The history of cold weapons? Sword?
At the same time, the sword is also called the sacred product in ancient times, which is supreme and revered by people and gods. Sword is the ancestor of short soldiers, a weapon of close combat, with profound Taoist skills, so it entered the legend of metaphysics. In fact, because of its portability, admirable and rapid use, princes and emperors, literati and chivalrous people, businessmen and ordinary people are proud of it.
Since ancient times, sword and art have often fought in the battlefield, dominated the Wulin, founded the country, and acted in righteousness. So it has spread to this day and is still loved by the world. It is also deeply rooted in the hearts of the people because of its glorious history.
Gu Jian, made of metal, is long, with sharp front kick, short handle at the back end and blades on both sides. Its size is determined by the human body. Hua Zheng explained the sword in detail and said? People have different shapes and sizes, so we should make swords for clothes, not just for beauty, but for our own use. Therefore, treating third-class people is a third-class system. Make it convenient for you. The hilt is five inches long. If the length of the blade is five times that of the hilt, the blade will be three feet long. If it's heavy, it's three catties and twelve liang. It is extremely long and heavy, so it is called Shangtong. Only those who are good-looking can win, so the staff sergeant is convinced. The body of the sword has four stems, two feet five inches long and seven inches heavy, weighing two catties and fourteen liang, and the length is moderate. Only the person who gets the best is suitable to take it, so the sergeant took it. The sword is two feet long when it stops at three stems, and two pounds and one second and three minutes when it stops at five Tang Dynasties. It is light and short, so it is called the lower system. How can a scholar with short stature and poor strength serve? .
A sword consists of a body and a handle. The sword body includes a tip, a tip, a blade and a ridge; The hilt includes a lattice and a handle. Most swords also have a head that can be tied with spikes. Wen Jian? Often worn by ancient literati, this sword is mostly used for decoration; What's the name of the ear without a sword? Wu Jian? This kind of sword is used in martial arts. Some swords have hoops.
Although the purpose of covering the sword is not to kill people, it is also an ornament of literati. However, the main purpose is to defend against the enemy. For example, the sword is inconvenient to use when it is long, and it is difficult to last long when it is short. When it is short, it is difficult to strike hard, and the elderly are bulky and slow to swing. Neither is suitable for sword system. Sword is a kind of short soldier, which is born out of spear-shaped stab soldiers and short daggers. Sword originated in Xuanyuan Huangdi era. According to the Yellow Emperor Ben Jiyun, the emperor carved astronomical ancient characters with Shoushan bronze sword? . According to the above statement, no matter who the founder of the sword is, it was born in the era of the Yellow Emperor, but there is no doubt. Huangdi built a temple in 46 15 BC (2704 BC), named Xiong, when the fashion department just entered the bronze age, but it can be inferred that the sword was born very long and has a long history, so it was called by later generations. The ancestor of the short soldier? , is well deserved. It is recorded in Historical Records. Bill Han has many swords, one is Tang Xi, the other is Yang Mo, the third is Hebo, the fourth is Deng Shi, the fifth is Feng Wan, the sixth is Longyuan, the seventh is Taia, the eighth is Mo Xie, and the ninth is a general. ? "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" records that Tangxi is located in Xiping, and its water-quenched sword is extremely sharp, which was created by general Mo Xie, also known as Master Chuan. ? According to Fan Wenlan's General History of China:
? There are smelting furnace city and Tangxi village in Xiping, Henan Province, both of which are famous places for casting swords in Korea. Xiping has longyuan water and a strong sword. ? He told the author that Xiping Tangxi belonged to Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period and Korea in the Warring States Period. It was a holiday military base for smelting iron and casting swords at that time, with a history of 2700 years. Our ancestors created China's steel civilization here and made China's sword culture.
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The history of cold weapons? Sword? history
Before Shang dynasty, the shape of the organ was very short, with only short flat stems and no tubes. There are detailed historical records of casting swords in China since Shang Dynasty, which are generally willow-shaped or pointed triangle, originally made of copper. At that time, it was usually used as an auxiliary weapon under long weapons. However, in areas with many rivers, such as wuyue, swords were used as the main weapon, so most of the famous swords in the Spring and Autumn Period came from these areas. By the Zhou Dynasty, especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it had become the main short weapon and was necessary for scholars.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the sword was the main weapon of step warfare, and it was constantly lengthened. The sword of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, unearthed from No.1 Chu Tomb in Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei, is 55.7 cm long. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was more than 3 feet long. The blade was bent and stretched twice, straightened, and the included angle of the blade increased sharply. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he gradually withdrew from the war stage in order to wear ceremonial or martial arts to strengthen self-defense. After the Han Dynasty, bronze swords were gradually replaced by steel swords, and tended to be stereotyped, that is, the body of the sword had ridges, blades on both sides, a point in front, a head in the middle and a handle at the back. The ring at the end of the stem is called a shovel, and there are accessories such as sheaths and spikes. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, swords prevailed. Sui Shu? Etiquette yearbook:? Yipin, Jade Sword, Peishan Xuan Yu. Second, Jin Jian matches water with jade. The third-class and the founding son of the country, the fifth-class scattered (scattered) products are called four or five-class, and they are silver swords, wearing aquamarine, and the servants have gone down, the straight lang has gone up, and the companions are like swords. Those who carry straight swords enter the ancestral temple and climb the temple. If they are in battle, they will untie their swords. Yipin Gong, San (III) County Gong and Hou Bo, the founder of the country, are highly respected. Second-class, third-class and founding son male, fifth-class scattered (scattered) product for several hours, are only envious of it. The same is true of ribbons. ? It flourished most in the Tang Dynasty and was regarded as an ornament by literati to express their lofty aspirations or show their martial spirit. After the sword and Taoism forged an indissoluble bond and became one of the instruments in the hands of Taoist priests. Even Feng Xuan and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty, although they were too poor to eat, still took them with them. The famous ones are Ganjiang, Mo Xie, Longquan, Tai 'an, Chunjun, Zhan Lu, Yuchang and Lan Ju. One of the Longquan swords in the Spring and Autumn Period is still hidden in the Forbidden City, and it is still very sharp, which proves that China has a long history in the manufacture and use of swords.
The fencing of the Han Dynasty has been fully prepared, and the depth of martial arts attainments is manifested in fencing fighting. Cao Pi's classic theory? Self-report: I also learned fencing and saw many teachers. The methods in the four directions are different, only the capital is good. Between Huan and Ling, there is a samurai whose skill is called Wang Yueshansi, which is called Shi Jing. ? Since the Tang Dynasty, the psychology of scholar-officials has been filled with the theory that Taoist immortals are evil spirits, and swords have become a tool to suppress evil spirits. If it is a few feet of iron, cast in the shape of a sword, it will have supreme magic. So I hung a sword at home, which means good luck. I didn't learn fencing, but thought that the sword could defeat the enemy. Therefore, from the Tang Dynasty, one of the sword-shaped short soldiers was used by Buddhism and led astray. Conscripts use more knives than swords, and more and more people wear swords, which obviously has considerable resistance to the development of fencing.
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of sword dance, and Du Fu's Sword Dance Equipment described Gong Sundaniang's sword dance stunt. A few years ago, there was a beautiful Gongsun who danced her dagger from all directions. The audience is like a mountain lost between them, and the world moves back and forth with her movements. Hey (l? Ng) If it falls for nine days, it will be as fast as the angel in front of the dragon wing; As clear as rivers and oceans. ? The sound of the sword and the light of the sword seem to be heard and seen, and the exquisite skills are presented in front of you. Tang Ming Shunzhi's Wu Bian says Song Taizong:? Select hundreds of soldiers from all armies and teach them to dance swords. They can all throw swords into the air, jump around and accept them, which is great. Hui Beirong left envoys to repair tribute and hosted a banquet in the temple. Because the swordsmen showed it, they showed their heads to take a bath, waving knives, jumping and throwing them, and frost fronts and snow blades were flying all over the sky. ? These superb skills have a great influence on the later development of fencing routines and performance skills, and are also reflected in the martial arts routines we have practiced so far.
The legendary swordsman in Jin Yong's works? Nine swords of loneliness? , is an amazing stunt. Sword moves mainly include chopping, chopping, collapsing, pulling, stopping, washing, cutting, stabbing, stirring, pressing, hanging and sweeping. It is characterized by the combination of rigidity and softness, freedom of movement, lightness and grace, as described in the boxing proverb? Sword like a flying phoenix? So it's wonderful. On the basis of the application of swordsmanship, various martial arts schools in Ming Dynasty created many precious swordsmanship. How to make good use of what the minister said in Market Town Collection? Bian Zhuangzi's argument, Wang Juzhi's rise and fall, Mr. Liu's willingness to respond, Wang's lightning method, and Ma Qi's technique? Wait, these swordsmanship provided useful materials for the later development of swordsmanship. Sword of the yue maiden, another martial arts novel by Jin Yong, deeply describes and discusses the highest realm of kendo. In sword practice, it is generally divided into? Standing sword? And then what? Sword? Two kinds. ? Standing sword? Generally speaking, it refers to quick and agile movements, calm and sculptural static movements. And then what? Sword? It is relatively less pause, continuous, uniform and flexible.
At the same time, the sword also has a knife with long nails and short nails, which is also called a nail robe. Its role is to confuse the enemy with dance, and it looks like a dragon and phoenix dance when practicing, with beautiful image. Especially the spike, dancing with the sword, is even more wonderful. Sword practice requires the unity of body and sword, and the unity of sword and god. "Green Water Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge IV" Cloud: Sword? The front is like a blade, with a handle, and Weizhou's eyes are as light as apes and birds, that is, fencing. ? It says here. As a handle? In other words, it is the key to practice sword with your own body.
China ancient famous sword
? Gou Jianjian, the King of Yue?
It is 55.7 cm high, 4.6 cm wide, 8.4 cm long and weighs 875 grams. /kloc-in the winter of 0/965, the tomb of Wangshan Chu near Jingzhou City, Hubei Province was unearthed. The sword is engraved with eight words, with bird prints on it. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, acted as a sword? . This bronze sword has experienced a long history of more than 2,000 years, but its body has no rust, and it is still extremely sharp, with dazzling green eyes, which is chilling! After this sword was unearthed, it once cut more than 20 layers of copy paper with one sword. Enjoy it? The best sword in the world? This reputation was even once suspected to be the legendary Excalibur? Jun Jun? This sword is the only one unearthed by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and is now in the Hubei Provincial Museum.
? Is the King of Yue aiming at the sword?
This sword is 52.4 centimeters long. 1995, Mr. Ma Chengyuan, the curator of Shanghai Museum and a famous bronze expert, bought this sword for HK$ 6.5438+0.36 million. Later, Hangzhou Iron and Steel Group Company contributed money and donated it to Zhejiang Museum. Whose sword is this? The king of yue aims to give? . Yue Wang gave it to Yue Wang and (464 BC? Before 459), he was once? Sleep on your laurel? Son of Gou Jian, King of Yue. This sword is now in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum.
? Warring States period? A higher sentence? Bronze sword?
This sword is 56 cm long and 4.5 cm wide. Warring States period? A higher sentence? Bronze sword. Unearthed at Tomb 42 of Heshan Temple in Yiyang, Hunan Province 1977, it may be a trophy of Chu people. The owner of this sword is Zhou Sentence, that is, Zhu Gou, the king of Yue, the son of Shou Shou and the great-grandson of Gou Jian. This sword is now in the Hunan Provincial Museum.
? Wang Wuguang Jian?
This sword was unearthed in Nanling County, Anhui Province in the spring of 1993, and then it flowed into Hong Kong antique shops and was bought back by Shanghai Museum for a large sum of money. This Wu Wang lightsaber decorated with exquisite patterns is still extremely sharp after more than 2,500 years. When this sword was airlifted back to Shanghai from Hong Kong, the Shanghai World Expo staff who met it at the airport found it? Wang Wuguang Jian? The inner wrapping paper that protects it has been cut! Because this sword has two lines of seal script inscription on the sword near wax: attack my Wang Guang (at first sight) and defend against people. ? Therefore, it can be confirmed that this sword was used by Wu (that is, He Lv of Wu). This sword is now in Shanghai Museum.
? Fu Cha Bronze Sword of Prince Wu?
The total length is 59. 1cm and the blade width is 5cm. 1976 was unearthed in Huixian County, Henan Province, and is now in the National Museum of China.
This sword is sharp, the body of the sword is covered with patterns, the sword tan is decorated with turquoise animal face patterns, and there is an inscription 10 nearby? Attack (Wu) king Fu Cha for his own use? . Fu Cha, son of He Lv, King of Wu, succeeded to the throne in 495 BC, defeated Gou Jian, King of Yue, the next year, and then moved to the north to compete for the Central Plains.
? Terracotta Warriors and Horses Jian Qin?
After being unearthed, this sword, which has been bent for thousands of years, bounced straight. After removing soil rust on site, the surface is as bright as new and the blade is very sharp. A sword can cut 12 layers of newspaper. After testing, the researchers found that the surface of the sword has a chromium-containing oxide protective layer of 10 to 15 micron, which indicates that the chromium salt oxidation treatment technology is used. There is an oxide layer containing chromium compounds on the surface of these weapons, the chromium content is 0.78% to 2.32%, and the thickness is 10 to 15 micron. Rust prevention with chromium oxide is an advanced process. Bronze weapons oxidized by chromium salts have good anti-corrosion and anti-rust properties, so even if they have been hidden underground for more than 2000 years, they still don't rust and are as bright as new. Modern chromizing treatment technology was patented by Germany and the United States in the 20th century, and rust can only last for about 60 years. However, it is still a mystery how Qin people mastered chromizing treatment technology 2200 years ago. This sword is now in Shaanxi History Museum.
Ou Yezi, the founder of Baojian.
Ou Yezi was a Vietnamese from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period. He is good at casting weapons. Historically, he forged five swords for the King of Yue, namely Zhan Lu, Tsunku, Xie Sheng, Yuchang and Juque. He is the originator of ancient sword casting in China. When he was born, there were constant disputes among countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the State of Chu successively annexed 45 countries south of the Yangtze River. The more it became the vassal state of King Chu Ling. Ou Yezi is willing to use his head and has extraordinary wisdom; He is strong and can work hard. He discovered the difference between copper and iron and forged the first iron sword. Long Yuan? , created a precedent for cold weapons in China.
A series of famous swords made by Ou Yezi are the best in China. In the hegemony war in the Spring and Autumn Period, it showed infinite power and amazing artistic charm. He once made five swords for the King of Yue, namely Zhan Lu, Tsunku, Xie Sheng, Yuchang and Juque. Later, at the invitation of Feng Beard, he took a general to the State of Chu to cast three swords for the King of Chu: Long Yuan, Tai Ai and Fang Ming. Every sword is a famous sword. His apprentice Ganjiang and his daughter Mo Xie are husband and wife, and they are combined with the famous Ganjiang (male) Mo Xie (female) double sword.
According to legend, when Ou Yezi cast a sword, the red pansy mountain broke tin, and if the stream dried up, copper came out, the rain swept it, the thunder beat it, the dragon held the furnace, and the Emperor filled the charcoal; It's good to watch more. Ou Ye is famous for his clever plan because of his heavenly spirit, and makes it three kinds of severe punishment (type) and two kinds of light punishment (type); One is Zhan Lu, the other is Chun Jun, the third is to conquer evil, the fourth is fish intestines, and the fifth is the Great Que? . The successful swords made by Ou Yezi with the help of the gods in heaven are all rare swords with priceless value. Among them, Chun Jun Jian? Look at it, like hibiscus; Watching, rotten like a trip to the stars; Looking at its light, muddy as water overflows; Look at its faults, cliffs are like stones; Watching it rejuvenate like ice? . Isn't that what we saw today? And a giant sword, okay? If you wear a copper kettle, it will be absolutely made of iron, and the middle is absolutely as good as rice, so it is called Daque? . The sword of the Great Que can pierce the copper pot and burst like rice cakes one by one. The power of his two swords was also described in later literature. Such as Xunzi:? Zhan, Heiya. Zhan Lu, words are like water and black. ? In other words, Zhan Lujian is a black sword that combines rigidity with softness. Another example is Han's Huai Nan Zi? Maintenance training includes:? If the husband hons fish intestines, sharpen their sharp edges, the dragon boat will be broken by water, and the land will be returned to the rhinoceros. ? The two swords, Chunjun and Yuchang, can cut off the huge dragon boat on the water and pierce the solid rhinoceros armor on the land, and their power can be imagined. Legend has it that in order to seize the throne, the Duke of Wu sent an assassin named Zhuan Xu to kill Wu Wangliao, and Zhuan Xu pierced Wu Wangliao's three-layer armor with a fish-gut sword.