1. Application of genetic engineering
Gene therapy
With the continuous deepening of human research on genes, it has been discovered that many diseases are due to changes in gene structure and function. caused by. Scientists will not only be able to discover defective genes, but also master how to diagnose, repair, treat and prevent genes. This is the forefront of biotechnology development. This achievement will bring immeasurable benefits to human health and life.
The so-called gene therapy refers to the use of genetic engineering techniques to transfer normal genes into the cells of disease patients to replace diseased genes to express the missing products, or to turn off or reduce abnormal expression. Genes and other ways to achieve the purpose of treating certain genetic diseases. Currently, more than 6,500 genetic diseases have been discovered, of which about 3,000 are caused by single gene defects. Therefore, genetic diseases are the main targets of gene therapy.
The first gene therapy was performed in the United States in 1990. At that time, two little girls aged 4 and 9 suffered from severe combined immunodeficiency due to a lack of adenosine deaminase in their bodies. Scientists performed gene therapy on them and achieved success. This pioneering work marks the transition of gene therapy from experimental research to clinical trials. In 1991, my country's first clinical trial of gene therapy for hemophilia B was also successful.
The latest development in gene therapy is the upcoming use of gene gun technology in gene therapy. The method is to introduce specific DNA into the muscle, liver, spleen, intestine and skin of mice using improved gene gun technology to achieve successful expression. This success indicates that in the future, people may use gene guns to deliver drugs to specific parts of the human body to replace traditional vaccinations, and use gene gun technology to treat genetic diseases.
Currently, scientists are studying fetal gene therapy. If the current experimental efficacy is further confirmed, it may be possible to expand fetal gene therapy to other genetic diseases to prevent the birth of newborns with genetic diseases, thereby fundamentally improving the health of future generations.
Research on genetically engineered drugs
Genetically engineered drugs are expression products of recombinant DNA. Broadly speaking, anything that involves genetic engineering in the production process of drugs can become genetically engineered drugs. Research in this area has very attractive prospects.
The focus of genetic engineering drug research and development is shifting from protein drugs, such as molecular proteins such as insulin, human growth hormone, erythropoietin, etc., to the search for smaller molecule protein drugs. This is because protein molecules are generally relatively large and cannot easily pass through cell membranes, thus affecting their pharmacological effects. Small molecule drugs have obvious advantages in this regard. On the other hand, the treatment ideas for diseases have also broadened, from simple medication to the use of genetic engineering technology or the gene itself as a treatment method.
Now, there is another issue that needs everyone's attention, that is, many infectious diseases that were conquered in the past have come back because bacteria have developed drug resistance. The most noteworthy of these is tuberculosis. According to the World Health Organization, there is now a global tuberculosis crisis. Tuberculosis, which was about to be eliminated, has resurgence, and multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis has emerged. According to statistics, 1.722 billion people around the world are infected with tuberculosis bacteria, there are 9 million new tuberculosis patients every year, and about 3 million people die from tuberculosis, which is equivalent to one person dying from tuberculosis every 10 seconds. . Scientists also pointed out that in the coming period, hundreds of people infected with bacterial diseases will have no cure, and at the same time, viral diseases are becoming increasingly common and difficult to prevent. However, at the same time, scientists have also explored ways to deal with it. They have found some small-molecule antimicrobial peptides in humans, insects and plant seeds. Their molecular weight is less than 4,000, with only more than 30 amino acids, and they have strong broad-spectrum effects. The activity of killing pathogenic microorganisms can produce a strong killing effect on pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, germs, and fungi, and may become a new generation of "super antibiotics." In addition to using it to develop new antibiotics, these small molecule peptides can also be used in agriculture to breed new varieties of disease-resistant crops.
Accelerate the cultivation of new crop varieties
Scientists have made significant progress in using genetic engineering technology to improve crops, and a new green revolution is just around the corner.
A distinctive feature of this new green revolution is the convergence of the biotechnology, agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries.
In the 1950s and 1960s, due to the promotion of hybrid varieties, increased use of chemical fertilizers, and expansion of irrigated areas, crop yields doubled. This is what everyone calls the "green revolution." However, some researchers believe that these methods are currently difficult to further significantly increase crop yields.
Breakthroughs in genetic technology have allowed scientists to improve crops in ways that traditional breeders could not imagine. For example, genetic technology could allow crops to release pesticides on their own, allow crops to be grown on dry or saline soil, or produce more nutritious food. Scientists are also developing crops that could produce vaccines and foods that can protect against disease.
Genetic technology has also greatly shortened the time for developing new varieties of crops. Using traditional breeding methods, it takes seven or eight years to develop a new plant variety. Genetic engineering technology allows researchers to inject any gene into a plant to create a brand new crop variety. The time is shortened by half.
Although the first genetically engineered crop varieties only became available five years ago, half of the corn, soybeans and cotton grown in the United States this year will use genetically engineered seeds. It is estimated that in the next five years, the market size of genetically engineered agricultural products and foods in the United States will expand from US$4 billion this year to US$20 billion, and will reach US$75 billion in 20 years. Some experts predict that "by the beginning of the next century, it is likely that every food in the United States will contain some genetic engineering ingredients."
Although many people, especially consumers in European countries, are still concerned about There are doubts about genetically modified agricultural products, but experts point out that it is imperative to use genetic engineering to improve crops. This is primarily due to increasing pressure on the global population. Experts estimate that in the next 40 years, the global population will increase by half compared to the current level. To this end, food production will need to increase by 75%. In addition, the aging of the population is placing increasing pressure on the medical system, making it necessary to develop foods that can enhance human health.
Accelerating the cultivation of new crop varieties is also a common goal of developing biotechnology in third world developing countries. The research and application of agricultural biotechnology in my country has been widely carried out and has achieved significant benefits.
Research on Molecular Evolution Engineering
Molecular evolution engineering is the third generation of genetic engineering after protein engineering. It simulates the biological evolution process in nature by exerting selective pressure on a multi-molecule system based on nucleic acids in a test tube to achieve the purpose of creating new genes and new proteins.
This requires three steps, namely amplification, mutation, and selection. Amplification is to obtain a large number of copies of the extracted genetic information DNA fragment molecules; mutation is to exert pressure on the genetic level to cause the bases on the DNA fragment to mutate. This mutation provides raw materials for selection and evolution; selection is the expression of At the type level, variation is fixed through the survival of the fittest and elimination of the unfit. These three processes are closely linked and indispensable.
Now, scientists have applied this method and obtained DNA molecules that can inhibit thrombin activity through directed evolution in test tubes. This type of DNA has anticoagulant effects and may replace the protein that dissolves thrombus. Drugs to treat myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and other diseases.
Achievements in genetic research in my country
Scientific research aimed at deciphering all the genetic information of the human genome is one of the cutting-edge topics currently being tackled by the international biomedical community. According to reports, the most interesting aspect of this research is the clonal isolation and identification of genes related to human diseases and genes with important biological functions, so as to obtain the possibility of gene therapy for related diseases and the right to produce biological products.
The human genome project is an important part of the national "863" high-tech plan. In medicine, human genes are related to human diseases. Once the specific relationship between a certain gene and a certain disease is clarified, people can create genetic drugs for the disease, which will have a huge impact on human health and longevity. According to reports, the total number of human genetic samples is about 100,000, and about 8,000 have been found and sequenced.
In recent years, my country has paid great attention to human genome research. With funding from the National Natural Science Foundation, the "863 Project" and local governments, it has established advanced research centers in Beijing and Shanghai. A national genetic research center with scientific research conditions. At the same time, scientific and technological personnel keep up with the development of new technologies in the world and have made breakthrough progress in the key technologies of genetic engineering research and the industrialization of results. Our country's human genome research has become one of the world's most advanced, and some genetically engineered drugs have also begun to enter the application stage.
At present, my country has achieved some results in basic research on protein gene mutation research, gene therapy for blood diseases, esophageal cancer research, molecular evolution theory, and structural research on leukemia-related genes. At the international leading level, some have formed their own technical systems. More than ten genetically engineered drugs, including hepatitis B vaccine, recombinant alpha interferon, recombinant human erythropoietin, and drug producers for transgenic animals, have all entered the industrialization stage.
Gene technology: dilemma and duality
It is not surprising that genetic crops have caused controversy in public opinion circles. However, on both sides of the Atlantic in the developed world, the completely different treatment of genetically modified technology is an intriguing phenomenon. When 40% of the farmland in the United States is planted with genetically modified crops and consumers mostly buy genetically modified foods calmly, why do such foods encounter waves of opposition in Europe?
Looking at the direct social background, it is understandable that "GMO phobia" is currently prevalent in Europe. From the discovery of mad cow disease in the United Kingdom in 1986 to the discovery this year of carcinogenic dioxins in contaminated chickens in Belgium and Coca-Cola causing hemolytic disease in children in France, Europeans are quite concerned about food safety. The assumption that genetically modified foods may harm human health has become a conditioned reflex. They are afraid of hearing it.
At the same time, Europe has always adopted a more sensitive and even radical attitude towards environmental and ecological protection issues than the United States. This is another reason why the situation of genetically modified foods in Europe and the United States is different. On the one hand, the media in various European countries have become increasingly aware of environmental protection, and they often pursue and even exaggerate issues that may harm the environment and ecology. This largely affects the public's attitude towards issues such as genetic modification. On the other hand, the "environmentalist forces" represented by the "Green Party" have risen in the European political arena in recent years, and their power in governments and parliaments has continued to expand, exerting increasing influence on the decision-making process.
However, there seems to be a more hidden but important underlying reason why Europeans adopt such a repulsive attitude towards genetically modified technology. In fact, on the issue of genetically modified genes, there are not only differences in values ??between Europe and the United States, but also a dispute over economic interests. Unlike ordinary commodities, genetically modified technology has a unique monopoly. Technically, American "life science" companies generally use bioengineering to make their products self-protective. The most prominent of these is the "terminator gene", which causes seeds to self-destruct and cannot be replanted like traditional crop seeds. Another technology is that the seeds must go through some kind of "chemical catalysis" that is only controlled by the seed companies in order to develop and grow. Legally, genetically modified crop seeds are generally provided through a special leasing system, and consumers are not allowed to keep and replant them themselves. The United States is the largest investor in costly genetic engineering research, and American companies engaged in the development of genetically modified technology are familiar with using intellectual property and patent protection laws to seek huge returns. The United States is currently believed to have controlled a sizeable share of the genetically modified product market, allowing it to manipulate market prices. Therefore, resisting genetically modified technology is actually resisting the U.S. monopoly in this field.
Biotechnology is playing an increasingly important role in many fields: genetically engineered products are pervasive in the agricultural field, and genetically engineered crops have begun to occupy an important position in American agriculture; biotechnology has made significant progress in the medical field, Some genetically engineered drugs have replaced conventional drugs, and the medical community has benefited from genetic research in several ways; advances in cloning technology have provided unprecedented opportunities to save endangered species and explore treatments for a variety of human diseases. Now researchers are preparing to push biotechnology into more challenging areas. But voices wary of the behavior of geneticists have been gaining traction recently.
Today, hundreds of genetic substrates can be studied simultaneously with the help of so-called DNA slices.
Gene research has reached such a high level of development that a few years later, with the completion of the analysis of human genetic material, people began to focus all means on systematically studying the advantages and disadvantages of other parts of human genetic material. But advances in biology also have a negative side: they can easily provide new genetic grounds for racism. Critics of new genetics like to paint a scary picture: endless testing. , manipulation and cloning, emotionless soldiers, genetically perfect factory workers... The genetic code allows genetic researchers to penetrate deep into people's hearts and provides them with the tools to manipulate life. However, whether they can lead to good research in genetics is completely unpredictable.
2. First, take out the nucleus of Dolly’s biological mother, then take out the egg cell of another ewe (with the nucleus removed), put the nucleus of Dolly’s biological mother into the taken egg cell, and conduct electric shock or other treatments. Keep the egg cell in an activated state, and then put the egg cell into the body of the ewe that gave birth to Dolly.
Proves that the animal cell nucleus is totipotent.
Cloning is an English word The transliteration of clone, clone comes from the Greek word klon, which originally means seedlings or twigs. Plants are cultivated through asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction, such as stem cutting and grafting.
Today, cloning refers to the asexual reproduction of organisms through somatic cells, and a population composed of offspring individuals with identical genotypes formed by asexual reproduction. Cloning can also be understood as copying, which is to produce the same copy from the prototype. Its appearance and genetics are exactly the same as the prototype.
In February 1997, news of the birth of "Dolly" the sheep was revealed, which immediately attracted worldwide attention. This cloned sheep was bred by British biologists through cloning technology, which meant that humans could use animals to A single somatic cell produced a life form that was exactly the same as this animal, breaking the eternal laws of nature.
The word clone is transliterated from clone. Before the transliteration appeared, there was a free translation name - asexual reproduction system, which refers to a group of cells obtained by mitosis of a single cell or the same ancestor. organic group.
We can obtain a cell clone through cell culture. In microbial experiments, by pouring the flat plate, we can get colonies one by one. These colonies are actually clones of bacteria. It can be seen that clone is originally a noun, referring to a group of cells or a group of individuals. With the development of molecular biology, operations such as nuclear transplantation and genetic engineering have emerged. The nuclear transfer operation can obtain reconstructed cells, and the reconstructed cells can be propagated into a clone; the genetic engineering operation can splice a selected gene into the replicon of the plasmid, and as the replicon replicates, the clone of the DNA molecule can also be obtained. Tie. Therefore, some people call this type of operation cloning, that is, converting the word clone from a noun to a verb, and calling nuclear transplantation nuclear cloning, and the clones of DNA molecules obtained through genetic engineering are called molecular cloning. clone). Cloning here is an operation to achieve asexual reproduction, which is a microscopic operation or molecular biology operation, rather than asexual reproduction (or asexual reproduction operation) in the general sense. This may be why the term cloning survives and is not replaced by asexual reproduction.
Dolly the sheep, also known as cloned sheep, is actually a sheep produced using nuclear cloning technology. Some people say that only Dolly the sheep is the real cloned sheep. Other reports, such as cloned pigs, cloned cows, etc., are not true because they are developed from embryonic cells, and embryonic cells are produced through sexual reproduction. clone on. This is a misunderstanding caused by an inaccurate grasp of the time of the sexual process. The sexual process ends when the fertilized egg, that is, the zygote, is formed. Once the zygote division begins, it has nothing to do with the sexual process. If the divided embryonic cells are produced by sexual reproduction, then somatic cells are also produced by sexual reproduction. But in fact they are all gradually produced from the zygote through mitosis. That is to say, sexual reproduction is actually achieved through one sexual process and many asexual processes, and finally produces a living offspring. Taking a cell from an embryo to develop it into an individual is obviously asexual reproduction.
Therefore, in this sense, Du Lishu is the founder of cloning technology (cell cloning technology). His experiment of separating cells at the two blastomere stages and allowing them to develop into two sea urchins was the earliest cloning experiment. Human identical twins are produced by cloning of natural cells. As for cloned pigs and cloned cows, if they are bred through nuclear transplantation, regardless of whether the nuclear donor cells are from early embryonic cells or differentiated cells, they are all cloning technologies in the true sense, and they are much higher than Du Lishu's level. Many cloning technologies.
By the way, because the part of speech cannot be seen from the morphology of Chinese words, the word "cell cloning" can be regarded as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, cell clone refers to a cloned line of cells. As a verb, it corresponds to nuclear cloning and molecular cloning, which refers to using cells to reproduce asexually. In order to distinguish it from the former, the author suggests that this meaning can be expressed by "cell cloning" or "cell cloning technology". Using cell cloning technology, cells can be cloned into a asexually reproduced cell population, such as the clones obtained in cell culture; the cloned cells can also be differentiated and developed into a asexually reproduced individual, such as the sea urchin obtained by Du Lishu. Some researchers have obtained cloned pigs, cloned cows, etc.
The difference between Dolly the sheep and other cloned animals is not asexual reproduction, but the degree of differentiation of the donor cells. Early embryonic cells are basically undifferentiated cells, and even the differentiated cells of the mature embryo are much less differentiated than the specialized cells of adult individuals. Being able to clone specialized cells into a living individual is a major breakthrough in theory. This shows that even if the genetic structure of specialized cells changes, the changes are not irreversible, at least when specializing to mammary epithelial cells. As for whether the specialization of nerve cells and brain cells is irreversible, nuclear transplantation can also be used to test it. However, it can be expected that cloning nerve cells will definitely be more difficult than mammary epithelial cells.
At this point you will definitely understand why cloning is not a synonym for replication. When it comes to copying, we are most familiar with using a copy machine to copy documents. The copy obtained by copying is exactly the same as the original. This is what happens when DNA is replicated, so replication is a very precise term for the synthesis of DNA. Cloning is a process. The cloned individual still needs to undergo embryonic and postnatal development. There is an age difference between the cloned individual and the original. Since the development process is dominated by genes and regulated by the environment, although the clone and the original have the same genes, the environment will never be the same. Therefore, the clone and the original cannot be exactly the same as the copy and the original. Furthermore, if the cloned individual is produced by nuclear transplantation, then since the cytoplasm of the reconstructed cells does not come from the original, and we know that there are genetic materials in the cytoplasm, they will inevitably have an impact on the individual, so the cloned individual cannot be regarded as a It is a copy of the original.
Clone individuals can be regarded as the regeneration of the original, but not the resurrection of the original. Because: i. The cloned individual and the original can exist at the same time, ii. Although the cloned individual and the original are sisters (brothers) in terms of genetic structure, they are parent-child in terms of age. Organisms that reproduce asexually still have the concept of "generation", and cloned individuals should also have the concept of "generation". Moreover, the boundaries between generations of cloned individuals are also easy to draw. The cloned individual produced from the original somatic cells is the first generation. After the cloned individual becomes an adult and is cloned again from its somatic cells, the second generation cloned individual can be obtained. In theory, just as asexual reproduction can be passed down from generation to generation, the number of generations of cloned individuals is endless. However, cloning is not a natural reproduction, but a human operation. It is doubtful whether it is necessary to clone from generation to generation. If it didn't make theoretical or practical sense, probably no one would be willing to do the work of multi-generation cloning.
3. "Human Genome Project" and its significance
The scientific purpose of the Human Genome Project and the specific goals of "timing, quantification, and quality" are to determine the 30 elements that make up the human genome. The sequence of billions of nucleotides will lay the foundation for elucidating the structure and function of the human genome and all genes, interpreting all human genetic information, and laying the foundation for uncovering the mysteries of the human body. Due to the consistency of living matter and the continuity of biological evolution, as well as the versatility of the strategies and technologies established by the "Human Genome Project", this means laying the foundation for uncovering the ultimate mystery of life.
The guiding significance of the Human Genome Project to life science research and the development of the bio-industry can be summarized in terms of scale, serialization, informatization and industrialization, medicalization, and human culture.
1. Scale
The new discipline "genomics" was born with the launch of the "Human Genome Project" and developed with the progress of the Human Genome Project Get up. For the first time, biologists can understand and study the genes of all and multiple species (through comparative genomics) in one species on the scale of the entire genome, instead of everyone discovering and studying their "favorite" genes one by one. This is one of the main differences that distinguishes genomics from genetics and all other biological sciences involving genes. Changes in research scale have brought about changes in laboratories and experimental methods. At the same time, new requirements have been put forward for the quality of leading scientists, the team spirit of staff, and the "semi-scientific, semi-enterprise" management unique to very large laboratories. Require. This is one of the reasons why the "Human Genome Project" has only 6 official member states and 16 centers. It is also the basis for the contribution share of the "Human Genome Project" to become a comprehensive response to a country's national strength and a symbol of life sciences and bio-industry.
2. Serialization
The serialization of biological information is an epoch-making milestone for life sciences to enter the 21st century, and it is also a stage sign of the maturity of life sciences. Only quantitative (quantitative) subjects can be called science. Mendel's contribution was mainly to bring "factors" and quantification into this discipline that existed before and had great achievements.
The serialization of biological information, that is, life science, is based on sequence. This is the most important feature that distinguishes the life sciences of the new era from the previous biology. With the final completion of the human genome sequence map, the discovery of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms, or sequence differences), as well as comparative genomics, ancient DNA, the "Food Genome Project", "Pathogen and Environmental Genome Project" (mainly With the advancement of human susceptibility-related sequences that are the source of fatal pathogens, genome sequence diagrams of major species with scientific, economic, and medical significance will be released. We have already gained more information from the sequences than have been accumulated in all biological research to date. For the first time, life science has become a science that is oriented rather than hypothesis- and concept-oriented. Even evolution, the most essential feature of life, and the study of evolution, which is the only study that cannot be repeated in the laboratory due to time and past circumstances, will be based on multiple models and the genome sequences of other organisms. Conduct quantitative research. The study of ancient DNA will reveal the mystery of the evolution of life and the connection between ancient and modern creatures. This helps people better understand the relationship between humans in the biological world.
3. Informatization
The success of the Human Genome Project relied on bioinformatics and the network that made the earth smaller. Without them, coordination of the International Human Genome Project and timely publication worldwide would not be possible. Without all the software and hardware, nothing about the Human Genome Project would be possible. Once a sequence is read, its quality control, assembly, submission, and analysis all depend on bioinformatics. From now on, the meaning of the sequence is completely determined by bioinformatics. Without computer analysis and comparison of the exploding information, what is the use of sequences? However, informatization has changed the entire life sciences and the way experimental subjects exist. Today's biological experiments may involve analyzing sequence information.
The reason why the Human Genome Project is eye-catching is first of all because of people’s needs for health. Human pursuit of health is one of the most important activities of human beings. Disease is naturally the primary factor affecting health, and it is an issue that every person, every parent, every family, and every national government has to consider.
4. Medicalization
The Human Genome Project has medicalized its results and has benefited mankind in medicine. The Human Genome Project has lived up to the support and high expectations of the democratic public. The sequences provided by the established "working framework map" have been studied through biological information processing and other technologies, and nearly 40,000 genes have been identified; dozens of "disease alleles" directly related to diseases have been cloned. . More than 40 kinds of gene products, such as human insulin, interferon, growth hormone, etc., have been put into production.
Gene diagnosis technology for many diseases has been established. Gene prediction, gene prevention, gene diagnosis, and gene therapy will change the entire medicine. The differences in DNA sequences will help humans understand the resistance of different individuals to diseases, so they can prescribe the right medicine based on each person's "genetic characteristics." That is medicine in the 21st century - "personalized medicine". At that time, DNA sequence analysis may become the fastest, most accurate, and cheapest diagnostic method.
Malaria, Alzheimer's disease, etc. will have new breakthroughs in the near future. Using the "gene map" as a "reference book" for diet and daily life can make our lifestyle and living environment more harmonious with our genes, which will definitely extend everyone's lifespan to a certain extent. Humanity will all benefit from understanding our own genes.
5. Industrialization
The Human Genome Project will drive the development of the biological industry in the 21st century. Characteristics such as scale, serialization, and informatics make it linked to the possibility of industrialization from the very beginning.
The biological industry, together with the information industry, will become the pillar industry of the national economy of all countries in the world in the 21st century. The characteristics of the biological industry are resource dependence and resource informatization, which makes biological resources a strategic resource that can be competed for and occupied after land (minerals, etc.) resources. The strategies and technologies developed by the Human Genome Project have transformed biological resources from the original population germplasm resources (wild and high-quality germplasm) to serialization and information. The resource information brought by technology has made its protection more efficient. for difficulty. Failure to realize this may lead to the loss of our biological resources, the loss of the source and upstream of the biological industry, and the established biotechnologies (such as gene cloning, transgenics, animal individual cloning, etc.) becoming useless. The current urgent task of my country's life science community is to adapt to the requirements of the new era of life sciences based on DNA sequences and oriented by bioinformation while contributing to the Human Genome Project.
6. Humanity
The background pattern of the White House's "Working Framework" celebration is interesting: Interpreting the Book of Life - A milestone for humanity.
In the past, when we discussed "Science is a double-edged sword", we were only concerned that the enemies of mankind might also wield this sword, such as Hitler and Yamamoto Isoroku. Now, our problem suddenly becomes complicated. These public enemies of mankind still exist (such as bioterrorists). But more importantly, it is impossible to determine illegal behavior based on existing international law and the laws of a country. Our laws suddenly became at a loss or powerless to deal with these new problems. We must be adequately prepared in all aspects such as moral or ethical, personal survival psychology, social structure and behavior. From a humanistic perspective, even human nature and human rights, equality, and the position of social structures in nature will be re-discussed.
4. Where is the balance between economic development and environmental protection?
At present, the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection is becoming increasingly acute, and there is an urgent need to theoretically clarify the relationship between the two. relationships so that they can be handled correctly in practice. Failure to provide a clear answer to the relationship between the two will raise a series of questions. For example, some local governments unilaterally believe that development means economic growth. As a result, the economic growth rate temporarily increased, but serious environmental pollution problems emerged. Another example is that some local governments have put forward the slogan of "ecology first, protection first". So which one should come first, development or protection? The government cannot explain clearly, the enterprises cannot explain clearly, and the public cannot explain clearly. The direct consequence of this is that environmental protection work has become a cyclical work, with a period of time "standing on the sidelines" and a period of time "going to the front line". We must rely on "centralized rectification" and "special actions" to fight the "war of annihilation", and to a certain extent, we have fallen into a "lag" , ex post facto, passive, remedial” situation.