The construction contract of a construction project (hereinafter referred to as the "construction contract") centrally stipulates the basic contractual rights and obligations of the parties to the contract, and is also the main basis for the quality control of the project construction. Strengthening the management of construction contract, especially paying attention to the requirements of engineering quality in construction contract, is of great significance to the quality control of engineering construction.
According to the provisions of the Construction Contract for Construction Projects (Model Text) (GF-20 17-020 1), the quality requirements include not only the engineering quality standards in the general terms and conditions of the contract, but also the special quality standards and requirements in the special terms and conditions of the contract and the agreement on the project reward. Specifically, the engineering quality standard must first meet the requirements of the current national engineering construction quality acceptance specifications and standards, that is, the unified standard for construction quality acceptance of building projects (GB50300); Then, on the basis of qualification, it should also meet the provisions of the construction contract on land saving, energy saving and environmental protection, and hit the municipal, provincial and national excellent construction industry engineering quality awards.
Pay attention to the quality management of engineering projects
The quality control of construction contract involves many factors, and any defect may make the project quality fail to meet the expected standards.
In terms of qualification, whether the contractor has the corresponding qualification to undertake the project is directly related to the quality of the construction project. In the contract review, on the one hand, we should strictly examine the qualifications of construction enterprises and project leaders, on the other hand, we should check the similar performance of enterprises in the past, and check the contracting ability from multiple dimensions to avoid the phenomenon of borrowing qualified construction enterprises to contract projects beyond the qualification level.
In terms of management, staffing of key positions and on-the-job performance are prerequisites to ensure the quality of construction projects and safe production. The construction enterprise shall, according to the actual construction situation of the project, equip key personnel in stages to ensure that the staffing and on-the-job conditions of key personnel, including project leader, project technical leader, builder, safety officer, quality controller and documenter, meet the standards, and evacuate key personnel after obtaining the written consent of the supervisor and the construction unit.
Economically, economic risk sharing and enterprise credit status are important factors affecting the quality of engineering construction. In the contract review stage, we should focus on the risk sharing arrangements between the contracting parties to ensure that the contract fully takes into account the impact of abnormal fluctuations in building materials prices on project implementation during construction; In the stage of contract performance, we should also regularly review the economic status of construction enterprises such as assets and liabilities, external guarantees, financial status such as operating results and cash flow, and credit status such as previous project performance, project rewards and punishments, litigation, etc., so as to dynamically grasp operational risks and financial risks.
In terms of technology, the project quality also requires equipment, materials and construction technology, that is, it conforms to the provisions of national, industrial and local technical standards and norms. In the quality control of materials and equipment supply, we should ensure that suppliers have legal conditions, and the quality inspection indicators and brand specifications of materials and equipment meet the requirements; The contractor also needs to put forward the construction technology, technical requirements and methods according to the time and requirements agreed in the contract, and implement them after being approved by the employer.
Main measures for quality management of excellence-creating projects.
In order to improve the quality of engineering entities, China has set up several awards to encourage outstanding engineering projects that meet the standards, and all provinces and cities have adopted the same approach. Therefore, in addition to the Luban Award for Chinese Architectural Engineering (National Excellent Project) and the Zhan Tianyou Award for Chinese Civil Engineering, the current high-quality and good-price engineering awards also include professional awards such as the National Municipal Jinbei Demonstration Project and the China Steel Structure Gold Award, as well as regional awards such as the Great Wall Cup (Beijing), Magnolia Cup (Shanghai) and Qianjiang Cup (Zhejiang).
Sorting out the major awards, the application project should generally meet the three general conditions of project operation, construction technology and project benefit: in terms of project operation, the project has been completed and accepted for the record, and no quality defects and quality hidden dangers have been found after more than one year of use (the Magnolia Award is a pre-evaluation, that is, the project that has passed the pre-evaluation must pass the test of one winter and one summer before it can be officially recognized); In terms of construction technology, actively adopt new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment, including one domestic (provincial) leading innovative technology or at least six "10 new technologies in construction industry"; In terms of project benefits, the project needs to have industry-leading economic and social benefits.
Among them, construction enterprises, as the key link of creating excellence projects, also play an important role in quality management.
Building a standardized construction site is the premise to ensure the quality of the project. Construction enterprises need to formulate feasible civilized construction schemes according to the quality objectives and quality plans of creating excellence, so as to promote the civilized construction level of clean and tidy construction site, standardized facilities, complete signs and environmental protection standards.
Excellent technology is the basis of ensuring engineering quality. On the one hand, construction enterprises need to actively adopt new technologies, new tools, new materials and new processes to increase their ability to achieve outstanding projects; On the other hand, we can also strengthen technical research and innovate to solve the influencing factors of engineering quality problems.
Perfect quality management system is the guarantee of engineering Excellence. In order to realize the standardized control of engineering quality, construction enterprises must implement process management, with measures in advance, monitoring in the event and inspection afterwards, and establish a multi-level engineering quality supervision and management system for teams, projects departments and companies around the goal of creating excellence. You can also implement a model guidance system and ensure that effective methods to achieve Excellence are practiced by establishing entity models and process models.
At the same time, construction enterprises should pay attention to the regionality of the evaluation threshold and the difference of winning prizes. If different regions have different requirements for the scale of participating projects, Shanghai requires a public building area of 1 10,000 square meters, and Beijing requires a public building area of more than 800 square meters. The Luban Award also requires that the technical indicators, economic benefits and social benefits of industrial transportation and water conservancy projects and municipal garden projects reach the leading level in the industry, and the occupancy rate of residential projects should reach more than 40%.
For construction enterprises, project quality management holds the lifeblood of their survival and development, and is related to their image, reputation and reputation. The construction of high-quality projects will also bring remarkable economic and social benefits. Therefore, construction enterprises should improve the quality management system, implement the goal and responsibility of creating excellence to all project participants, and run quality management and creating excellence management through the whole construction process, so as to provide practical guarantee for the construction quality and use safety.