The Motive Force of Innovative Thinking
Strong problem consciousness is the driving force of thinking, which can prompt people to find and solve problems until they make innovations. Einstein said, "Asking a question is often more important than solving a problem, because solving a problem may be just a scientific experimental skill. Putting forward new problems, new possibilities, and looking at old problems from a new perspective require creative imagination, marking the real progress of science. " Bacon also said, "If you start with affirmation, you will end with a question, and if you start with an indirect topic, you will end with affirmation." Balzac said: "There is no doubt that all the keys to science are a question mark." Many psychologists even believe that many important scientific advances and inventions are not so much the contributions of problem solvers as those of problem seekers. For example, more than 2000 years ago, the great poet Qu Yuan put forward a famous "Tian Wen" in the face of the sky. He asked about heaven and earth, human relations, vicissitudes of life, and the changes of the four seasons. These questions later became the subject for scientists and philosophers to think about in postgraduate entrance examination. Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty wrote an article entitled "Heaven is Right" to answer them. Today, with the development of science, we can answer Qu Yuan's question more accurately than Liu Zongyuan did then, but Tian Wen's thinking has gone far beyond the question itself.
Hilbert, a famous mathematician, is also a good questioner. 1900 At the Second International Congress of Mathematicians, he gave a report entitled "Problems in Mathematics" and put forward 23 main problems in the field of mathematics at that time. These problems were later called "Hilbert problems". Their appearance strongly promoted the development of mathematics. To this end, Hilbert concluded: "As long as a branch of science can raise a large number of questions, it is full of vitality, and the lack of questions indicates the decline or suspension of independent development."
Therefore, the problem is the starting point of thinking and the driving force of innovative thinking. Aristotle once said, "Thinking begins with doubt and surprise." Think when you have questions. Only by thinking can we solve problems and innovate. Our teachers should take cultivating students' strong problem consciousness as an important content of innovative education, and our students should dare to be unconventional and ask questions boldly, so as to enhance their innovative thinking ability.
Innovation strategy 2
Most innovative solutions can be formulated with the following five strategies:
1. Migration strategy: Borrow other people's good ideas and methods, and combine your own original resources to form new ideas.
Movable type printing was first invented in ancient China. However, due to the huge number of Chinese characters, this printing method could not be put into use on a large scale, which led to the failure of movable type printing technology to blossom and bear fruit in China at that time.
But in Europe, it is different. Their language is 26 letters at most, which makes movable type printing technology like a duck to water, and its popularization is very fast, and a very bright flower of innovation is in full bloom. This is the effect of hybridization. It can be said that all innovations are essentially hybrids.
2. Addition strategy: two or more existing single product elements are combined to form a new product.
In the early 1970s, both X-ray technology and computer technology were mature. Hausfield, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, combined these two technologies and invented the CT scanner.
3. Subtraction strategy: Remove one element from the product and let the remaining elements become new products. But please think about it, the deleted part should be an essential part of the product, but it is not the most core and irrelevant function, so that the subtraction strategy can exert its greatest power.
For example, if the wire of wired headphones is removed, there will be wireless headphones; Reduce the number of blog posts from unlimited words to 140 words, and there will be Weibo; Motorola removed the keyboard of the mobile phone and a mobile phone without a keyboard appeared.
4. Multiplication strategy: copy a part of the product and then re-integrate it into the product.
P&G put two perfume boxes with different flavors in a bottle of air freshener, and put deodorant and freshener in a bottle, which can be used alternately, and its sales volume is almost twice that of other air fresheners. Similar examples are "three-way light bulb", multi-front shaver and so on.
5. Segmentation strategy: it refers to dividing a certain part of a product into multiple parts and then recombining them in a new way.
Boxed milk consists of paper boxes, milk, spices with different tastes and straws. If the spices in milk are combined with straws, you can drink chocolate-flavored milk, strawberry-flavored milk and Laoganma-flavored milk with different straws. At present, foreign merchants do this, and people call this kind of straw "magic straw".
In the past, people only printed boarding passes during check-in, but later this part of the function was gradually separated, and self-help check-in appeared; The ATM of the bank also comes from the same principle.
Definition of innovative thinking 3
Some people define it as: a high-level ideological and psychological activity that reflects the essential attributes of things and the organic connection between inside and outside, and has a novel generalization model.
Others define innovative thinking as: innovative thinking refers to the thinking process of solving problems in a novel and unique way. Through this kind of thinking, we can not only reveal the essence of objective things and their internal relations, but also produce novel, unique and obvious social significance thinking results.
There is another saying: innovative thinking refers to a novel thinking process and its function that can solve a specific need (purpose).
No matter how many arguments there are, the essence of innovative thinking is the same. Innovative thinking is the core of human creativity, the highest form of thinking, and the most active, active and fruitful thinking form in human thinking activities. The progress and development of human society cannot be separated from the growth and development of knowledge, which is the result of innovative thinking. Therefore, innovative thinking can better reflect people's subjective initiative than other thinking forms mentioned above.
Innovative thinking can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. It is generally believed that in the process of raising and solving problems, all thinking activities that contribute to innovative achievements can be regarded as innovative thinking in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, innovative thinking refers to innovative thinking activities directly formed by people in innovative activities, such as inspiration, intuition, epiphany and other illogical thinking forms.
There are many different expressions about the meaning of innovative thinking. For example, Zhang Jialong, researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences, doctoral supervisor and secretary general of Chinese Logic Society, believes that innovative thinking is a kind of thinking that people consciously and actively combine practical and pioneering achievements. In innovative thinking, logical thinking and illogical thinking are intertwined. Logical thinking can discover new truths, which has been proved by countless scientific examples. In the process of innovative thinking, people will also use illogical thinking, and inspiration is a kind of illogical thinking. Everyone can have innovative thinking, but it needs to be developed. Huang Haosen, special researcher director of Nanjing Jinling Institute of Thinking and Institute of Innovative Thinking of Rhoda University, believes that creativity depends on thinking ability, imagination and observation, which together form creative thinking, that is, human intelligence.
For anyone, innovative thinking can be trained, and the only difference lies in the effectiveness achieved through training. College students can enhance their innovative thinking ability through persistent cultivation and training. Training and not training are very different. Many famous scientists have had wonderful expositions on innovative thinking. Einstein pointed out: "the highest mission of physicists is to get those universal basic laws ... these laws have no logical path;" These laws can only be obtained through intuition based on the understanding of experience. " He also said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes the pace, and is the source of knowledge evolution. Strictly speaking, imagination is a real factor in scientific research. " Planck has a similar view. He said, "Every hypothesis is a product of imagination, and imagination works through intuition." . Professor Gordon of Massachusetts Institute of Technology thinks: "Since the invention is not to clarify the relationship between known things, but to discover the unknown relationship between things, it is necessary to rely on non-inferential factors to connect seemingly unrelated things."
The research on the law of innovative thinking began in the early 20th century. Previous invention and innovation activities mainly relied on spontaneous intuition and experience, and it was mysterious to think that the person who made the invention was a genius or a lucky one. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, due to the demand of industrialization and the accelerated development of science and technology, a large number of inventions and innovations appeared, and the experience of inventors gradually precipitated and exchanged. 1906, Patent examiners Prindl published a paper "The Art of Invention" at the meeting of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), which started the research on innovative thinking and methods. Since then, the research work in this field has been increasing. In the 1950s, a creative education movement was formed, which was popular in Europe and America. Among them, hundreds of creative techniques are summarized. On this basis, Germany, Japan, the former Soviet Union and the United States have successively introduced different forms of system invention methods since the 1970s. In China, this research began in the 1980s. Although innovative thinking is inseparable from logical thinking, it also needs to use the thinking mode of concept, judgment and reasoning, but it does not logically deduce assumptions, concepts and theories step by step from empirical materials, but directly grasps the thinking process of things by leaps and bounds through unique thinking forms such as visualization, imagination and intuition. It is based on experience and suddenly surpasses it. It's an epiphany, it's an intuitive thinking.