There are prehistoric primitive humans who accumulated biological knowledge through hunting and gathering
In the 4th century BC, Aristotle's Greek "Animala" and other collections of animal knowledge
Theophrastus's Greek "Botany" in the 4th century BC is a collection of plant knowledge
The Roman "Natural History" of Plinius in the 1st century BC contains 37 volumes of biological knowledge. Dacheng
The 2nd century Galen's Greek collection of anatomy and physiology knowledge
The 6th century Jia Sixie's Chinese "Quanmin Yaoshu" recorded the variation of biological varieties
15th century Leonardo da Vinci's research and portraits of human anatomy in Italy
In the 16th century, Li Shizhen's Chinese "Compendium of Materia Medica" recorded medicinal animals and plants
In 1543, Vesalius of the Netherlands wrote "On the Human Body" Structure" laid the foundation of modern anatomy
1583 Cesapino Italy's "On Plants" laid the foundation for plant classification
1590 Janssen Holland made a microscope
1628 Harvey Britain's "Principles of Blood Circulation" laid the foundation for modern physiology
1648 Helmand the Netherlands conducted experiments on the growth and weight changes of willow trees and discovered that water is a nutrient for plants
1665 Robert Hooke observed cork slices in England and proposed the concept of cells
1678 Leeuwen Hooke in the Netherlands observed living cells such as protozoa and bacteria
1735 Linnaeus Sweden " "Natural System" laid the foundation for modern classification
1749 Buffon's French "Natural History" began to be published
1779 Ingenhaus, the Netherlands, discovered that oxygen can only be produced in the presence of light when studying photosynthesis.
1804 Saurel Switzerland confirmed that photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide as raw material
1809 Lamarck's French "Animal Philosophy" proposed the systematic evolution of "use it or lose it" and "acquired inheritance" Viewpoint
1817 Pellet et al. in France proposed that chlorophyll is related to photosynthesis
1838 Schleiden in Germany proposed that plants are composed of cells
1839 Schwann Germany proposed that the animal body is composed of cells
1846 Von Mol Germany named the entity of cells "protoplasm"
1858 Micro Germany proposed the famous saying "cells come from cells"
1859 Darwin published "The Origin of Species" in England and established the scientific theory of evolution
1863 Pasteur in France passed the retort experiment to deny the theory of spontaneous generation of organisms
1865 Meng Del Austria published "Experiments on Plant Hybridization", proposing the laws of genetic segregation and free combination
1866 Haeckel Germany's "General Morphology" proposed the law of biological recurrence
1871 Michel Switzerland successfully extracted nucleic acid
1878 Engels in Germany proposed that "life is the existence of protein bodies"
1882 Kanehiro Takagi in Japan pointed out that athlete's foot is caused by eating polished rice
1885 Weismann France proposed the theory of germ plasm continuity, denying acquired inheritance
1898 Golgi Italy named "Golgi" body
1898 Barnz adopted the name "photosynthesis"
1900
De Vries, the Netherlands, independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity
1900 Kolens, Germany, independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity
1900 Tschermark, Austria, independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity
Del's law of inheritance
1901 De Vries Holland proposed the mutation theory and advocated the theory of sudden changes in biological evolution
1901 Pavlov founded the theory of conditioned reflex in Russia
1901 Landsteiner, an American from Austria, discovered human blood types
1902 Bernstein from Germany proposed the theory of cell membrane potential
1903 Starling Bellis from England discovered hormones and was known as the pioneer of hormone science
1904 Harden discovered coenzyme in England
1905 Kolotkov invented the blood pressure monitor in Russia
1906 Fisher proposed the protein polypeptide structure theory in Germany
1907 Janski Czech summarized the relationship between bleeding types and blood transfusions
1909 Rickettsia was discovered in the United States
1909 Johnson Denmark proposed the concept of genes; founded the pure lineage theory
p>1912 Hopkins proposed vitamin theory in the United States
1913 Funk discovered vitamin B1 in Poland and extracted vitamin A
1913 Oki Japan discovered vitamin B1 and extracted vitamin A
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1913 Davis in the United States discovered vitamin B1 and extracted vitamin A
1915 Morgan in the United States proposed the chromosome-genetic factor theory
1922 Banding discovered insulin in Canada
1922 Macleod discovered insulin in the UK
1923 Haas invented a practical artificial kidney in Germany
1924 Camouflaged and Calérin discovered the BCG vaccine in France
1924 Australopithecus fossils were discovered in the Towns area of ??South Africa
1926 Sumner, the United States, proved that enzymes are proteins
1926 Warburg, Germany, discovered respiratory enzymes
1927 Lan Csteiner in Austria discovered MN and P factors in blood
1927 Levin discovered MN and P factors in blood in England
1927 Pei Wenzhong discovered Peking Man fossils in China
1927 Muller in the United States discovered that X-rays can cause mutations in genes
1927 Elton in the United Kingdom proposed the food chain theory
1928 Morgan in the United States proposed that chromosomes are the carriers of genes
1928 Fleming discovered penicillin in the UK
1928 Fisher invented artificial heme in Germany
1928 Griffey discovered the genetic function of nucleic acids in the UK
1929 Roman Germany discovered ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
1929 Pei Wenzhong discovered the skull fossil of Peking Man in China
1929 Dam Denmark discovered vitamin K
1929 Glick The United States invented soilless culture
1930 Levin, a Russian-American, discovered DNA and RNA
1930 Ule, a Swedish citizen, discovered prostaglandins
1932 Krebs, a British citizen virtue
China discovered the ornithine cycle
1932 Evans extracted vitamin E in the United States
1933 Haworth UK synthesized vitamin C
1933 Domac Germany discovered sulfonamides The medicine is "a long-lasting wave"
1934 Levin, a Russian-American, discovered that nucleic acids are composed of 4 kinds of nucleotides
1934 Theodore, Sweden, discovered the nature and function of oxidase
1935 Tansley Germany proposed the concept of ecosystem
1935 Gibbon invented the artificial heart-lung machine in the United States
1936 Obalin the Soviet Union "The Origin of Life on Earth" Published
1936 Gerdinger extracted vitamin D from Germany
1937 British-German Krebs discovered the citric acid cycle
1938 Huang Changxian invented seedless watermelon in China
In the early 1940s, Sperry Haldane and others from the United States and the United Kingdom proposed the neuron chemical affinity theory, founded the comprehensive theory of evolution, discovered jumping genes, discovered living fossils, and natural metasequoia, discovered the Hill reaction of photosynthesis
In the 1940s In the early 1940s, McClintock in the United States and China proposed the neuron chemical affinity theory, founded the comprehensive theory of evolution, discovered the jumping gene, discovered living fossils, and discovered the natural metasequoia, discovered the Hill reaction of photosynthesis
In the early 1940s, Hill in China and the United Kingdom proposed neuron chemical affinity. The theory was founded, the comprehensive theory of evolution, the jumping gene was discovered, the living fossil was discovered, the natural metasequoia was discovered, the Hill reaction of photosynthesis
1940 Gardner, the British discovered the nucleic acid anti-aging method
1941 Landsteiner and other Austrian Americans Discovered the existence of Rh factor in blood
1944 Waxman discovered streptomycin in the United States
1944 Avery discovered that DNA is the material basis of genes
1945 Elger artificially synthesized folic acid in the United States
1946 Biddle and Tatum proposed the one-gene-one-enzyme theory in the United States
1948 Xiaobo extracted vitamin B12 in the United States
1948 Bertalanffy established systems theory in France
1948 Shannon established information theory in the United States
1948 Wiener established cybernetics in the United States
1950 Qin Japan discovered mitomycin
1950 Pauling in the United States proposed the protein α-spiral structure
1951 Cohen in the United States discovered growth factors
1951 Montalcini discovered growth factors in Italy
1951 McClintock in the United States discovered mobile genetic components
1952 Lysenko in the Soviet Union proposed the staged development theory of plants
1952 Morel and Martin invented in vitro asexuality in France Reproduction Technology
1953 Miller's successful life synthesis simulation experiment in the United States
1953 Watson's discovery of the DNA double helix structure in the United States
1953 Crick's discovery of the DNA double helix in the United Kingdom Structure
1954 Arenberg, France, discovers the Atlas Homo fossils
1954 Nagano Taichi, Japan, discovers interferon
1954 Pingus and Locke, the United States, invents women Chinese oral contraceptive pill
1954 Merle
The first successful kidney transplant in the United States
1956 Parade discovered the ribonucleosome in the United States
1956 Sutherland discovered the mechanism of hormone action in the United States
1957 Examination Wolf invented the artificial heart in the United States
1957 Tetsu Amoto invented the artificial heart in Japan
1957 Giorno invented the artificial ear in France
1957 Holly discovered metastasis in the United States RNA
1957 Isaacs isolated interferon in England
1957 Lindenmann isolated interferon in Germany
1958 Docet discovered human histocompatibility antigen in France System
1958 Acupuncture anesthesia was discovered in China
1959 Yarrow and Berson invented radioimmunoassay in the United States
1959 Crick proposed genetic information in the United Kingdom The central dogma of transmission
Environmental science was established in the United States in the 1960s
1961 Monod and Jacob France proposed the operon theory
1963 Lantian Man fossils were discovered in China
1963 Chen Zhongwei invented the technology of replantation of severed fingers in China
1965 Niu Jingyi and others artificially synthesized bovine insulin in China
1967 Nirenberg deciphered the genetic code in the United States
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1967 Bolint invented the artificial eye in the United States
1968 Albert Switzerland discovered and used restriction endonuclease
1968 Nathans discovered and used restriction endonuclease in the United States Endonuclease
1968 Smith in the United States discovered and used restriction endonuclease
1969 Crick in the UK proposed the genetic code table
1969 Prigogine Belgium established the dissipative structure theory
1969 Edelman and the United States determined the molecular structure of antibodies
Early 1970 Baltimore Temin and the United States discovered reverse transcriptase
1970 Li Zhuohao Chinese-Americans synthesized human growth hormone containing 188 amino acids
1971 Abbot proposed the concept of ecological agriculture in the United States
1972 Thom France established the mutation theory
1972 Berg achieved in vitro recombination of DNA from two different plasmids in the United States
1973 Cohen pioneered genetic engineering in the United States
1973 Baker achieved organ regeneration in the United States
1973 Jenkins invented artificial ligament in the United Kingdom
1975 Kohler Milstein, Germany and the UK invented monoclonal antibody technology
1976 Ballou, France invented male oral contraceptives
1976 Wen, UK discovered prostaglandins
1977 Hacken Germany established synergy theory
1977 Boyer invented genetic engineering technology in the United States
1978 Steppeto invented in vitro fertilization technology in the United Kingdom
1978 Edwards invented in vitro fertilization in the UK
1979 Edwards invented artificial bone in the US
1979 Ryoichi Naito invented artificial blood in Japan
1981 AIDS was discovered in the US
Virus
1981 Merck, Sharpey, and Dormi developed hepatitis B vaccine in the United States
1981 Panz invented the electronic artificial throat in the United States
1982 Alter Manchekh Canada and the United States discovered the catalytic effect of RNA
1982 Washington University and other United States invented genetically modified animal technology
1984 Shigeru Yamamoto discovered plant blood types in Japan
1985 Paul Max discovered the cell differentiation agent HMBA in the United States
1986 The United Kingdom invented test-tube pig technology
1988 Gordon invented the blood purification method in the United States
1988 The United States began to determine the human genome
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1990 Fujitsu Corporation Japan invented the neural computer
1991 The United States conducted the "Biosphere 2" experiment
1995 The United States proposed the development of a biological computer
1997 Weibo Ermut invented somatic cell cloning technology in the UK, and Dolly the sheep was born
1998 The United States invented the biochip
1999 Russia successfully developed a universal influenza vaccine
2001 Laiyang, Shandong my country's first and second somatic cell cloned cows were born at Laiyang Agricultural College
2003 my country's first healthy adult somatic cell cloned cow's autologous offspring was born at Laiyang Agricultural College
2003 Wilmut's 6-year-old "Dolly" in the UK was euthanized
2003 The human genome sequence map was successfully drawn in the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and China
2004 Chinese scientists mapped the Chinese silkworm genome Completed
2004 Chinese scientists completed the Chinese chicken genome framework map and the domestic chicken genome genetic difference map