In the Chinese community, there is such a legend. The Soviets relied on their own strength to successfully establish an industrialized country. However, anyone who knows a little bit of basic common sense knows that any systematic thing must have a "master". Martial arts requires reliable martial arts guidance; painting requires reliable art teachers; industry also needs supporting engineering guidance. . We opened the dusty historical archives and watched the Soviets build their own industrial empire step by step. Where did the Soviet Union’s industrialization originate? Many people who don’t know the truth think that the Soviet Union was like China in the old era. "Nothing." However, industrial data tells us that Russia was by no means poor before World War I. On the contrary, Russia was one of the top five industrial powers in the world at that time. It is true that Russia could not compare with established powers such as Britain, France, and Germany. , let alone the emerging United States, but looking at the world, there are only a handful of countries that can stand shoulder to shoulder with Russia. Of course, World War I and the Civil War greatly damaged the Russian industry, but this is not the whole truth. Russia can achieve such achievements. Minister Stolypin has a direct relationship. During Stolypin's tenure as prime minister, he initiated far-sighted land reforms, hoping to promote Russia's economic and political stability by improving the legal status and economic conditions of farmers. Under the reforms during Prime Minister Ping's tenure, Russia's grain production increased, the new rich peasant class became the middle class, and the educated population increased. Russians believed that his greatness was still greater than Stalin's. The main purpose of Stolypin's land reform was land reform. Privatization transfers land from landlords or nobles to peasants. Under the former village communal system, peasants lacked enthusiasm for agricultural production because they did not produce on their own land and more than half of the fruits of their labor had to be transferred to others. Farmers can only be enthusiastic about production and willing to invest in land when they know for sure that the fruits of their labor will belong to them. Under the old land system, the distribution of labor fruits does not help reward diligence and punish laziness, because no matter laziness or hard work. Those who are willing to work will have the same distribution results. Competing with each other and offsetting enthusiasm will inevitably result in a decline in overall productivity and a decline in farmers' living standards. Russia needs farmers to become rich, because the country's well-being also depends on the prosperity of its citizens. "It should be noted that the prosperity of the people creates the prosperity of the country." Under the reforms during the administration of Prime Minister Nicholas II of the Russian Empire, the following achievements were achieved: Grain harvest increased by 30%. By 1913, agriculture. The output value increased by 2, and the growth rate ranked first in the world; the industrial output value increased by 5, and the growth rate ranked first in the world; the population growth rate was 1.5, and the growth rate ranked first in Europe; the gross national income was 16.4 billion rubles, the growth rate ranked first in the world Fourth in the world; GNP of 6.521 billion rubles, fifth in growth rate. Stolypin Statue in Kiev Although most of these achievements were destroyed by World War I and Civil War, industry can. Destroyed, the trained engineers and technical workers are still there; agriculture can be destroyed, but the production organization may not be able to achieve future achievements in Soviet Russia. Investment from capitalism Lenin has a famous saying. : " "The capitalists will sell us the rope with which to hang themselves. "This statement is perfectly suitable to describe the economic model of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s. The process of the Soviet Union introducing advanced technology and equipment and absorbing foreign investment in the 1920s and 1930s can be roughly divided into two stages, namely the period of national economic recovery (1921 -1926) and the period of technological transformation of industry and the national economy (1927-1937). Of course, the Soviets would certainly not publicize this openly. After the end of the civil war in 1921, the Soviet party and government implemented a strategic shift in the focus of work. During the transition from wartime communism to the New Economic Policy, one of the important contents of the New Economic Policy was to implement the policy of opening up to the outside world and strengthen economic ties with capitalist countries. During this period, the main focus was on absorbing foreign investment and introducing advanced technology and equipment. Adopt concession system, Soviet-foreign joint ventures, international loans and recruitment of foreign technical personnel.
The resolution of the Tenth Congress of the Soviet Union pointed out: "The concession system itself is a form of economic contract between the socialist Communist Party and the capitalist countries that are more industrially developed than it. "In November 1920, the Soviet Union promulgated a concession system decree. From 1921 to 1926, the Soviet Union signed 144 concession contracts with capitalists, and one year later the number of concession enterprises reached 73. As of 1927, the Soviet Union ** Obtained 16.11 million rubles from concession enterprises. Through the concession system, the Soviet Union successfully obtained a considerable amount of income, so it was able to introduce a large amount of equipment, technology, and talents from Western society in 1927. It was God's favor that the capitalist world encountered a financial crisis that was once in a century. Overheating of production caused a large number of employees to lose their jobs, and a large number of equipment was abandoned because there was no profit. The Soviet Union cleverly seized this opportunity. Purchase these surplus products and talents in large quantities. The Great Depression will not starve Americans to death, but it will make them unemployed. In 1929, the Central Bureau of Foreign Consultation was established under the Supreme Council of National Economics of the Soviet Union, which was responsible for leading the introduction and development of foreign technological forces. By the end of 1929, the Soviet Union had signed more than 70 technical assistance and consulting agreements with foreign countries, involving many important economic sectors such as machinery, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, and transportation. By the beginning of 1931, the number of projects in which the Soviet Union had received technical assistance had increased to 124. The total investment amounted to 83 million rubles. The Great Depression was a nightmare for the West, but it was a blessing for the Soviet Union. According to export reports, the Soviets purchased the largest amount of industrial equipment in the world. ""Bao Yuan". From 1928 to 1931, the Soviets purchased Western 67.1 cutting machine tools, 52.6 turbines, and 69 tractors. These equipment played a vital role in the industrialization stage of the Soviet Union. As we all know, power generation is an important factor in industry Important indicators. Generators imported from the West account for 89% of Soviet engines. In addition, steam engines also account for 87% of Soviet power engines. While the Soviets are proud of their own construction, they may have forgotten that the entire production line is from the West. However, the military industry that the Soviets and Soviet fans are proud of has also been "activated" by foreign capital. The Soviet Union has also signed technical assistance agreements with companies from the United States, Britain, Germany, Italy and other countries in military industrial sectors such as aircraft, warships, and submarines. For example, since the early 1930s, more than 20 companies in the United States have provided designs, equipment, patents, or sent engineers to the Soviet Union to help the Soviet Union manufacture aircraft engines, bombers, fighter jets, and commercial transport aircraft. It was at the forefront of the world at the beginning. The Soviets' military construction was largely completed in cooperation with the West. It is worth mentioning that Germany and the United States, the two major enemies in the future, were the largest investors in the Soviet Union at this time. During the plan, a large number of modern key enterprises were established in the Soviet Union, almost all of which were completed with the help of the West. The three major steel plants in the Soviet Union, namely, the Magnitogorsk Steel Plant, the Kuznetsk Steel Plant and the The Zaporizhia Steel Plant was built with assistance from the United States and the United States. The three major automobile plants in the Soviet Union were updated with Western equipment with the help of Western experts. Most of the four major tractor factories are new factories built with the aid of Germany and other countries. The famous Stalingrad Tractor Factory was built with the help of nearly 80 factories in the United States. The largest power station in the 1930s, the Dnieper Power Station, and other large power stations were built with the help of equipment provided by Britain, Germany and the United States. Stalin praised this highly: ""About two-thirds of the large industrial enterprises in the Soviet Union were built or assisted by the United States. "No one expected that the earliest masters would become later enemies. However, capitalists are not philanthropists. Their efforts also need to be rewarded. This price has brought the Soviet Union an eternal infamy and added many variables to today's situation in Eastern Europe. At what cost? So heavy? We will find out next time!