If you are asking about popular science knowledge (common sense)
Generally speaking, according to the different contents of SiO2 _ 2, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides in glass, it can be divided into: ① timely glass. The content of silicon dioxide is more than 99.5%, which has low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, ultraviolet and infrared light penetration, high melting temperature and high viscosity, and is not easy to form. Widely used in semiconductor, electric light source, optical communication, laser and other technologies and optical instruments. ② High silica glass. The content of silica is about 96%, and its performance is similar to that of timely glass. ③ soda lime glass. It is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, and also contains 65438 05% Na2O and 65438 06% CaO. It is low in cost, easy to be molded, suitable for mass production, and its output accounts for 90% of practical glass. Can produce glass bottles, flat glass, utensils, light bulbs and so on. ④ Lead silicate glass. The main components are SiO2 _ 2 and PbO, which have unique high refractive index, high volume resistance and good wettability with metals. They can be used to make light bulbs, vacuum tube cores, crystal glassware, flint optical glass and so on. Lead glass containing a lot of PbO can block X-rays and γ-rays. ⑤ aluminosilicate glass. It is mainly composed of silica and alumina, and has a high softening deformation temperature. It is used to make discharge bulbs, high-temperature glass thermometers, chemical combustion tubes and glass fibers. ⑥ Borosilicate glass. With SiO2 _ 2 _ 2 and B2O3 as main components, it has good heat resistance and chemical stability, and can be used to make cookware, laboratory instruments, metal sealing glass, etc. Borate glass is mainly composed of B2O3, which has a low melting temperature and can resist sodium vapor corrosion. Borate glass containing rare earth elements is a new type of optical glass with high refractive index and low dispersion. Phosphate glass is mainly composed of P2O5 with low refractive index and small dispersion, which is used in optical instruments.
If pure glass is prepared in the laboratory, the composition is as follows (AR grade):
silicon dioxide
calcium oxide
soda
sodium sulfate
magnesium oxide
aluminium oxide
ferric oxide
I have made pure glass before.
If in doubt, please add questions.