1903, к E tsiolkovsky of Russia put forward the idea and design principle of manufacturing large liquid rockets. 1March 926 16 American rocket expert and physicist R.H. Goddard flew the first liquid rocket.
Since 1950s, rocket technology has been rapidly developed and widely used, among which various controllable rocket weapons (missiles) and space launch vehicles have developed most rapidly. From rockets to anti-tank missiles, air defense missiles, anti-ship missiles, and various tactical missiles and strategic missiles that attack fixed targets on the ground.
All kinds of rocket weapons are developing in the direction of improving hit accuracy, anti-jamming ability, penetration ability and survivability. In addition, rocket weapons such as anti-missile and anti-satellite are also under development. Launch vehicles developed on the basis of ground-to-ground ballistic missiles have been widely used to launch satellites, manned spacecraft and other spacecraft.
Extended data:
The rocket in ancient China has four parts: arrow, shaft, feather and powder barrel. The shell of powder keg is made of bamboo tube or cardboard tube, and powder is filled in it. The upper end of the cylinder is closed and the lower end is open, and the fuse is led out from the small hole on the side of the cylinder. After ignition, gunpowder burns in the cylinder, producing a large amount of gas, which is injected backward at high speed and produces forward thrust.
In fact, this is the prototype of modern rockets. The powder cartridge is equivalent to the propulsion system of modern rockets. Sharp arrows have the lethality of penetrating human body, which is equivalent to the warhead of modern rockets. Tail-mounted arrow feathers play a stabilizing role in flight, which is equivalent to the stabilizing system of modern rockets. The shaft is equivalent to the structure of the modern rocket. The outline map of ancient rockets in China was first recorded in the book Wu Bei Zhi compiled by Mao in A.D. 162 1 year.
After the appearance of rockets, they were quickly used in military operations and folk entertainment in China. 10 ~13rd century, muskets, flying guns, thunder cannons and other gunpowder weapons were used in the Song, Jin and Yuan wars. At that time, the flying gun was similar to the modern flame thrower and was a primitive rocket weapon.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the popular folk fireworks show, people used the reaction of gunpowder gas to make "meteors" (or "flames") and "firecrackers" that could fly high into the air, adding a festive atmosphere to the festival. In terms of working principle, meteor firecrackers have the characteristics of rockets.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-rocket