Question 1: Types of scientific research materials What topics can be divided into multiple types from different angles? According to the research function, it can be divided into theoretical research topics, applied research topics and developmental research topics. Theoretical research topics refer to research topics aimed at revealing the essence and laws of educational phenomena and forming or developing educational scientific theories. The applied research topic is to use the general knowledge, principles and principles obtained from basic theoretical research, study the special laws of a local field for a specific practical problem, and put forward more targeted theories and methods than theoretical research, mainly to solve practical problems. Exploratory research project is based on the first two kinds of research, aiming at developing usable teaching products. Educational products include not only tangible products such as textbooks and slides, but also intangible products such as operational education and teaching methods or strategies and procedures for organizing education and teaching. In addition, it can be divided into descriptive topics, causal topics and predictive topics according to the depth of the research, and it can also be divided into bidding topics and self-made topics according to the source of the topics; According to different research objects, it can be divided into education topics, management topics, teaching topics, teaching science and technology topics, etc. (1) According to the research fields, it can be divided into basic theoretical research and applied research. (1) Basic theoretical research Basic theoretical research is to prompt the essence of educational phenomena, clarify the objective laws of education, and summarize the basic educational theoretical principles, development and perfect theories of education. Through the objective law of education, we can find new facts, discover new theories and re-evaluate the original theories. It answers the question of "why", which is highly abstract, systematic in theory, long-term in benefit and connected in research. For example, the research on the essence of education, the teleology of education, the law of teaching process, and the evaluation of education aims at establishing modern educational science theory with China characteristics. (2) Applied research It is a scientific experiment and technical research aimed at a specific practical application goal. The applied research of education has practical application value, which is to transform the basic theoretical knowledge of educational science into educational skills, educational methods, educational means and educational programs. Combine educational theory with educational practice to achieve a specific and predetermined goal. This kind of research is to answer the question of "what is it", directly solve the practical problems in education management and education reform, and is the key link of integrating theory with practice. Its research feature is to make the basic theoretical research results concrete and practical. At present, most educational research is applied research. For example, the research on the reform of school management system, the investigation and countermeasures of primary and secondary school students' brain drain, the mental health of primary and secondary school students, the modernization of teachers, the transformation of weak schools, and the development of teenagers' potential. (2) According to the size of the research scope, it can be divided into macro-research, meso-research and micro-research. It includes two aspects: one is the relationship between education and the outside, such as education and political economy, education and social development, education and population; Second, the research with comprehensive problems in education, such as the development of education, education policy, education structure, education management, education investment, etc. Second, the meso-research field is between macro-research and micro-research, which is the research of educational science in a range, a field, a front and a department. For example: early childhood education research, primary education research, vocational education research, adult education research, rural education research, normal education research, special education research, audio-visual education research and so on. (3) Micro-research is a specific and detailed study of a single factor in education. This kind of research is based on the reality of education and teaching, and is often aimed at a certain problem, such as the study of moral education in schools, the study of Chinese teaching methods, the study of learning disabilities of poor students, etc. (3) According to the level of research, it can be divided into explanatory research, comprehensive research and creative research. (1) Interpretative research Interpretative research is a simple research, which narrates and explains educational phenomena and existing educational laws and theories through their own understanding and verification. Explanatory research is a low-level research, which is a general narrative of various educational theories, and more is to explain other people's arguments. Although explanatory research is a simple research, it is essential in scientific research. It can ask questions directionally, reveal disadvantages, describe phenomena and introduce experiences, which is conducive to popularizing work. In educational and scientific research activities, there are various investigations on revealing problems; There is a description of practical problems; Have views on some current situations, etc ..... > >
question 2: what is the nature of the topic? It refers to the problem to be studied and solved, so the background of the topic refers to the circumstances or conditions under which the problem was generated, the significance of the topic research, and so on. Topics include: municipal topics, provincial topics, national topics, etc.
the nature of the project is what kind of problem the scientific research project belongs to. There are three classifications:
1. According to the research process, there are theoretical research, applied research and development research.
2. According to research methods, scientific research topics include experimental research, investigation and observation research.
3. According to the risk of researchers, there are two types of research: exploratory research and development research.
question 3: what kind of topic is it? a: original topic b: rolling development topic c: achievement promotion topic
O(∩_∩)O~ hehe.
question 4: what are the specific forms of achievements of scientific research projects 1. Papers and monographs 2. New product prototypes 3. New technologies 4. Field paper with technical parameters, etc. 8. Basic software 9. Application software 1. Other < P > Question 5: What are the types of research topics that can be divided into two categories from the general direction:
(1) Basic research; For example, the National Key Basic Research Development Plan (973 Plan)
(2) Applied research; Such as the national support plan
for reference.
question 6: what are the subject types of QC team of quality management system?
question 7: what do you mean by various types of papers related to the topic? If necessary, you can create according to your ideas.