First, the ability of scientific and technological innovation has become a decisive factor in the competition of international comprehensive national strength.
Entering the new century, China has entered a critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. The in-depth development of economic globalization and the new scientific and technological revolution provide important development opportunities. Scientific and technological progress is changing with each passing day, and innovation activities are becoming increasingly global, which is becoming the main driving force for economic and social development. The knowledge content of industries in developed countries is increasing day by day, and knowledge resources are becoming the main source of wealth.
In the past 20 years, China has maintained an average annual growth rate of 9.4%, and the national conditions determine that it must maintain high-speed development in the next 15-20 years. However, constrained by resources, energy, environment and other factors, China's traditional economic growth mode of "high input, high consumption, high pollution and low added value" must be accelerated. Therefore, relying on scientific and technological progress and innovation to support and lead the coordinated development of economy and society, accelerating the adjustment of brokerage institutions with strengthening the ability of independent innovation as the central link, and promoting the transformation of China's economic growth mode from extensive factor-driven to intensive innovation-driven have become the leading strategic thinking of China's economic and social development.
At the same time, the lack of scientific and technological innovation ability in China has become the main contradiction restricting economic and social development. 2 1 century, the focus of scientific and technological competition has been moving forward, and the role of original innovation, key technological innovation and system integration has become increasingly prominent. Original innovation ability has become the core of scientific and technological competition in various countries and the key factor to determine the position of international industrial division of labor and the global economic structure.
Relevant research reports show that in 2004, China ranked only 24th among 49 major countries accounting for 92% of the world GDP. In addition, at present, 86% of global R&D investment and more than 90% of invention patents are in the hands of developed countries. The contribution rate of China's scientific and technological progress to economic growth is only 39%, and its dependence on foreign technology is as high as 50%. Only knowledgeable enterprises have core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and the total number of invention patents in China only accounts for 1.8% of the total number of invention patents in the world. The invention patents authorized by China in the United States only account for 0.2% of the invention patents authorized by non-Americans. In the field of manufacturing technology, the number of patented inventions in China is only 1/30 in the United States and Japan, and 1/40 in South Korea. Under this complicated background, improving the ability of independent innovation is an urgent requirement for China's scientific and technological development, economic and social development and modernization. Two. Implementing the planning outline and building an innovative country in an all-round way
The National Conference on Science and Technology held from June 5th to1October 30th, 2006 became a mobilization meeting for comprehensively implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, deploying and implementing the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020), strengthening independent innovation and building an innovative country, which was a new milestone in China's scientific and technological development. Marked by the successive promulgation and implementation of the planning outline, its supporting policies and implementation rules, "building an innovative country" has formed a relatively complete system in terms of strategic thinking, strategic decision-making, guiding principles and policy deployment, which also marks the basic formation of China's scientific and technological development strategic system.
On the basis of careful analysis of the development situation, characteristics and needs of science and technology economy at home and abroad, the planning outline puts forward the guiding ideology, strategic objectives, key tasks and important policy measures for China's science and technology development in the future.
The guiding principle of "independent innovation, focusing on leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future", 16, is a summary of more than half of China's actual scientific and technological development practice and an important choice for facing the future and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Independent innovation is to strengthen original innovation, integrated innovation, introduction, digestion and absorption, and then innovation from the perspective of enhancing national innovation ability. The key leap is to persist in doing something different, choose key areas with certain foundations and advantages, which are related to the national economy, people's livelihood and national security, concentrate on key breakthroughs, and achieve leap-forward development. Supporting development means starting from the urgent needs of reality, making great efforts to break through key technologies and supporting sustained and coordinated economic and social development. Leading the future means focusing on the long term, deploying cutting-edge technologies and basic research in advance, creating new market demand, cultivating emerging industries and leading future economic and social development.
It is clearly stated in the planning outline that by 2020, the overall goal of China's scientific and technological development is: the ability of independent innovation will be significantly enhanced, and the ability of science and technology to promote economic and social development and safeguard national security will be significantly enhanced, providing strong support for building a well-off society in an all-round way; The comprehensive strength of basic science and cutting-edge technology research has been significantly enhanced, and a number of scientific and technological achievements with great influence in the world have been achieved, which has entered the ranks of innovative countries and laid the foundation for becoming a world science and technology power in the middle of 2 1 century.
Strive to achieve the basic indicators of building an innovative country, that is, the proportion of R&D investment in GDP of the whole society will increase to more than 2.5%, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress will reach more than 60%, and the dependence on technology will be reduced to less than 30%. The number of domestic invention patents granted annually and the number of international scientific papers cited rank among the top five in the world.
In order to effectively achieve the above objectives, the Outline has made four strategic arrangements. First, based on the national conditions and needs of China, the key areas of 1 1 national economic and social development were determined, and 68 priority themes with clear tasks and possible technical breakthroughs in the near future were selected for key arrangement. The second is to implement 16 major projects to achieve leap-forward development and fill the gap. Third, 27 cutting-edge technologies and 18 basic scientific problems in 8 technical fields were arranged, and 4 major scientific research plans were put forward. Fourth, a series of specific policies and measures, such as deepening the reform of science and technology system, perfecting policies and measures, supporting enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation, substantially increasing investment in science and technology, strengthening the construction of innovative talents and promoting the construction of national innovation system, will provide reliable guarantee for China to enter the ranks of innovative countries.
Third, strive to build an innovative country.
Building an innovative country is not only an important strategic choice that China started at the beginning of 2 1 century, but also a huge systematic project that China must speed up its implementation. In order to fully implement the scientific and technological development strategy with the planning outline as the main content system, all departments and regions have taken active actions and taken practical measures, and successively formulated and promulgated supporting policies and specific measures.
On February 26, 2006, the State Council issued the "Implementation"
In order to implement the medium-and long-term science and technology plan, the national "Eleventh Five-Year" science and technology development plan and the national "Twelfth Five-Year" science and technology development plan have been promulgated and implemented one after another.
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Science and Technology establishes the strategic focus of China's scientific and technological development and independent innovation in the next five years, and clearly puts forward that the world ranking of national comprehensive innovation capacity in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan will rise from the current 2 1 to the previous 18, and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress will strive to reach 55%, making substantial progress in building an innovative country. In view of the deep-seated problems faced by the current development of science and technology, the plan puts forward measures from two aspects: institutional mechanism and policy environment. First, deepen the reform of the science and technology system and comprehensively promote the construction of the national innovation system. In-depth implementation of national technological innovation projects and knowledge innovation projects, strengthening macro-management and overall coordination of science and technology, innovating Industry-University-Research combination mechanism, promoting the reform of science and technology plan and research fund management system, and deepening the reform of science and technology evaluation and reward system. The second is to strengthen the formulation and implementation of scientific and technological policies, give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, strengthen the government's service to scientific and technological innovation activities and guide the demand for scientific and technological innovation, and optimize the innovation environment of the whole society.
Since 20 1 1, the Ministry of Science and Technology has successively issued a series of policies and measures, such as the Measures for the Administration of National High-tech Research and Development Plan (863 Plan), the Measures for the Administration of National Science and Technology Support Plan, the Notice on Adjusting the Measures for the Administration of National Science and Technology Plan and Special Funds for Scientific Research in Public Welfare Industries, and the Opinions of the Ministry of Science and Technology on Further Encouraging and Guiding Private Capital to Enter the Field of Scientific and Technological Innovation, so as to improve the scientific and technological plan.