Which countries recognize the invented products of radiation protection?

About patent 1. Is the patent system conducive to promoting invention and creation? The characteristic of the patent system is that the state protects inventions by legal means, that is, by granting patents for a certain period of time in exchange for the inventors to disclose their inventions to the society. The patent history of more than 500 years shows that the patent system encourages invention, promotes technological progress and promotes the development of productive forces. Firstly, the patent system can encourage the patentee to actively implement his patented technology; Secondly, the patent system creates more favorable conditions for others to implement patented technology; Thirdly, the patent system is conducive to the introduction of foreign advanced science and technology, but also conducive to China's advanced science and technology to the world, thus promoting the international promotion and application of inventions. Second, what is a design patent? Design refers to the design of industrial products, which is the style of industrial products. It is completely different from the invention or utility model, that is, the design is not a technical solution. Article 2 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of China's Patent Law stipulates: "Appearance design refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial application based on the shape, pattern or combination of products, as well as the combination of color and shape and pattern. It can be seen that the design patent shall meet the following requirements: (1) refers to the design of shape, pattern, color or their combination; (2) It must be the design of product appearance; (3) it must be beautiful; (4) It must be suitable for industrial application. Third, what is a utility model? Which inventions can apply for utility model patents? The term "utility model" as mentioned in the patent law refers to a new practical technical scheme for the shape, structure or combination of products. The difference between utility model and invention lies in: first, utility model is limited to products with a certain shape, and it cannot be a method or a product without a fixed shape; Second, the utility model is not too creative, but it is very practical. The shape of a product refers to the definite spatial shape that the product has and can be observed from the outside. The technical scheme proposed for product shape can be the technical scheme proposed for product three-dimensional shape, such as the improvement of cam shape and cutter shape; It can also be a technical scheme of two-dimensional shape of products, such as the improvement of sectional shape of profiles. The structure of a product refers to the arrangement, organization and interrelation of various components of the product. The product structure can be either a mechanical structure or a circuit structure. Mechanical structure refers to the relative position relationship, connection relationship and necessary mechanical cooperation relationship between components that make up a product, and circuit structure refers to the determined connection relationship between components that make up a product. The composite layer can be considered as the structure of the product, and the carburized layer and oxide layer of the product belong to the composite layer structure. 4. What is an invention patent? Invention as mentioned in the patent law refers to a new technical scheme proposed for a product, method or its improvement. Its characteristics are as follows: firstly, the invention is a new technical scheme. It is a technical scheme to solve various problems in production, scientific research and experiment by using natural laws, and generally consists of several technical features. Secondly, inventions can be divided into product inventions and method inventions. Product inventions include all things created by people, and method inventions include all methods produced by inventions and creations that make use of natural laws. Methods The invention can be divided into manufacturing method and operation method. In addition, the invention protected by the patent law can also be an improvement of existing products or methods. An invention granted a patent right shall be novel, creative and practical. Novelty means that before the filing date, no identical invention or utility model was published in publications at home and abroad, used in China or known to the public in other ways, and no identical invention or utility model was applied to the patent administration department in the State Council by others and recorded in the patent application documents published after the filing date. Creativity means that compared with the prior art before the filing date, the invention has outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress, and the utility model has substantive features and progress. Practicality means that the invention can be manufactured or used and can produce positive effects. 5. What are the main features of patent right? The patent right is the exclusive right granted to the patentee by the patent administrative department of the State Council in accordance with the law and legal procedures. It is an intangible property right. Compared with tangible property, it has the following main characteristics. (1) exclusive. Exclusivity is also called monopoly or exclusivity. Patent right is the exclusive right granted to the applicant or his legal assignee by the competent government department according to the application of the inventor or applicant that his invention meets the conditions stipulated in the patent law. It belongs exclusively to the obligee, and the patentee has the right to possess, use, benefit and dispose of its right object (i.e. invention and creation). (2) timeliness. The so-called temporality of patent right means that the patent right has a certain term, that is, the protection period stipulated by law. The patent laws of various countries have their own regulations on the effective protection period of patent rights, and the starting time for calculating the protection period is also different. Article 42 of China's Patent Law stipulates: "The term of patent right for invention is 20 years, and the term of patent right for utility model and design is 10 years, all of which are counted from the date of application. "(3) it is regional. The so-called regionality is the space limitation of patent right. It means that the patents granted and protected by a country or region are only valid within the scope of that country or region, but have no legal effect on other countries and regions, and their patent rights are not confirmed and protected. If the patentee wishes to enjoy the patent right in other countries, he must file another patent application according to the laws of other countries. No country will recognize the patent rights granted by other countries or international intellectual property agencies unless it joins international treaties and bilateral agreements. 6. How long is the protection period of the patent right? The term of the invention patent right is 20 years, and the term of the utility model patent right and the design patent right is 10 years, both counting from the date of application. 7. Where the application documents intend to apply for a patent for invention, the application documents shall include: the request for a patent for invention, the specification (if the specification has attached drawings, it shall be submitted), the patent claim and the abstract (if necessary, attached drawings) in duplicate. ? For an application for a patent for invention involving amino acid or nucleotide sequence, the specification shall include a sequence list, which shall be submitted as a separate part of the specification, and the page number shall be written continuously with the specification. At the same time, a CD or floppy disk with an ordered list that meets the requirements of China National Intellectual Property Administration shall be submitted. To apply for a patent for utility model, the application documents shall include: the request for a patent for utility model, the specification, the appended drawings of the specification, the patent claim, the abstract and the appended drawings of the abstract in duplicate. To apply for a patent for design, the application documents shall include: a request for a patent for design, pictures or photographs in duplicate. Where color protection is required, color pictures or photographs shall also be submitted in duplicate. If pictures are submitted, two copies shall be pictures; If photos are submitted, two copies are photos, and pictures or photos shall not be mixed. If it is necessary to explain the pictures or photographs, a brief description of the design shall be submitted in duplicate. Eight. Patent Examination and Approval Procedure According to the provisions of the Patent Law, the examination and approval procedure of an application for a patent for invention includes five stages: acceptance, preliminary examination, publication, actual examination and authorization. The application for a patent for utility model or design does not carry out early publication and substantive examination in the examination and approval, but only has three stages: acceptance, preliminary examination and authorization. Nine, the time to obtain a patent certificate Generally speaking, within five days of the patent acceptance notice, you can obtain a six-month design patent certificate, a utility model patent certificate of eight to ten months and an invention patent certificate of eighteen to twenty-four months.