1990: Friedman, Kendall (USA) and Richard edward tylor (Canada) first proved the existence of quarks through experiments.
199 1 year: PierreGillardJenner (France) extended the method of studying order phenomena in simple systems to more complex forms of substances, especially liquid crystals and polymers.
1992: schapac (France) invented and developed a multiline proportional chamber for high energy physics.
1993: The pulsar discovered by Herrs and j.h.taylor (USA) indirectly confirmed the existence of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein.
1994: brockhouse (Canada) and schall (USA) developed neutron diffraction technology in the study of condensed matter.
1995: Pell (USA) discovered tau lepton; Ryan (USA) discovers neutrinos.
1996: D.M. Lee, Osheroff, R·c· Richardson (USA) found that helium isotope flows frictionless at low temperature.
1997: Steven Chu of America and Tennessee of France invented the method of laser cooling and trapping atoms.
1998: Rockling, HorstLudwigSteimer and Cui Qi (USA) discovered and studied the fractional quantum Hall effect of electrons.
1999: H. Hoft and Weltmann (Netherlands) expounded the quantum structure of weak-current interaction.
In 2000, alfirov (Russia) and cromer (Germany) put forward the theory of heterostructure, and developed fast transistors and laser diodes with heterostructure. Jackkirby (USA) invented the integrated circuit.
200 1 year: kotler (Germany), cornell and karle.weiman (USA) made achievements in "Bose-Einstein condensed state of dilute alkali metal atomic gas" and "Study on early basic properties of condensed state".
2002: RaymondDavies, RicardoGiaconi (USA) and ShoichiOzawa (Japan) "acknowledge their pioneering contributions to astrophysics, including their achievements in" detecting cosmic neutrinos "and" discovering cosmic X-ray sources ".
2003: AlexeiAbrikosov, AnthonyLeggett (USA) and VitalyJinzburg (Russia) "commend their pioneering contributions in the field of superconductors and superfluids."
2004: DavidGross (USA), DavidPulitzer (USA) and FrankVilzek (USA) admit that they are "asymptotically free to discover quarks in the quantum field".
2005: RoyGlauber (USA)' s contribution to optical coherent quantum theory; John's contribution. Hall (USA) and teodor Hensch (Germany) contributed to the development of laser precision spectroscopy.
2006: John Mather (United States) and goerge smoot (United States) admit to discovering the black body shape and the disturbance of cosmic microwave background radiation.
2007: French scientist AlbertFaire and German scientist PeteKrunberg appreciate their contribution to the discovery of giant magnetoresistance effect.
2008: Japanese scientist NambuYoichiro praises the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism he discovered in subatomic physics. Japanese physicists Kobayashi and Zengchuan put forward the physical mechanism of symmetry destruction and successfully predicted that there are at least three kinds of quarks in nature.
2009: Gao Kun, a British Chinese physicist, won the "Pioneering Achievement of Optical Transmission in the Field of Optical Communication" award; American physicists Willard S Boyle and George E smith won this honor for "inventing a CCD image sensor for imaging semiconductor circuits and winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 20 10".
20 10: Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists from Manchester University, won the prize in the pioneering experiment of two-dimensional space material graphene.
Two: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
1990, josephe.murray (USA), E. DonnallThomas (USA), Research on Human Organ and Cell Transplantation.
199 1 year, erwin-neher of Germany and bert-sakmann of Germany discovered the function of ion channels on the cell membrane.
Edmonds, 1992. Fischer (USA) and Edwin. Krebs (USA) studied reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulation mechanism.
At 1993, RichardJ J. Roberts (USA) and Filipa. Sharp (USA) discovered the mitotic gene.
At 1994, AlfredG. Gilman (USA) and MartinRodbell (USA) discovered the role of G protein (a GTP transporter) in cell signal transduction.
1995, Edward B Lewis (USA), Christian nüssleinvolhard (Germany) and Eric fwieschaus (USA) discovered the genetic regulation mechanism of early embryo development.
At 1996, PeterC. Dougherty (Australia) and Rolm. Zinkernagel (Switzerland) discovered the immunoprotective properties of cell culture medium.
From 65438 to 0997, StanleyB discovered a new prion protein, a pathogenic factor in protein. Prusiner (USA).
1998, Fauchergott (USA), Luis Luigennaro (USA) and Fred Murad (USA) discovered the signal transduction function of nitric oxide in cardiac blood vessels.
1999, gunterblobel (USA) discovered that protein has intrinsic signal substances, which can control its transmission to specific locations in cells.
In 2000, arvidcarlsson (Sweden), paulgreengard (USA) and ericr.kandel (USA) studied the signal transmission in the nervous system.
200 1, leland. Hartwell (USA), R. Timothy Hunt (UK) and nurse Paul M. (UK) discovered the key regulatory factors of cell cycle.
In 2002, sydneybrenner (UK), H. Robert Horvitz (USA) and johne.sulston (UK) discovered the genetic regulation mechanism of organ development and programmed cell death (programmed cell apoptosis).
In 2003, Paul Lauterper (USA) and peter Mansfield (UK) studied magnetic resonance imaging.
In 2004, richard axel (USA) and linda buck (USA) studied the sense of smell.
In 2005, Barridge. Marshall (Australia) and J. Robin Warren (Australia) discovered Helicobacter pylori and its pathogenic mechanism on peptic ulcer.
In 2006, andrewfall and craigmello discovered the mechanism of rna interference.
In 2007, American scientists mario capecchi and oliver smith, British scientist Martin Evans. The three scientists won the prize for "a series of breakthrough discoveries involving embryonic stem cells and mammalian DNA recombination". These discoveries gave birth to a powerful technology called "gene targeting". The international team achieved genetic changes in mice by using embryonic stem cells.
In 2008, German scientist HaraldChulHausen won an award for discovering cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus. Two French scientists, Franois Barsinossi and Luc Montagner, won prizes for discovering human immunodeficiency virus.
In 2009, Elizabeth H. Blackburn of San Francisco University in California, Carol W. Gidar of Johns Hopkins Medical College in Baltimore and Jack W. szostak of Harvard Medical College won prizes for discovering the mechanism of telomere and telomerase protecting chromosomes. Elizabeth Blanchbone is from the University of San Francisco, California. She was born in Australia, 1948. Carol greider of Johns Hopkins Medical College in Baltimore was born in 196 1. In addition, Jack Szostak is from Howard Hugh robert edwards Medical College. He was born in London on 1952.
In 20 10, British physiologist robertedwards won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 20 10 for in vitro fertilization research. He was born in London on 1952.