1, physics class
Physical deodorizers deodorize by physical means. By using the physical properties of deodorizers or odors, only the local concentration or relative concentration of odors is changed, but the odor components are not changed. Common are adsorption deodorant, masking deodorant, etc.
① Adsorption deodorant
Adsorption deodorant is a deodorization method, which uses substances with excellent adsorption ability to adsorb malodorous molecules in porous substances through intermolecular van der Waals force. Deodorant has a large specific surface area and a large empty volume, which can usually adsorb and reduce the odor concentration in the air to achieve the purpose of deodorization.
For example, "septic tank deodorant" adopts the latest phosphorus-free formula, which forms huge surface energy on the surface of tiny droplets after atomization. The surface energy can adsorb odor molecules in the air, and the dissolution process of odor gas, that is, the mass transfer process from gas phase to liquid phase, changes the structure of odor molecules and becomes unstable. At this time, the effective molecules in the solution can provide electrons to the odor molecules and react with the odor molecules; At the same time, odor molecules adsorbed on the surface of droplets can also react with oxygen in the air. After the action of this medicine, odor molecules will generate odorless and nontoxic molecules, such as nitrogen and water.
② Masking deodorant
Masking deodorant is to use natural aromatic oils, spices and other substances to mask the stench. Mainly for many difficult-to-remove odors or troublesome deodorizing environments, several gases with gas levels are mixed in proportion to reduce odors.
An odorless odor masking agent with slow release performance prepared by advanced polymer nano-packaging technology. The particle size of its microcapsules is 20-80 nm. Can be well dispersed in aqueous liquid, and will not destroy the formula balance of the liquid after being added; At the same time, due to the specific properties of the product, it has a natural inhibitory effect on the production of fungi and molds. Achieve the good effect of killing two birds with one stone.
2. Chemistry
Chemical deodorizers use oxidation, reductive decomposition, neutralization reaction, addition reaction, condensation reaction, ion exchange reaction and so on. Convert odorous substances into odorless substances, thus eliminating odor.
① Oxidation deodorant
Oxidants such as NaClO and chlorine will oxidize organic sulfur and organic amine in the odor into compounds with light odor or high solubility, and then the compounds will be absorbed and purified by acid and alkali.
② Salt compounds
Salt compounds are used as deodorants, for example, ferrous ions and ascorbic acid inhibit oxidation together and react with malodorous substances such as ammonia and mercaptan to make them odorless; Ligands of trivalent iron derivatives and metal complexes react with thiols or sulfur to convert malodorous substances into odorless substances.
③ Acid-base preparation
Using acidic or alkaline substances as deodorizers, such as non-catalytic gas-solid two-phase reaction between zinc oxide and hydrogen sulfide, can remove hydrogen sulfide gas in the air; Flavonoids, tannins and other wood essential oil components remove malodorous substances through inclusion, neutralization and addition reactions.
3. Microbial types
In order to obtain candidate strains of deodorizing microorganisms, four strains were isolated from landfill leachate, which were named CC3, CC7, CC 13 and CC 16 respectively. Through morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis and 16SrDNA sequence analysis, it was identified as Pediococcus acidophilus, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Alcaligenes faecalis, strain CC7, among which the compound combinations CC 13 and CC 16 had the best deodorization effect, and the compound ratio was1:/kloc-. Its basic principle is the process in which microorganisms absorb malodorous substances in dissolved water into microorganisms themselves and degrade them through microbial metabolic activities. Microbial deodorization can be divided into three stages:
(1) Dissolution process of malodorous gas, that is, from gas phase to liquid phase;
② The malodorous components in aqueous solution are absorbed by microorganisms;
(3) The malodorous components entering microbial cells are decomposed and utilized by microorganisms as nutrients, thereby removing pollutants.
4, plant extract deodorant
Plant extract deodorizer is a widely used, safe and effective method for deodorizing natural plant extracts. The smell of ginger or lemon is a good example in people's daily life. Effective substances in plant extracts can directly react with odor molecules and decompose odor molecules into odorless substances through complex physical and chemical reactions.
The plant extract deodorizer is particularly convenient to use, and the odor can be directly removed by a simple atomizing device without collecting odor gas. At the same time, the plant extract deodorant has the advantage of releasing light plant fragrance. At present, the plant extract deodorizer can be used in various fields that need deodorization, with a wide range of applications.
Second, the types and principles of deodorant
According to different odor producing groups, researchers have developed different types of deodorizing products. From the principle of deodorization, there are mainly the following types of deodorants: physical deodorants, chemical deodorants, microbial deodorants, plant deodorants and compound deodorants.
1, physical deodorizer is the result of deodorizing by physical methods, using the physical properties of deodorizer or odor, without changing the odor components, only changing the local concentration or relative concentration of odor. Common are adsorption deodorant, masking deodorant, etc. Masking deodorization is to mask the smell with some pleasant fragrance, but when the fragrance evaporates, the odor molecules still exist and cannot be completely eliminated; Adsorption deodorization is to use some porous substances such as activated carbon and diatomite to adsorb odor molecules. The disadvantage of this method is that the adsorption is selective.
2. Chemical deodorizers use oxidation, reductive decomposition, neutralization reaction, addition reaction, condensation reaction, ion exchange reaction, etc. Convert odorous substances into odorless substances, thus eliminating odor. Among them, oxidation deodorizer is widely used, but the working environment of this deodorization method is limited, so it is not feasible to use it in a wide range.
3. The basic principle of microbial deodorization is the process of using microorganisms to absorb malodorous substances in dissolved water into microorganisms themselves and degrade them through microbial metabolic activities. Its advantage is good environmental protection, but its disadvantage is that it is difficult to play a role in the odor that has been emitted, and it occupies a large area, has high investment and is troublesome in operation and management.
4. The basic principle of natural deodorization of citrus is to adopt the principle of "double pair" of odor, select high-quality citrus essential oil from Brazil and scientifically allocate various plant essential oils from Britain and other places.