Domestic sewage is the main source of pollution to the water environment near cities and towns. Every town is faced with the considerable burden of domestic sewage treatment and the shortage of water resources. Under this situation, the technology of on-site treatment and resource utilization of domestic sewage has quietly emerged and has become a hot spot and is well received by users.
Underground domestic sewage purification device
Since the operation of the first test device, the "underground non-powered domestic sewage purification device" has been installed in more than 40 countries in more than a dozen provinces across the country. More than 10,000 buildings were built in each city. The purification device is small in size, requires few consumables, and is underground. The top can be covered with soil and planted with turf to beautify the environment; roads can also be paved to facilitate transportation. It can be widely used in domestic sewage treatment in urban and rural office buildings, residential quarters, hotels, schools and other types of buildings. The purification device mainly uses the patented "upflow anaerobic biological filter". After tracking and testing, it has reached the domestic sewage discharge standards in various places. The "underground non-powered domestic sewage purification device" first hydrolyzes organic matter with a macromolecular structure that is not easily degraded into small molecules and soluble compounds during the anaerobic precipitation and digestion stage, making it easier to be degraded by microorganisms. Anaerobic biological filtration is then carried out, relying on the self-developed filter material and diversion system, so that the organic matter after acidification and hydrolysis is continuously retained in the biological filter and degraded by facultative bacteria on the filter material, which can not only effectively remove the organic matter containing Carbon organic matter, and has a certain removal effect on ammonia nitrogen. The advanced diversion system and scientific filter material pre-treatment method make the filter material less likely to be blocked and do not require replacement, backflushing and regeneration.
The so-called "no power" means that the natural momentum of domestic sewage discharge is used to drive the sewage through the treatment process, without the need for electric devices such as water pumps.
Ecological and energy-saving septic tanks
Septic tanks have been used to treat fecal sewage for more than a hundred years. Initially, the septic tank was used as a fecal interception facility to avoid pipe blockage. It played a positive role in intercepting and precipitating large impurities in sewage, preventing sewage pipe blockage, reducing pipe burial depth, and protecting the environment. It has continued to do so. It is still widely used today.
However, due to many problems in design, construction, use, management, etc., the indicators of septic tank effluent far exceed the national emission standards: the stench is overwhelming when cleaning, and it is easy to Biogas poisoning accidents occurred; the construction of septic tanks did not meet the design requirements, and smelly ponds formed at the water outlets; some septic tanks leaked seriously, contaminating groundwater; sludge accumulated at the bottom of the tank, and the effective volume of the septic tank was gradually reduced. Lose its processing function, etc. Therefore, relevant technical personnel have been working tirelessly to transform septic tanks, such as transforming ordinary septic tanks into five-compartment anaerobic digesters, combined high-efficiency biological septic tanks, and nationally patented "ecological public toilets". Ecological and energy-saving septic tanks have also emerged.
Integrating ecological engineering technology into the septic tank function is to further adopt ecological restoration technology on the basis of the transformed septic tank to achieve harmless discharge of fecal sewage. Ecological restoration technologies include phytoremediation, animal remediation and microbial remediation. Phytoremediation requires the selection of different ecological plants for water bodies with different pollution conditions, such as aquatic vegetables, water hyacinths, duckweed, purple-backed duckweed, water lilies, water onions, water peanuts, broad-leaf cattails, etc. This technology has low cost, little environmental disturbance, high environmental beautification value, can maintain long-term stability of water bodies, and is conducive to the improvement of the ecological environment and the reproduction of other organisms. As an important mechanism for maintaining and reconstructing the structural and functional stability of aquatic plant communities, the restoration of aquatic animal communities is an important part of water ecosystem restoration, including restoration technologies for perifauna, benthic animals and fish. People can see aquatic animals while viewing plants, which is a reflection of the social benefits of ecological restoration. Microbial remediation is currently the most important wastewater treatment method. Not only can it directly decompose pollutants (even poisons), but it also has a significant effect on the prevention and control of other harmful organisms in the water body (such as harmful algae). By establishing aquatic plants-aquatic animals-microbial organisms, the environmental benefits of ecological restoration can be fully utilized and reflected.
Ecological sewage treatment technology
Ecological sewage treatment technology has been identified as a new construction technology and new product promotion and application project of the National Center for Housing and Living Environment Engineering, and a national demonstration project for healthy living. Select parts and products. This technology draws on the principle of self-purification of natural water bodies and adds artificial enhancement technology. Its core is to put in specially cultivated bacterial strains to create a balanced natural ecological environment in the system. There is high biodiversity within the system, and the system operation also has high stability.
There is such a sewage treatment system in the Ministry of Construction and it is running well.
This technology performs tertiary treatment of sewage. The first stage is mainly used to settle larger suspended particles in the sewage discharged from the septic tank, remove odors, and primary degrade organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The second level is to use various organisms to oxidize pollutants in the ecological barrel, so that organic matter, ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the water are gradually degraded and finally removed. The third level is to remove fine suspended solids and perform disinfection.
Before disinfection, an ecological wetland treatment system can be added, which can not only further purify the sewage, but also plant some flowers and plants to increase the ornamental value of the system. The wetland treatment system absorbs the advantages of natural soil active treatment and plant absorption and decomposition, and uses the comprehensive effects of physics, chemistry and biology to remove organic pollutants and inorganic nutrients in sewage, ultimately realizing wastewater resource utilization. Its effluent can meet surface water quality standards and can be directly discharged into drinking water sources or landscape water to provide clean water supplements for these water bodies.
It is foreseeable that the scattered buildings and small towns that have rapidly developed in the periphery and interstitial areas of many major cities in our country are inconvenient to build large-scale sewage treatment plants, providing a broader development stage for these technologies.
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