well as standards issued by relevant national departments. Text requirements. This article lists 11 key points in the preparation of engineering construction bidding documents, hoping to be helpful to your work. 1. Preparing project overview When preparing project construction bidding documents, the purpose of project overview description is to help potential bidders understand the project situation. The main content includes the name of the bidder, project name, location, scale, geology and landforms, climate conditions, site conditions, project conditions (structure type, form and number of building structures, number of floors, main building content, requirements for the surrounding environment, design standards ) Pre-construction preparations and geological data, etc. The technical requirements of the industrial construction project overview should be described in more detail and clearly, such as special requirements for impermeability, fire protection, temperature resistance, automatic control systems, the processes used, and the equipment installed, etc. Some industrial construction projects have many structures, such as various pools, underground passages, chimneys, towers, furnaces, etc. The technical requirements are special and complex. Generally, the special requirements should be stated according to each unit's project. After providing a complete set of design drawings or construction drawings and a bill of quantities, the project overview can be written briefly, but the project situation, geology and landforms, climatic conditions, building scale, and characteristics must be written out so that the bidder can basically Learn about the general situation of the project in the project overview. When bidding documents are put on sale, in addition to a full set of construction drawings issued to potential bidders, such as special projects such as ports, docks, bridges, etc., they should also be accompanied by maps of the sea areas near the project and situation maps of the project area at the construction site. 2. Bidding qualification review The qualifications of bidders are generally clearly stipulated in the bidding announcement and pre-qualification announcement. For bidding projects that have not been pre-qualified, the bidding documents should also indicate the requirements for the bidder's bidding qualifications and the procedures for qualification review. Way. The review of bidder qualifications and qualification level requirements shall be based on industry, project category, project scale, structural form, complexity, construction period, and project quality requirements. Enterprises should be familiar with the qualification levels and business scope conditions of each construction enterprise set by the construction administrative department, according to the complexity and difficulty of the project type (area or volume) (complex structure, multiple steel structures, large spans, towering, complex installation of mechanical and electrical equipment) Comprehensive consideration of construction period requirements, sub-item quality requirements (such as impermeability, heat resistance, radiation protection, earthquake resistance, etc.), harsh construction conditions (high temperature, narrow site, quicksand, large water volume, production intersection, etc.), *** Same as Determine the qualification level of the construction enterprise suitable for this project to meet the needs of the project. Regarding the qualification level requirements of bidders, it should be distinguished whether they are general construction contracting qualifications or professional contracting qualifications, depending on their coverage and interleaving. The level cannot be set too high, so as not to exclude capable and economical potential bidders, or there are not enough bidders to open the legal tender, and it cannot contain discriminatory conditions or set based on personal intentions. When preparing bidding documents or pre-qualification documents, the general principle to follow regarding the qualifications of bidders is to first look at the general contracting contract, then the professional contracting, and then look at the regulations promulgated by other ministries and associations, and try to be as thorough as possible. The names and levels of each contracting qualification must be written accurately without making mistakes to avoid unnecessary disputes. When setting qualification requirements, let’s talk about pre-qualification: If there are not many bidders, it is enough to follow the "qualification system" required in the "Standard Pre-qualification Document". If there are too many bidders, the pre-qualification document should announce the qualification review. The comparison method (scoring method) can be based on the "limited quantity system" of the "Standard Prequalification Documents".
3. On-site survey and pre-bid meeting First of all, the time, gathering location, and whether the bidder will bring his or her own vehicle for the "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" should be stated in the bidding document. According to the time and place specified in the bidding documents, organize a "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" attended by the design unit and all potential bidders who purchased the bidding documents. In order to facilitate the operation and save everyone's time and expenses, it is best to organize the "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" together, and specify the procedures, time, and precautions in the bidding documents. The "pre-bid meeting" and "site inspection" are completed in four steps: A. Organize the pre-bid meeting and introduce the project; B. Visit the site and introduce the site conditions; C. Hold a face-to-face questioning and clarification meeting; D. Distribute the minutes of the general meeting Note on the Q&A document: During the site visit, the introducer should introduce the site conditions so that all potential bidders can hear, so as to avoid explaining the situation to only one party after asking questions, causing everyone to misunderstand. 4. The most easily overlooked aspect during subcontracting and bidding is subcontracting. It is often encountered that the subcontracting scope and requirements are not stated in the project construction bidding documents, and the bidders cleverly do not remind them, which is too troublesome when signing and executing the contract. Therefore, from pre-qualification to tendering and bidding, the content of subcontracting should be clarified in advance, the scope should be divided well, and the qualification requirements for subcontractors should be reviewed clearly in advance during the qualification review. If it is not determined whether to subcontract during the qualification review and the project construction does require subcontracting, this should be clearly stated in the tender documents prepared. It is necessary for the "Standard Document" to include a subcontracting clause in the general provisions of the Instructions to Bidders, and clearly indicate that the subcontracted work is non-subject and non-critical work, and explain the restrictions, so that it is not easy to omit. 5. Project payment and settlement method 1. Adopt the method of advance payment for the project. It is necessary to clarify the amount of advance payment, the method of deduction in proportion and step by step, and the payment shall be measured and paid according to the monthly progress. 2. Instead of prepaying for project material preparation (not recommended), payment can be made on a monthly basis based on the progress of the project, with progressive price payment settlement. 3. That is to say, advance payment for the project is paid in advance, and progress payment is also made according to the image project. No matter which method is adopted, a certain proportion of the project money should be retained as warranty money (3-5% for civil engineering and installation; 5-10% for equipment), which should be deducted and paid according to the warranty period stipulated by the state. This should be stated in the special terms of the contract. The amount cannot be too large. The construction unit shall pay the advance payment for the project and require the construction unit to submit a performance guarantee and advance payment guarantee. The "Standard Document" provides the format of the performance guarantee and the advance payment guarantee format, which will be used by the bidders when bidding in the past. Instead of providing a letter of guarantee issued by a bank in your own account, you can provide a letter of guarantee signed by the bidder when bidding, which reduces the bidding burden on construction companies. 6. Construction period The construction period should be determined based on the construction period quota and completion needs to stipulate a reasonable construction period. From a practical perspective, consider the winter rainy season, holidays, and even construction schedule measures during wheat harvest and autumn harvest. When individual projects work with each other, some construction periods are urgent, and some construction periods are relatively generous, so they all need to be treated differently. If the construction period is advanced, the cost of rush measures should be considered. There should be rewards and penalties for those who advance the construction period and delay the construction period. The construction period must be determined through consultation with the tenderer, and the tendering agency should check it. 7. Construction project construction contract clauses The special clauses of the contract are an important part of the bidding process. The main contract conditions stated in the construction bidding documents are the basis for both parties to sign the contract and are generally not allowed to be changed. The contract terms in the bidding documents are unilaterally concluded by the tenderer, and the bidder is forced to agree before he can participate in the bidding. That is, the offeror (the bidder or the contractor in the contract) submits the terms to the offeree (the tenderer or the contractor in the contract). Once the winning bidder is selected, the contract conditions in the bidding documents become the offeree's "commitment" and are legally binding. Engineering construction bidding is not like other project bidding. It contains special contract conditions formulated and stated by the bidder in the bidding document. Generally, deviations are not allowed. If the bidder does not agree with the contract terms when bidding, the possibility of winning the bid is basically Zero (except for changes when the contract is signed after winning the bid). The more important contents in the contract conditions are: A. Contract documents and explanation sequence. When preparing the contract part of the bidding document, you usually pay more attention to the general clauses, special clauses, agreement, warranty, safety commitment, performance guarantee and other contract documents, and often Ignoring the other contents that constitute the contract documents, and thereby ignoring the priority of interpretation of the contract documents, it was not until a contract dispute actually occurred that the order of interpretation was discovered to be too important. The "Standard Document" states the order of priority in the General Contract Principles, which cannot be changed. B. Obligations of the Employer and Contractor The employer and contractor should also stipulate the obligations of both parties in detail in the special contract conditions.
For example: the parts of the site conditions before construction that should be borne by the contractor: water and electricity interfaces; road opening time; underground pipeline data; verification of level points and coordinate control points, etc. Parts undertaken by the contractor: hollow drilling and exploratory excavation; safety protection of adjacent buildings, structures, and cultural relics; management of traffic, sanitation, and noise; subcontracting and subcontracting; storage and use of materials; completion cleanup, etc. There are also contents that both parties must bear jointly: risks and losses of both parties; insurance; patents; temporary facilities, etc. It should be carefully prepared in accordance with relevant national requirements and construction industry regulations. C. For delays in the construction period, it is necessary to distinguish whether the delay and responsibility is caused by the employer or the contractor. The conditions for construction delay in the general clauses have been stipulated in the "Standard Document" contract. The special clauses must also state that if the construction period is delayed due to the contractor's reasons, the contractor has the right to request an extension of the construction period by days and/or increased costs, and shall be responsible for the delay. The reasonable profit payable by the contractor; the calculation method for liquidated damages for delayed construction due to the contractor's reasons and overdue completion. The payment of liquidated damages stated in the general terms does not relieve the contractor from its obligation to complete the work and remedy defects. D. Acceptance methods and standards. Acceptance shall comply with national standards and/or standards issued by ministries of various industries, and the acceptance period and methods shall be specified. E. Quality, safety, environmental protection, and energy conservation are the requirements of the national environment. They should be signed separately in the contract, or the bidder should be required to submit a written commitment in the bidding document. F. Measurement and payment Measurement and payment are matters that all parties to the bidding and bidding pay more attention to. They are closely related to the quotation method stated in the bidding documents. They have an extremely important impact on the bidder's quotation, and they need to be agreed in advance in the special conditions. There is more content. What needs to be noted is: ① Will the price be adjusted? How to adjust? It should be stated in the contract; ② The payment method and amount of the project advance payment (generally based on the proportion of the total price of the project contract) and the deduction method; ③ The confirmation of the project quantity when paying according to the progress; ④ The time and proportion of the progress payment ; ⑤ The proportion of warranty money and the time and method of payment; ⑥ Other conditions that should be determined in the special contract conditions. Completion settlement and final settlement shall be governed by the general terms except those specified in the special contract terms. When bidders purchase bidding documents, they usually ask: How to pay for the project? In order to understand the project construction funding situation, this part of the contract must be written clearly. G. Supply of materials and equipment The materials and engineering equipment that the real estate enterprise is responsible for supplying should state the name, specifications, quantity, unit price and total price, as well as the material price difference, delivery time, delivery method, delivery location, etc. in the special contract terms. , and agree on transportation costs, storage costs and acceptance, and clarify responsibilities. Among them, Party A's supply of materials, materials, and equipment should be clearly stated in a form attached to the special clauses of the contract. If the equipment is provided by Party A, its installation work responsibilities must be clearly defined, who will do the installation work, how the general contract service fee will be included, etc. H. Claims for breach of contract Claims for breach of contract should include: delays in the construction period caused by various reasons; demolition of the project caused by the use of substandard materials and equipment; repair of defects; delay in payment of project fees by the contractor; expenses caused by breach of contract termination or subsequent resumption of work caused by both parties wait. Claims for breach of contract should distinguish the responsibilities of both the developer and the contractor, and cannot only stipulate the contractor and exempt the developer from liability. The compensation terms should specify the specific amount, deduction method and number of days to postpone the construction period in the special terms. I. Other special terms of the contract include special provisions on design changes, submission time and amount of the letter of guarantee, insurance, dispute resolution methods, acceptance and settlement, safe construction, quality assurance, environmental protection and energy saving, construction organization design, drawings, etc. 8. Bill of Quantities The bill of quantities shall be prepared by the tenderer with the ability to prepare tender documents, or by an intermediary agency entrusted by it with corresponding qualifications. Real estate companies must carefully check the construction drawings, and bidders must carefully review the project quantities based on the drawings. If any errors are found, all qualified potential bidders must be notified within the statutory time limit. The quotation description of the bill of quantities in the bidding document should be detailed, complete and clear, such as the tentative estimated amount, tentative valuation, day labor, etc. Special items not included in the specifications, the special requirements of the bidder and the pricing should also be considered. Methods etc. There are two ways to deal with the physical quantity and unit price of general bidding projects in the contract: 1. Actual calculation of actual quantity. Adjustments after construction are allowed and will be calculated based on the actual completed work quantity, but the unit price will not be adjusted. That is to say, as is customary: adjust the quantity but not the price. 2. Killed in one go. The physical quantity and unit price will not be adjusted. No adjustments will be made except for design changes. 9. Quotation Quotation is the most sensitive part for both the tenderer and the bidder, and it is also the "core" part of the bidding activities.
The complete construction drawings of the project have been issued, and a bill of quantities has been provided. The calculation rules, units of measurement, provisional amounts, and sub-items and quantities of provisional valuations have been stated in the bill of quantities. Generally, there are two quotation methods: ① The bidding quotation adopts a fixed price. The winning bid price is fixed and will not change due to changes in market prices or policy adjustments. If any changes are required, these will be stated in the main terms of the contract. Suitable for simple house construction and clear settlement. ②The bidding quotation adopts adjustable price. The winning bid price is only the planned price and may change due to changes in market prices and policy adjustments. The above two methods ① and ② are often used in project bidding. At present, domestic bidding mostly adopts bill of quantities for pricing, and the quotation is a fixed unit price. The unit price is divided into "unit price of work and materials" and "comprehensive unit price". Generally, the project quantity calculation rules and pricing with reference to relevant quotas should be stipulated in the bidding documents. If the "unit price of work and materials" is quoted, the quotation will be calculated based on the corresponding project quantity calculation rules and quotas. The unit price and combined price quoted by the bidder in the quotation, as well as the price in the bid quotation summary table, include the cost of completing the project. Costs, profits, taxes, management fees, technical measures fees, entry and exit fees for large machinery, risk fees, fees stipulated in policy documents, etc. When using the "comprehensive unit price" quotation, the unit price and combined price should be reported based on the project items and quantities listed in the bill of quantities provided by the bidder. Only one quote is allowed per item. If the bidder fails to fill in the unit price or combined price of the project, the cost will be deemed to have been included in the unit price or combined price of other priced items. The unit price and combined price quoted by the bidder in the bill of quantities with a price tag in the quotation, as well as the price in the bid quotation summary table, include the cost, profit, tax, management fee, technical measure fee, large machinery investment, etc. to complete the project. All fees including appearance fees, risk fees, fees stipulated in policy documents, etc. For the above two quotation methods ① and ②, the settlement formula should be listed in the project settlement method. There is also a "cost plus remuneration" method, which is not stipulated in the "Standard Document" and can be used. That is, a contract method in which the project payment is paid to the contractor based on the actual cost of the project, that is, the direct project fee, plus the measure fees, indirect fees, profits, and taxes agreed upon by both parties. This pricing method is mainly suitable for situations where the content of the project is not very clear before the start of construction, such as emergency projects that are being designed and constructed at the same time, or projects that need to be repaired after being damaged by earthquakes, wars and other disasters. The adoption of the "cost plus remuneration" method requires approval from the supervisory agency and is not within the scope of this trial. 10. Bid evaluation method The bid evaluation method is a "key link" in the bidding process. The quality of the bid evaluation method directly affects whether the ideal bid winner can be selected in this bidding activity, that is, the bidding result. The bid evaluation method is stipulated in Article 29 of Order No. 12 of the seven national ministries and commissions that “the bid evaluation method includes the reviewed minimum bid price method, the comprehensive evaluation method, or other bid evaluation methods permitted by laws and regulations.” The "Standard Document" stipulates two bid evaluation methods: the reviewed lowest bid price method and the comprehensive evaluation method. In fact, these two methods are enough, and other methods are just procedural evolutions of these two methods, with little difference. The factors and standards for evaluation have been stated in the "Standard Document", while the quantitative standards and scoring standards need to be negotiated and compiled based on the conditions of the construction project, and filled in the "front appendix" of the bid evaluation method. 11. Reference materials When preparing construction bidding documents, a set of detailed reference materials should also be prepared and sold at the same time as the bidding documents and drawings to provide a detailed explanation of the project status and site conditions of the construction project. In engineering construction, on-site conditions refer to the conditions that the project has before construction at the construction site. These conditions have a direct impact on the construction organization design and specific construction, and also directly affect the project quotation and project cost. The site conditions in the reference materials include natural conditions, hydrogeological survey and economic conditions, etc., which should be introduced in detail in the document so that the bidders can be familiar with the construction environment of the project, reasonably consider the risks, and be thorough and reasonable when preparing the construction organization design. Quotation. Generally speaking, site conditions include natural conditions, economic conditions, environmental conditions, living and welfare conditions and other information that the tenderer deems necessary to provide. After purchasing the bidding documents, the bidding unit should conduct an on-site inspection to understand and investigate the conditions provided in the reference materials in detail, which will serve as the basis for preparing the construction organization design and quotation. When bidding for large-scale special projects, if the project status has been indicated in the project overview, then it can be explained in detail in the reference materials. When bidding for project construction, the bidder should also provide detailed survey information in the reference materials. If there is no detailed survey, at least preliminary survey information should be provided.
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