First of all, I want to ask you, do you know all the top ten parts of speech in English? If you don’t know, first understand the ten major parts of speech, because when analyzing sentence components and sentence patterns, you need to know which words can serve as components of the sentence, such as verbs serving as predicates, adjectives generally serving as attributives, etc. Below are some that I personally found online. Take a look. I hope it will be helpful to you. You are a senior in high school, so come on! ! ! ! !
Five basic sentence patterns
Sentence components:
Subject. The subject is composed of a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun. In active sentences, it means "who" or "what" does the action; in passive sentences, it means "who" or "what" is affected by the action.
You worry too much at times.
A year is divided into 12 different starsigns.
2. Predicate (predicate), the predicate mainly includes verbs and descriptions components other than the subject.
You like me.
Predicative, a predicative is an adjective, phrase or noun phrase that follows a linking verb.
You are strong.
The music sounds beautiful.
Object:
Direct object, direct The object is served by a noun or pronoun. It refers to the person or thing directly affected by the predicate.
You enjoy life. / You have many friends.
Indirect object refers to a person (thing) or a group of people (things) that the predicate does not directly do< /p>
She is showing me an article.
He bought his friends nice gifts.
Object complement (object complement), object complement can make adjectives and nouns A phrase or noun that illustrates or describes the object of a sentence.
We call her Xi Wang. / This problem made me unhappy.
Attributive (attribute), the attributive is played by a noun phrase and an adjective phrase, placed before the noun and modifying it .
I was reading the school newspaper.
You are a hard-working person.
Adverbial (adverbial), adverbial consists of an adverbial phrase, a prepositional phrase or a noun phrase to act as. It gives us more information, such as how, when, and where the action occurred.
You do not give up easily.
You are selfish at times.
Five basic sentence patterns:
1. S +V, subject (language) + predicate (language),
Among the ten major parts of speech, there is only one part of speech: verb, which means that only verbs have the "patent" to be used as predicates. So we often connect "predicate" and "verb" together and call it "predicate verb". Although the subject is the "top spot", the predicate is the most important component of a sentence. A sentence can lack a subject, but the predicate is indispensable.
What are transitive verbs and intransitive verbs is also a question often asked by students. For understanding of these two "stuff", let's take a look at how the grammar monograph explains it. : Some verbs are often followed directly by a noun or pronoun used as an object.
Grammatically, these verbs become "transitive verbs". Some verbs are usually not followed directly by an object, and these verbs become "intransitive verbs".
For example: I likeEnglish. The like is transitive Verb, why do you say that? Because it is directly followed by the object English. If it is not followed by English, the meaning of the sentence will be incomplete. It seems that the sentence is not finished, so the transitive verb must be followed by an object.
He often swims in the river (He often swims in the river), where swims is an intransitive verb. Why? It should be because there is no object after it. The meaning of the sentence about him swimming has been expressed very clearly and completely. There is no need to add an object. Why do you want to swim? There is something to say, then in the river is not the object here, NO! It is not the object here, because it cannot be the object of "swimming", so what can it be? In fact, in the river is an adverbial here, and it is an adverbial that expresses place. I have another question, what is an adverbial?
2.S+V+P, main series structure
The linking verbs in this sentence pattern can generally be divided into the following two categories:
A . Linking verb expressing state. These words are: be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, etc. Such as:
8) We should __________ __________ any time. We should remain humble at any time.
9) This food tastes terrible. __________________________________________________.
B. Coupling verb expressing transformation or result. These words include: become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove, etc. Such as:
10) Springcomes. It is getting warmer and warmer. Spring is here, and the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
11) Don't havethe food. _______________________________.
Don't eat that food, it has gone bad.
12) The fact__________ ___________. This fact turns out to be correct.
3.S+V+O, subject + predicate + object
This sentence pattern is composed of three parts, subject, predicate, and object. It should be noted that a verb followed by a noun or pronoun as an object is applicable to all transitive verbs, but not all transitive verbs can be followed by a verb infinitive or a gerund. There are three situations here:
First, some verbs can only be followed by infinitives,
Second, some verbs can only be followed by gerunds,
Third, some verbs can be followed by both.
The secret of memorizing the usage of these words is as follows:
Tip one: The following verbs can only be followed by gerunds, in one sentence Words to remember:
"megafeps" (don't eat moldy coffee)
mind, miss, enjoy, give up, admit (admit), avoid (avoid), finish (finish), escape (escape), practice (exercise), suggest (suggestion)
Secret 2: The following verbs can only be followed by infinitives , one sentence to remember:
“If you want to do it, agree to do it. If you are willing or not, decide to do it as much as possible.
”
A. Request, want, hope (want, wish, hope, expect, intend,)
B. Agree (agree, promise) C. Will (care, refuse) )
D. Determine, attempt (determine, decide, offer, attempt, try, manage)
Exercise:
1. Determine whether the following sentences have a subject-predicate structure Still a subject-verb-object structure
1. He arrived yesterday. 2. The boy iscrying loudly.
3. She died in 2000. 4. The man disappeared in the street.
p>5. I like music. 6. She wanted some help
7. I slept well last night. 8. Ibuilt a house last year.
9. I bought a computer in the street
yesterday 10. Tom often swims
in the river
11. My sister works in that factory. 12. The sun is rising.
4.S+V+O1+O2, subject + predicate + object (somebody) + object (something)
This sentence pattern has more than the above sentence pattern Object, there are already two objects after the predicate, so it is inevitable that the predicate verb is a transitive verb. These two objects put together are called double objects (direct object + direct object),
For example< /p>
Lend me your dictionary, please.
If you still don’t know what a double object is, write down the following sentence: give me a book. One person and one thing are double objects. .To put it more clearly, the "double" here means two. The key to this sentence pattern is to remember which verbs should be followed by double objects, because not all transitive verbs can be followed by objects, only a few verbs. The predicate verb in this sentence pattern is followed by two objects: the former object is called an "indirect object", which is mostly acted by a pronoun or a noun; the latter object is called a "direct object", which is often acted by a noun. This type of sentence pattern often means "give someone something", "give someone something", "leave someone something", etc. (The core meaning of all verbs that can take double objects contains the word "give".
Common predicate verbs of this type are:
bring (bring someone...), bring somebody something
tell (tell someone...), tell somebody something
send (give to someone...), send somebody something
leave (leave to someone...), leave somebody something
pass (pass to someone ...), pass somebody something
read(read somebody...), read somebody something
write(write somebody...), write somebody something
take (give someone something...), take somebody something
show (show someone...), show somebody something
teach (teach someone ...), teach somebody something
get (get somebody...), get somebody something
lend (lend somebody...), lend somebody something
p>buy (buy someone...), buy somebody something
pay (pay someone...), pay somebody something
hand (hand to someone) person...), hand somebody something
For example:
She brought me a shirt. She brought me a shirt.
Pass him the dictionary, please. Please pass the dictionary to him.
I lent him my bicycle. I lent him my bicycle.
5. S+V+O+C, subject + predicate + object + object complement
This sentence pattern is also called subject + predicate + compound object in some grammar books , the compound object here = object + object complement, and a new "Dondong" is added here: object complement.
Speaking of object complements, let’s start with the three sentence patterns you are familiar with in junior high school
ask somebody to do something (invite someone to do something)
tell somebody to do something (tell someone to do something)
want somebody to do something (ask someone to do something)
Let’s look at these three Examples of sentence patterns:
1. I asked him to have dinner.
Predicate object object complement
2.
He told me
to clean the room.
Predicate object object complement
3. Tom wanted me to meet him.
Predicate object object complement
Let’s look at the first sentence. I invited him to dinner. He (him) is the object of the invitation. If there is no to have dinner after it, the meaning of the sentence is incomplete. , I invited him, what do I do? I didn’t make it clear, so I used to have dinner to help clarify that it is for eating. The word to have dinner here is the object complement, which is the infinitive phrase of the verb as the object complement.
(Are you wondering what an infinitive phrase is? As we all know, to do is a verb infinitive, but if the verb in the infinitive has an object or the verb in the infinitive has an adverb To modify, the infinitive of the verb becomes an infinitive phrase. For example, to do something is an infinitive phrase. In other words: here to have (verb infinitive) to have dinner (verb infinitive phrase). : to run is the infinitive of the verb and to runfast is the infinitive phrase of the verb).
In fact, there are many things that can be used as object complements. We only study a few common ones here: doing \verb infinitive without to\prepositional phrase\adjective and so on.
1. I saw a thief stealing something. (I saw a thief stealing something)
2. He made me gohome (He asked me to go home)
3. Her mother kept her in the room. (Her mother kept her in the room)
The key to this sentence pattern is to remember what kind of object complement follows those verbs. For example: we can say ask somebody to do something (to do something object complement), but we cannot say ask somebody doing something. In other words, is it the object complement of the infinitive of the verb or the doing object complement is the "patent" of some verbs? "right" is inviolable.
Now I will try to help you remember what kind of object complement follows the verb:
First of all, which verbs are followed by the verb infinitive with to (the verb infinitive can be It is divided into two types: the infinitive of the verb with to and the infinitive without to. The infinitive without to is actually the original form of the verb) as object complement.
Mainly include: order somebody to do something
want somebody to do something
tell somebody to do something
invite somebody to do something
ask somebody to do something
beg somebody to do something
We can remember these words according to the strength of the tone: command>request> tell>invite>request>beg
In addition, there are
advise somebody to do something, allow
somebody to do something
warn somebody to do something, teach somebody to do something