First, although the traditional "cultural exchange" model relying on government-led and government subsidies still plays an important role, the significance of cultural export has become more important.
the developed countries have provided us with a good reference in promoting cultural soft power by relying on cultural exports. As early as the "World War I", the United States tried its best to promote its own films to occupy the world film market; On April 28, 26, the Japanese Foreign Minister clearly put forward the strategy of "animation diplomacy" in "New Ideas on Cultural Diplomacy". On January 17th, 26, South Korean Prime Minister Lee Hae Chan presided over the meeting, which was devoted to the globalization of "Korean Wave" products. American blockbusters, Japanese cartoons, "Korean Wave" TV series, etc. are all cultural products with strong competitiveness in the international cultural market. In the process of going abroad, these cultural products rely on the way of cultural export, and they can occupy the world cultural market, which is of course driven by the "invisible hand" of the government, but more importantly, the strong competitiveness of the cultural products themselves.
second, big cities (especially capital cities) play a leading role in the process of enhancing a country's cultural influence.
Gibson's research shows that there is a huge difference between urban and rural areas in contemporary cultural production. In terms of employment, investment, industrial assembly, etc., metropolises occupy a dominant position, and the capital city is far higher than other non-capital cities. In the United States, more than 5% of the cultural industry employees are concentrated in cities with a population of more than 1 million. More strictly speaking, they are mainly concentrated in two centers: new york and Los Angeles. In 1998, the employment opportunities provided by Sydney in the cultural industry accounted for more than 3% of Australia, while the output value of Sydney's cultural industry accounted for 32.2% of Australia. In terms of employment, London accounts for 26.9% of the employees in the whole British cultural industry. Sweden's cultural and economic employees (accounting for 9% of the total number of positions in the country) are mostly concentrated in Sderot. In Japan, the number of employees in Tokyo cultural industry accounts for 16% of the total employment in Japanese cultural industry. After entering the 21st century, the development of international cultural and creative industries has shown a trend of transnational capital operation, highly promoted industrial structure and grouped industrial distribution, resulting in a "cultural and creative industry cluster" with global significance around some international metropolises.
The Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Beijing's National Economic and Social Development clearly states that cultural and creative industries should be the focus of Beijing's future work. In 26, the added value of Beijing's cultural and creative industries was 81.2 billion yuan, accounting for 1.3% of GDP. Cultural and creative industries have become an important pillar of Beijing's economy. As a capital city with a long history and cultural tradition, it is a correct choice for Beijing to vigorously develop cultural and creative industries in the new era. In the development of Beijing's cultural and creative industries, it must be oriented to both domestic and international markets. Facing the international market and promoting the international influence of Beijing's cultural and creative industries will play a very important leading role in promoting the international influence of Chinese culture.
1. Beijing has obvious advantages in enhancing the international competitiveness of cultural and creative industries
1. Rich and diverse cultural resources
As a city with a capital history of over 8 years and a history of over 2, years, Beijing has a unique historical and cultural heritage. Beijing has not only the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and other rich material-based cultures, but also splendid intangible cultural heritages such as Beijing Opera, Quyi, arts and crafts, traditional medicine and folk customs. These rich historical and cultural connotations have enabled Beijing to have its own unique symbols and a historical and cultural gold mine to be tapped. In addition to its rich historical and cultural heritage, Beijing is also the intersection of traditional culture and modern culture, China culture and world culture, and presents unique cultural characteristics in this pluralistic intersection. Beijing has high-tech culture such as numbers represented by Zhongguancun, the largest art market such as calligraphy, painting and antiques in China, and the highest-level cultural and sports performances in China.
Rich and diverse cultural resources provide a guarantee for the development of Beijing's cultural and creative industries. Many cultural industries in Beijing dominate the country: books published in Beijing account for about half of the national total, audio-visual products account for 1/3, periodicals account for 1/4, newspapers account for 1/5, and the number of TV series (departments) and film production account for more than 1/3 of the national total. In terms of export, the export scale of Beijing's cultural and creative products is also expanding day by day, especially in the industries of software, books, film and television. In 21, the export volume of Beijing cultural products accounted for about 3% of the whole country; In 24, it accounted for about 4%, with an annual increase of more than 2%. In 26, Beijing exported 356 million US dollars of customs software, accounting for 1/3 of the national customs software export.
(II) The innovation ability is leading in China
Innovation ability is an important factor in the development of cultural and creative industries today. As the national capital, Beijing not only has rich and diverse cultural resources, but also ranks in the forefront of the country in terms of scientific and technological innovation and knowledge innovation. In terms of the number of patents granted, the number of patents granted in Beijing was 5,95 in 2 and 11,238 in 26, an increase of 9.2%, including 1,74 invention patents in 2 and 3,864 in 26, an increase of 259.8%. In terms of science and technology awards, in 25, Beijing won 75 national science and technology awards (general projects), accounting for 3.4% of the total 247 national science and technology awards (general projects).
Beijing's knowledge innovation ability is much higher than other regions. At R& D Input: In 25, Beijing scientific research institutions received 73.5 billion yuan for scientific and technological activities, accounting for 14% of the national scientific and technological funds, ranking first in all regions of the country. In addition, R& in Beijing; D the investment increased year by year, reaching 5.8% in 26, exceeding the average level of developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Britain and Japan in the same period; In terms of scientific research projects, Beijing has undertaken a large number of national-level scientific research projects in recent years, ranking first in the country in terms of research projects and the use of funds. In 24, it undertook 158 basic research projects, accounting for 41.7% of the whole country, and spent 48 million yuan, accounting for 46.1% of the whole country. 1,227 863 programs were undertaken, accounting for 32.1% of the country, and the expenditure was 2.79 billion yuan, accounting for 3.% of the country; He undertook 716 key research projects, accounting for 35.1% of the country, and spent 2 billion yuan, accounting for 13.4% of the country; It has undertaken 176 technological innovation funds for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, accounting for 12% of the country, and spent 11 million yuan, accounting for 13.4% of the country. In short, Beijing's knowledge innovation ability is strong, and its advantages in the whole country are very obvious.
(3) Rich resources of cultural and creative talents
As a national cultural center, Beijing is rich in creative resources, and has gathered a large number of cultural celebrities, writers, artists and a large number of creative talents who are well-known throughout the country. There are more than 4 scientific and technological information research institutes and scientific and technological information network centers in China, most of which are concentrated in Beijing. There are more than 5 independent information institutions in Beijing, accounting for 1.7% of the country. According to the data of China Statistical Yearbook of Science and Technology in 26, in 25, there were 89 institutions of higher learning, 35 scientific research institutions and 6,481 units with scientific research activities, including 254 large and medium-sized industrial enterprises. Beijing's human science and technology resources account for 9.24% of the country's total science and technology human resources, among which the number of researchers in universities and research institutions ranks first in the country, far exceeding other regions. In addition, for every 1, people in Beijing, there are 17, people with college education or above, which is five times the national average; There are 76 academicians of the two academies in Beijing; Beijing has one-third of the country's graduate schools, national key disciplines and key laboratories, and the postdoctoral students trained in Beijing account for one-third of the country. Rich cultural and creative talent resources provide a strong backing for Beijing to become a bigger and stronger cultural and creative industry and improve its international competitiveness.
(IV) Advantages of the Capital
As the capital, Beijing is endowed with a symbol representing China, which brings great attraction and radiation to Beijing. The capital advantage is a unique wealth of Beijing, and it is an intangible asset that is incomparable and uncontested by any city in China. First of all, the advantage of the capital has brought huge "attention" resources to Beijing, which can form a powerful intangible asset in contemporary society. Secondly, the advantage of the capital has brought a huge variety of consumer flows to Beijing. Among them, high-end people at home and abroad account for a considerable proportion, and the huge number of high-end personnel flows provides a broader market for Beijing's cultural and creative industries. Thirdly, the advantage of the capital provides an opportunity for the development of new industries and new economic forms in Beijing. For example, the convention and exhibition industry and headquarters economy in Beijing in recent years, including the Olympic economy brought about by the 28 Olympic Games in Beijing, are mainly realized by the advantages of the capital.
(5) There are a large number of cultural and creative institutions, and cultural and creative gathering areas have begun to take shape
According to the relevant data of Beijing Blue Book, there are currently 573 publishing houses in China, 237 of which are in Beijing, accounting for 41.36% of the total number of publishing houses in China, while the book publishing industry in Beijing accounts for nearly half of the whole country in terms of publishing volume and types, and this figure is still increasing. Because Beijing has the most concentrated author resources, media publicity resources and market influence in China, in recent years, publishing and distribution groups all over the country have moved northward and set up branches in Beijing, such as Guangxi Normal University Press's establishment of Babet Company in Beijing, Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House's establishment of Beijing Distribution Center, and Shanghai Century Publishing Group's establishment of Century Wenjing Book Company, all of which have become well-known brands in China. In addition, quite a number of foreign private book companies have also moved their corporate headquarters to Beijing or started business in Beijing, such as Shandong Century Tianhong, Guangdong Tianshi Audio & Video, Fujian Xiamen Photosynthetic Study Room, and cultural studios in Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei.
At present, Beijing has formed a number of creative industry clusters such as Zhongguancun Cultural and Creative Industry Pilot Base, Shijingshan Digital Entertainment Industry Base, Yonghe Cultural Park, Electronic City 798 Cultural Base and Beijing DRC Industrial Design and Creative Industry Base. In addition, cultural and creative industry clusters such as Dongcheng District Cultural Industry Park, National New Media Industry Base, Sanchen Cartoon Animation Online Game Industry Base and Chaoyang Park Cultural Park are under planning and construction.
(VI) Olympic Opportunities
Canadian scholar john friedmann pointed out: "The Olympic Games is far more than just about sports skills, at least since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, it has become a big business. The Olympic Games not only attracted the attention of the whole world to the host city, but also left hundreds of millions of US dollars in the pockets of local retailers, hotels and other service providers as expected. " The hosting of the 28 Olympic Games will not only bring huge direct economic benefits to Beijing, but also have a long-term follow-up impact. The Olympic Games focused the world's attention on Beijing, which played a very important role in showing the charm of Beijing tradition and oriental culture, expanding international exchanges, and promoting the docking of Beijing's cultural and creative industries with the international community.
second, the shortcomings and hidden worries of the internationalization of Beijing's cultural and creative industries
with the vigorous promotion of relevant departments in Beijing, the internationalization of Beijing's cultural and creative industries has been accelerating in recent years, and its international influence has been greatly enhanced. However, compared with new york, Tokyo, Paris and other international metropolises, there is still a big gap, and there are still many shortcomings in the internationalization of cultural and creative industries.
(a) the strategic positioning needs to be clarified, and the overall strategic layout has not yet been formed
In the context of globalization, the development of Beijing's cultural and creative industries should take the world metropolis as the reference and direct competition object. Therefore, the strategic positioning and layout of global and holistic cultural and creative industries are very important. At present, Beijing has carried out a lot of research on the development of cultural and creative industries, but as a whole, the internationalization orientation of the development of cultural and creative industries in Beijing is not clear, and the overall strategic layout has not yet been formed. What position should Beijing's cultural and creative industries be in regionally and globally? In the face of international metropolises with developed cultural and creative industries such as London, new york and Tokyo, what strategic steps should Beijing take to cope with their competition? In the case of a late start, how can Beijing's cultural and creative industries develop their advantages as latecomers? And so on, there is no clear strategic positioning, development path and implementation steps for these problems.
(II) The main strength of cultural and creative industries is weak, and the international competitiveness is insufficient
Enterprises are manufacturers and promoters of cultural products, as well as pioneers of cultural markets, the main bodies of cultural markets and the undertakers of transnational operations. Without famous brands, it is impossible for enterprises to open up the situation of international cultural trade, let alone form the competitiveness of international culture. Competition is actually a contest between the strength and creativity of enterprises. It is one of the important tasks for Beijing's cultural and creative industries to participate in international competition. Only by making efforts to cultivate a number of cultural and famous enterprises can Beijing's cultural and creative industries shoulder the heavy responsibility of international competition. At present, some cultural and creative enterprises in Beijing have begun to take shape and are in a leading position in the domestic market. However, if we look around the world and compare large multinational groups such as time warner Inc. and Disney, it is difficult for these enterprises to compete directly with them in terms of scale, efficiency and brand.
(III) Supporting services need to be improved
At present, most of China's cultural and creative enterprises focus on the domestic market for three reasons: First, with the economic development and the improvement of people's material living standards, China's cultural market has formed a huge scale, and only facing the domestic market can make enough profits; Secondly, due to the long history of culture and the lack of market cultivation in the early stage, Chinese cultural products often suffer a large cultural discount in the process of going abroad, and cultural enterprises will face greater risks when they adopt export-oriented development; Third, the vast majority of cultural and creative enterprises in China are small and medium-sized enterprises, which generally lack funds, information, management experience and business channels and are difficult to participate in international competition. Therefore, it is still difficult for China's export-oriented cultural export enterprises to form scale and obtain economies of scale, which is an important source of competitiveness of cultural products.
Beijing has concentrated a large number of cultural and creative enterprises, which are also facing severe competitive pressure in the Beijing market. Many enterprises urgently need to be based in Beijing and face the international market. However, due to the political situation,