According to statistics, China generates more than 400 million tons of domestic waste every year. If construction waste is included, this number will exceed 3 billion tons. Construction waste is the general term for the slag, spoil, waste materials, silt and other waste generated during the construction, reconstruction, expansion and demolition of buildings. It is currently the largest and most concentrated solid waste discharged by a single type in cities in my country.
In the construction waste management system, promoting the reduction of construction waste has always been an important part. After the revised "Solid Waste Law" required the government to formulate a work plan for the prevention and control of construction waste (environmental pollution) including source reduction, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development quickly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Construction Waste Reduction" (hereinafter referred to as " "Opinions") put forward the short-term work goal of "by the end of 2020, the working mechanism for construction waste reduction in various regions will be initially established", and formulated the "Construction Waste at Construction Sites" around the construction site, the main battlefield for construction waste reduction work. Reduction Guidance Manual (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Manual").
Based on the experience of construction waste management pilot work since 2018, the new policy focuses on both inventory management and incremental control, aiming to effectively reduce construction waste emissions throughout the life cycle of the project.
1. Management of construction waste stock
Currently, the stock of construction waste in our country has reached more than 20 billion tons, and construction waste is "besieging cities", "piling mountains", and "filling rivers" and other phenomena Intensifying. Consumption and management of the existing construction waste that occupies public land and affects the urban environment is a top priority for construction waste reduction.
Consumption management means ensuring that construction waste is dumped to designated places instead of dumped, thrown or piled in other places. Correspondingly, the "Manual" stipulates regulations from the construction site: construction waste should be transported to construction waste disposal sites or consumption sites that meet the requirements. In view of the status of consumption and management infrastructure, the revised Solid Waste Law also requires the government to do a good job in the layout and construction of consumption facilities and sites. In addition, local policies have also set flexible requirements based on local conditions. For example, the "Opinions of the General Office of the People's Government of Hunan Province on Strengthening the Management of Urban Construction Waste and Promoting Resource Utilization" clearly states: Existing muck piles in urban areas and urban-rural fringe areas cannot be cleared in the short term. , all localities should carry out greening on the basis of safety reinforcement and terrain consolidation.
While accelerating the consumption and management of construction waste, establishing and improving a construction waste development and reuse system is also one of the ways to manage the inventory. Construction waste is not "useless". Many of the wastes can be reused as renewable resources after sorting, rejecting or crushing. For example, bricks and tiles can be reused, and waste bricks and broken tiles can be used as recycled aggregates.
In order to improve the resource utilization rate of construction waste, the "Opinions" clarify: Construction units should make full use of remaining materials such as concrete, steel bars, formwork, perlite insulation materials, etc., and on the premise of meeting quality requirements, according to Actual needs are processed into various engineering materials and recycled. In fact, construction units can directly achieve on-site reduction by rationally utilizing construction waste during terrain preparation, engineering pad filling and other aspects. Of course, the "Opinions" also stipulates that construction sites that do not have the conditions for on-site utilization require them to be promptly transferred to construction waste disposal sites for resource disposal and reuse in accordance with regulations.
2. Construction waste incremental control
In order to reduce the generation of construction waste, the "Opinions" require all participating entities to actively carry out green planning, implement green design, and promote green construction. Control the increase in construction waste throughout the entire project construction cycle.
Green planning is to promote the normalization of incremental control of construction waste in the project composition and overall vision. From the perspective of construction methods, the application of construction methods such as green buildings, prefabricated buildings, and full decoration delivery can reduce the generation of construction waste at the construction site, and is also the only way to modernize the construction industry; from the perspective of construction materials, renewable and recyclable Green building materials and construction turnover tools can improve the efficiency of building material utilization and are a long-term choice for reducing construction waste. In addition, in order to reduce the waste of construction materials and the generation of construction waste caused by rework due to construction quality, "mistakes, omissions, defects, etc.", the "Opinions" also encourage construction units to promote the use of technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) in engineering design and construction. Apply and innovate organizational models to strengthen in-depth collaboration between design and construction.
Green design provides a systematic basis for incremental control of construction waste in engineering design.
On the one hand, the "Opinions" require the design unit to promote the standardization of functional modules and component components, and avoid or reduce the generation of construction waste during the construction process through unification, serialization, generalization, combination, and modularization of details; on the other hand, Design units are required to deepen the design to ensure that the design depth meets construction needs and reduce design changes during the construction process.
Green construction means to implement the incremental control of construction waste during the construction process. In order to implement the responsibilities of all parties to reduce construction waste, the "Opinions" require construction units to reduce construction waste at the source (source reduction measures include design deepening, construction organization optimization, permanent and temporary integration, temporary facilities and turnover materials reuse, construction process Control, etc.), take corresponding measures in terms of classified collection and storage, on-site disposal, emission control, etc.; we also guide all participating entities to adopt advanced technologies, processes, equipment and management measures, and apply technical power to achieve construction waste reduction. Among them, focusing on the "Opinions" proposed to "encourage the detailed classification of construction waste oriented towards end disposal", the "Manual" also formulated detailed rules for the classification, collection and storage of construction waste at construction sites, which will also contribute to the resource utilization of construction waste. and help with waste sorting. In addition, the "Manual" also deploys the preparation of special plans for construction waste reduction at construction sites, source reduction, on-site disposal, emission control and other dimensions.
Stock management and incremental control must go hand in hand to reduce construction waste and promote green construction and the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. On this basis, the construction waste management system should also be improved: by implementing construction waste reduction throughout the entire cycle of construction waste collection, transportation, resource utilization and disposal management, my country's construction waste management capabilities can be improved as a whole, and the construction industry can also It will make due contributions to saving resources and protecting the environment.