Shenzhen is the country’s earliest comprehensive reform pilot zone, one of the first cities in the country to establish the development goal of “independent innovation city”, and the country’s most successful city that relies on independent innovation to achieve changes in economic growth patterns and economic structure. One of the cities that adjusted. This city that dared to reform, open up, and innovate was the first in the country to hold public land auctions, the first to create "cultural tourism", the first to establish a medical insurance system for migrant workers, and the first to form the overall idea of ??an anti-corruption and integrity prevention system... ...This city has created many miracles: in just 25 years, per capita GDP ranked first in the country, and export volume ranked first in the country for 12 consecutive years...
Reviewing the development history of glorious Shenzhen
On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Li Hongzhong, member of the Standing Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, and Xu Zongheng, mayor of Shenzhen, met with the central news media interview team to review the history of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the past 25 years:
"Peer a bloody path"
From the establishment of the special zone to the early 1990s: Comrade Deng Xiaoping's inspection of the south was the initial period of the special zone. Shenzhen "blazed a bloody path" and created a bright future for China. Explore ways and accumulate experience in socialism with characteristics and the socialist market economic system;lt;lt;lt;more
"Increase innovative advantages and reach a higher level"
Comrade 1994 During the inspection of Shenzhen in 2017, it was proposed that "adding new advantages and moving to a higher level" was an important sign of the period of leapfrog development. Shenzhen accelerated the transformation from the traditional planned economic system to the socialist market economic system, and the economic growth mode from extensive to intensive. Transformation, the "three transformations" of special economic zone development from mainly relying on special policies to improving overall quality;lt;lt;lt;more
"Harmonious Shenzhen, Beneficial Shenzhen"
No. The third stage is a new development period marked by the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee’s proposal last year to build a “harmonious and efficient Shenzhen” and guided by the “Scientific Outlook on Development”. lt;lt;lt;more
Shenzhen’s first “Ten Thousand Yuan Household Village” Shenzhen’s first “Modern Street” Shenzhen’s first “New Village in the City” 25 Years of Wind and Rain Road from “Shenzhen Processing” To "Created in Shenzhen"
Since the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the original border town has rapidly developed into a thriving modern city. The place is vibrant and vibrant. However, while Shenzhen is accelerating economic and social development, challenges are also coming. Entering the new century, a new examination paper is placed in front of Shenzhen people.
After 25 years of development, Shenzhen has only 760 square kilometers of construction land, but more than 500 square kilometers have been erected with high-rise buildings; Shenzhen has a registered population of 1.65 million and a permanent population of 5.8 million. The government actually manages With a population of 10.6 million, the supply of various resources is tightening... As economic development gradually accelerates, conflicts such as land, energy, water sources, and population are further exposed, and the wealthy Shenzhen feels the pressure.
Shenzhen leaders have a very clear understanding of this. Li Hongzhong, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, said: "We must emphasize independent innovation, emphasize increasing the output per unit of land and resource consumption, and emphasize building an efficient Shenzhen. For example, in the past we planted low-yield and medium-yield fields, but now we need to plant high-yield fields Tian.” Building Shenzhen into an independent and innovative city has become an important connotation of the “Beneficial Shenzhen” development model. lt;lt;lt;More
According to statistics, among the more than 700 R&D institutions in Shenzhen, 90% are founded by enterprises, and 90% of researchers are concentrated in enterprises. The annual R&D investment of enterprises in the city is close to Ten billion yuan. Among the top ten domestic companies applying for patents last year, Shenzhen's Huawei, ZTE, and Hongfujin were among them. Among them, Huawei alone has applied for 2,300 patents and continues to be the country’s “patent king”; ZTE released the first global digital trunking standard proposed by the Chinese—GoTa, and was the first Chinese communications company to introduce it to internationally renowned companies. It is the first manufacturer to license patents. After rapid development in recent years, the banner of "Shenzhen Creation" has been raised high.
Today, the output value of Shenzhen's high-tech products has accounted for 53% of the total industrial output value, and products with independent intellectual property rights have accounted for "half of the output value" of high-tech products, forming computer manufacturing, communication equipment, rechargeable batteries, flat panel displays, Six major industrial chains of digital TV and biomedicine. lt;lt;lt;more
The government creates a good environment to encourage innovation
Shenzhen municipal government leaders believe that improving independent innovation capabilities is inseparable from government support, but the government cannot misplace it , let alone offside. It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between science and technology policies and industrial development, truly make science and technology policies have a more direct contribution to improving independent innovation capabilities, and actively create a good environment that encourages enterprise innovation.
First, increase investment. We must be willing to spend money on financial investment and dare to invest the achievements accumulated in the previous stage of reform and opening up into the implementation of independent innovation strategies to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Shenzhen.
Second, strengthen service innovation. Relevant departments should focus on promoting independent innovation, effectively increase innovation in service methods and content, and continue to implement the convenient through-train system for large enterprises and the regular communication system between the government and enterprises, and continuously launch new service products to facilitate the implementation of independent innovation. Innovate strategies and build an independent and innovative city to create a good environment.
Third, speed up policy research. Focusing on building an independent and innovative city, a series of clear and practical policies and measures should be formulated and implemented as soon as possible. lt; lt; lt; More
Enterprises raised the banner of "Shenzhen Creation" and switched from planting "low and middle-yield fields" to "high-yield fields"
Take the initiative to "retreat" A Rational City
On the festive day to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen people are not intoxicated with the glory of the past. Shenzhen's rapid development for 25 years has not only intensified social conflicts caused by the diversification of social interests, but the lack of means of production has also become a bottleneck for economic development. The contradiction between man and nature, man and society has made Shenzhen more deeply understand the necessity and urgency of fully implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development. Shenzhen began to reflect on its own development model.
Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee Secretary Li Hongzhong said frankly that behind the continued rapid economic growth, Shenzhen is facing four "unsustainable problems":
Land and space are unsustainable. At present, the remaining developable land is only 267 square kilometers. According to the current land use rate of 12 to 13 square kilometers per year, Shenzhen will have no land available in less than 20 years.
Energy and water resources are unsustainable. Shenzhen's per capita water resources have dropped to 1/18 of what it was 20 years ago. Even if the Dongjiang water is drained, it will not be able to meet the growth needs under the speed mode. As a city with extremely poor energy and high dependence on export, Shenzhen Economic Development Institute All the primary energy required and the main secondary energy enter from inland or port.
The heavy population burden is unsustainable. According to the speed model, achieving a GDP of one trillion yuan requires more labor input, and Shenzhen, which currently has a population of more than 10 million, is already overwhelmed.
The environmental carrying capacity is unsustainable. At present, Shenzhen's environmental capacity has been seriously overdrawn. If the development model is not changed, an environmental crisis will soon occur.
Facing the problem squarely without taking any detours, the four "unsustainable problems" have become the "stumbling blocks" to Shenzhen's development, and the "speed-based" development path has come to an end.
As a result, Shenzhen made a move that surprised the whole country: it postponed the timetable for taking the lead in basically realizing modernization from 2005 to 2010, and in accordance with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development, it Adjust and enrich the indicator system. lt;lt;lt;More
Recreate glory and establish a special position by being special
With the situation all over the country catching up with each other and accelerating development, how is the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone? Development, how to create greater glories? The "specialness" of the special zone today is very different from the "specialness" of yesterday. If we still aim at special policies and focus on the topics, projects, and fields when the special zone was founded, it will be difficult to continue to be "special".
Reform, innovation and opening up are the "root" and "soul" of Shenzhen
The special zone is a region that is particularly capable of reform, innovation and opening up.
Because the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was founded through reform and innovation, and was established as a port and city through reform and opening up. Shenzhen's greatest advantage and capital is reform, innovation and opening up. Reform, innovation and opening up are the "root" and "soul" of Shenzhen. In the new century and new era, just like the original reform and opening up, we still need to have pioneers, windows, experimental fields, demonstration areas, and vanguards. Shenzhen should make new contributions to implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. To establish the special zone as a special place.
In the past 25 years, Shenzhen’s greatest contribution and achievement are not only reflected in the physical form, but more importantly, the contribution of the system and mechanism, and the contribution of the development model. Under the new situation, Shenzhen still needs to forge ahead and make new explorations in its development model. In addition, from the perspective of Shenzhen itself, economic and social development has also been severely restricted by the "four unsustainable problems" of land, energy resources, population, and ecological environment, as well as the emergence of social contradictions. There is an urgent need to promote the fundamental development model and growth method. change. lt;lt;lt;More benefits in Shenzhen mean a change in the overall economic development model
Benefits in Shenzhen mean a change in the overall economic development model, which means the focus, foothold and development point of future economic development Change is going to happen. The first is to vigorously build an independent and innovative city; the second is to further expand and strengthen the four pillar industries; the third is to regulate the urban spatial layout and improve the development level of the special zone; the fourth is to vigorously develop the circular economy and improve resource utilization efficiency. To this end, Shenzhen City has formulated the "Shenzhen City's Implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development Economic and Social Development Regulation Indicator System" as a baton for economic work, including 4 major items and 41 small items such as macro benefits, ecological environment, innovation capabilities, and harmonious society. item.
Under the guidance of the new model of harmonious Shenzhen and efficient Shenzhen, we no longer simply compare economic scale and total volume, and no longer simply judge heroes based on GDP. Some people may think that Shenzhen is no longer "glorious", so we must be willing to invest, time and reputation. lt;lt;lt;More
Special topic: Celebrating the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone
Editor’s note: Only by changing strategies can we break through development bottlenecks. Along with the revision of the modernization timetable, Shenzhen's policymakers made it clear that in the future, they will no longer judge heroes based on GDP, and will not simply compete for scale, speed, and GDP growth, but will pay more attention to resource consumption and economic development in economic development. issues such as social equity and human development to achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the economy and society. The 25-year-old Shenzhen has carefully examined its own development ideas and goal positioning, established the strategic goal of an international city, and further clearly proposed the development ideas of building a "harmonious Shenzhen" and "effective Shenzhen". A rational city has a reason to get one
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