International domain, the IP address management organization, and ICANN-certified domain name registrars (hereinafter referred to as registrars) can provide secondary domain name registration services under commercial organizations, network service organizations and non-profit organizations. There are more than 120 registrars certified by ICANN in the world, of which only 60 are officially put into operation. Domestic registered domain name (also called national domain name) refers to the domestic domain name in China according to our usual custom, and the domain name ends with. cn。 Such domain names are registered in the distribution book of China Internet Management Center (CNNIC). For example: gov，。 cn，。 edu.cn，。 Com.cn, etc.
Domestic domain names are managed by China Internet Information Center. China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC for short) is a management and service organization established on June 3rd with the approval of the national competent department, and exercises the duties of the national Internet network information center.
Domestic domain names are also called national top-level domains (nTLDs), that is, different suffixes are assigned according to different countries, and these domain names are the domestic top-level domains of that country. More than 200 countries and regions allocate top-level domain names according to ISO3 166 country codes, such as cn in China, us in the United States and jp in Japan. See below for details.
In actual use and function, there is no difference between international domain and domestic domain names, which are unique signs on the Internet. Only in the final management organization, international domain is registered and managed by ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers authorized by the US Department of Commerce; Domestic domain names are registered and managed by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC). Domain name registration should follow the principle of first application first registration. Since domain name is a valuable resource, can it be the object of intellectual property protection? We believe that in the new economic environment, the commercial significance of domain name is far greater than its technical significance, and it has become an important means for enterprises to participate in international market competition under the new scientific and technological conditions. It not only represents the unique position of the enterprise on the network, but also reflects the comprehensive products, service scope, image and goodwill of the enterprise, and is a part of the intangible assets of the enterprise. At the same time, domain name is also a kind of intellectual achievement, a kind of commercial mark with literal meaning, similar to trademarks and trade names, which embodies considerable creativity. In the process of domain name design and selection, some creative work is needed to make the domain name representing one's own company concise and attractive, so that the public can be familiar with and visit it, so as to expand the visibility of enterprises and promote business development. It can be said that the domain name is not a simple logo symbol, but it condenses the goodwill and recognition of the company. The use of domain names has rich connotations for enterprises, far from the simple word "logo". Therefore, both academic circles and practical departments tend to regard domain names as an object of enterprise intellectual property rights. Moreover, from a global perspective, although domain names are not protected as exclusive rights in national legislation, the international domain Harmonized System is formulated through the World Intellectual Property Organization, which shows that people have regarded domain names as a part of intellectual property rights.
Of course, compared with the traditional intellectual property field, domain name is a brand-new object with its own characteristics. For example, the use of domain names is global, without traditional strict geographical restrictions; From the perspective of timeliness, once the domain name is obtained, it can be used permanently without regular renewal; Domain names are absolutely unique on the Internet. Once registered, no one else can register or use the same domain name, so its exclusivity is absolute. In addition, domain names must be registered by legal institutions before they can be used, which is different from traditional objects such as patents and trademarks, and so on. Even so, it is scientific and feasible to regard domain name as the object of intellectual property rights, which is beneficial and harmless to protect the relevant legitimate rights and interests of enterprises on the Internet in practice. Top-level domain names are divided into two categories:
One is the national top-level domain names (nTLDs), which are allocated by more than 200 countries according to ISO3 166 country codes. For example, China is cn, the United States is us, and Japan is jp.
The second is the international top-level domain name (itd), such as. Industrial and commercial enterprise network. Net to network providers. Org is a non-profit organization. Domain name disputes mostly occur under com top-level domain names, because most companies go online for profit. In order to strengthen domain name management and solve the shortage of domain name resources, international organizations such as Internet Society, Internet Address Organization and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have extensively solicited opinions, and on the basis of the original three international top-level domain names: (com), Seven new international top-level domain names have been added: firm (companies), store (sales companies or enterprises), Web (units that highlight WWW activities), arts (units that highlight cultural and recreational activities), rec (units that highlight entertainment and leisure activities), info (units that provide information services) and nom (individuals), and new registration agencies have been selected to accept domain names worldwide. The second-level domain name refers to the domain name under the top-level domain name, and the online name of the domain name registrant under the international top-level domain name, such as ibm, Yahoo, Microsoft, etc. Under the national top-level domain name, it is a symbol indicating the registered enterprise category, such as com, edu, gov, net, etc.
The top-level domain name officially registered and operated by China in the Internet Information Center (Inter NIC) is CN, which is also the first-level domain name of China. Under the top-level domain name, China's second-level domain names are divided into category domain names and administrative domain names. 6 domain names * * *, among which scientific research institutions use AC; Com industrial and commercial financial enterprises; edu； For educational institutions; Gov for government departments; Net; Internet information center and operation center; Org is a non-profit organization. There are 34 administrative domain names, corresponding to provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government of China. The third-level domain name consists of letters (a ~ z, a ~ z, uppercase and lowercase letters, etc. ), numbers (0 ~ 9) and connectors (-). Domain names at all levels use real dots (. ), and the length of the third-level domain name cannot exceed 20 characters. If there is no special reason, it is suggested to use the applicant's English name (or abbreviation) or Chinese phonetic name (or abbreviation) as the third-level domain name to keep the domain name clear and concise.