Ecological architecture refers to the comprehensive application of the achievements of contemporary architecture, ecology and other technical sciences to build a small ecosystem and provide residents with a vibrant, natural, convenient, comfortable, energy-saving and pollution-free living environment.
In order to turn this idea into reality, some people abroad have begun experiments. These experimental schemes are as follows: (1) using solar energy to generate electricity, heat and cool, and supply power for lighting, household appliances and ventilation; Flowers and trees are planted indoors, and sunlight penetrates through the thick glass roof with good thermal insulation performance, so that plants can fully realize photosynthesis, thrive in the artificial environment with automatic temperature control and humidity control, produce gorgeous flowers, produce rich fruits and release fresh oxygen; Rainwater and water infiltrated by watering flowers and trees are collected through the pipeline system, and can be used for flushing toilets, raising fish or repeatedly watering plants after treatment; The harvested plant straw and organic matter discharged from life can be used to produce biogas as a second energy source besides solar energy; The residue after biogas production can be dried and used as organic fertilizer for planting plants.
Of course, building such a small ecosystem needs the cooperation of many disciplines such as architecture, materials, energy, machinery, water supply and drainage, environmental science and so on, and solves a series of technical problems, so it needs considerable capital investment in the experimental stage.
At present, ecological architecture has been piloted in many countries. Japan's Misawa Residential Company has developed, designed and built an ecological building-solar residential building, which can meet 85% of the energy demand in the family. The new house has good heat insulation and sealing performance, and the roof is equipped with solar cells, which can be sold to power companies when there is excess solar power.
British scientists have built a new ecological residential area, which is characterized by: the carbon dioxide content in indoor air is greatly reduced by natural ventilation equipment, and Freon air conditioning equipment that destroys the ozone layer is no longer used; The insulation materials used in roofs and walls will not destroy the ozone layer; The hardwood used comes from temperate forests in Europe and Africa and can grow continuously; Do not use substances harmful to human health, such as asbestos and lead paint; Hot water is only supplied when needed, and no water storage tower is needed; Light fluorescent bulbs and high-efficiency non-blinking light sources are used for lighting; There is a special smoking room and so on.
In the vast rural areas of China, the development of ecological housing can be combined with the development of courtyard economy. In addition to planting vegetables, fruits and flowers, the open space in front of and behind the house is equipped with a pool on the roof for cage culture of fish, shrimp and shellfish, and a small lawn can also be planted indoors to cultivate insects such as crickets and slugs. The wall is inlaid with glass water tanks to raise and breed rare ornamental fish, which not only beautifies the living environment, but also provides fresh green food and ornamental animals for the market.
It is reported that adobe bricks are used to build houses in rural areas, and their pollution emissions are only equivalent to 0? 2%。 In the vast towns and villages, soil is the cheapest and most convenient building material, which does not need long-distance transportation and has little pollution. Although its strength is small, it can meet the needs of building ordinary low-rise houses with new technology.
In recent years, the birth of ecological housing indicates that the world construction industry is facing a new revolution. This revolution aims at benefiting ecology, health, energy saving and facilitating work and life, and puts forward new ideas on the design, materials and structure of the construction industry. The attractive prospect of ecological residence inspires architects who are interested in it, and they are making unremitting efforts to realize their ideals.
Although ecological housing may not become the mainstream of housing in the mid-20th century, it will undoubtedly make our urban and rural housing closer to nature and our living culture develop to a high level in the world by absorbing some characteristics of ecological housing during the transition from a small health level to a comfortable level.